International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology
Protecting the pavement subgrade to increase the service life of road pavements is an aspect curr... more Protecting the pavement subgrade to increase the service life of road pavements is an aspect currently being explored. Several alternative pavement subbase materials are being considered, including Lightweight Cellular Concrete (LCC). Due to its lower weight, LCC incorporating industrial by-product, making it sustainable, and ease of use amongst other benefits, is seen as a potential candidate. This paper reports reviewing the potential application of LCC within the pavement structure with a specific application as a subbase. It examines the various properties such as modulus of elasticity, compressive and tensile strength, Water absorption, and freeze-thaw resistance necessary for pavement application. It also assesses its use in the field in Canada considering the design methods utilized. Some limitations and gaps for LCC application in pavements are also established and recommendations on how to further its use and performance. This review concludes that LCC possesses potential a...
ABSTRACT The simulation model used in this study is based on a construction project in Taiwan. In... more ABSTRACT The simulation model used in this study is based on a construction project in Taiwan. In this study, STROBOSCOPE and EZStrobe were used as discrete-event simulation software to assess the potential risk of the construction in terms of time and cost. The construction process, the unit cost of the resources, and the operation time of each activity were modelled based on the actual construction procedure. A total of 30 replications was required for each scenario. Scenarios with real-world data inputs and eight other models were simulated using the software. The best scenario with the lowest cost and competitive time was selected as the base model for a sensitivity analysis. During the Sensitivity Analysis, the best model 8-R was generated by changing the number of labourers to 13 and Excavators to 3. Compared to the real-world project, the total costs were reduced by 11% and the total time was reduced by 58%. Moreover, the result of risk analysis based on scenario 8-R demonstrated that using a number of labourers, trucks, excavators, rollers, millers, and pavers less than the quantities that were used in the real-world data, the associated risk in term of cost and time will exceed the real-world project cost.
This study investigated the pore structure and its effects on mechanical properties of lightweigh... more This study investigated the pore structure and its effects on mechanical properties of lightweight cellular concrete (LCC) in order to understand more and detailed characteristics of such structure. As part of investigation, environment scanning electron microscopes (ESEM) and industrial high-definition (HD) macro photography camera were separately used to capture and compare images of specimens. Physical properties of the pore structure, including pore area, size, perimeter, fit ellipse, and shape descriptors, were studied based on the image processing technology and software applications. Specimens with three different densities (400, 475, and 600 kg/m3) were prepared in the laboratory. Firstly, the effects of density on the characteristics of pore structure were investigated; furthermore, mechanical properties (compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of LCC) were tested. The relationships among pore charact...
ABSTRACT Pavement roughness has always been a concern for road users and highway agencies. The Di... more ABSTRACT Pavement roughness has always been a concern for road users and highway agencies. The Directorate General of Highways (DGH), which administers the Taiwan Provincial Highways, stated that the maintenance lane-kilometres it manages increase daily. In recent years, the Taiwan government has been investing a great deal of money in social and health care services while decreasing annual funding for infrastructure. DGH is no exception to these budget-cutting efforts and now faces the challenge of how to maintain an acceptable level of pavement roughness with limited funding. With this challenge in mind, the main objective of this study was to explore pavement roughness under various maintenance funding levels for the Taiwan Provincial Highway. First, the researchers visited all five Taiwan pavement maintenance offices and several branches to collect roughness data, annual financial reports and expert opinions. Then, life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA), specifically RealCost LCCA software was used to estimate an annual minimum budget for DGH. Taiwan local and typical data were used in this analysis. The results of the LCCA conducted in this study indicated that DGH should be spending a minimum of 5.2 billion NTD per year on pavements to keep them in good condition.
International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology
Protecting the pavement subgrade to increase the service life of road pavements is an aspect curr... more Protecting the pavement subgrade to increase the service life of road pavements is an aspect currently being explored. Several alternative pavement subbase materials are being considered, including Lightweight Cellular Concrete (LCC). Due to its lower weight, LCC incorporating industrial by-product, making it sustainable, and ease of use amongst other benefits, is seen as a potential candidate. This paper reports reviewing the potential application of LCC within the pavement structure with a specific application as a subbase. It examines the various properties such as modulus of elasticity, compressive and tensile strength, Water absorption, and freeze-thaw resistance necessary for pavement application. It also assesses its use in the field in Canada considering the design methods utilized. Some limitations and gaps for LCC application in pavements are also established and recommendations on how to further its use and performance. This review concludes that LCC possesses potential a...
ABSTRACT The simulation model used in this study is based on a construction project in Taiwan. In... more ABSTRACT The simulation model used in this study is based on a construction project in Taiwan. In this study, STROBOSCOPE and EZStrobe were used as discrete-event simulation software to assess the potential risk of the construction in terms of time and cost. The construction process, the unit cost of the resources, and the operation time of each activity were modelled based on the actual construction procedure. A total of 30 replications was required for each scenario. Scenarios with real-world data inputs and eight other models were simulated using the software. The best scenario with the lowest cost and competitive time was selected as the base model for a sensitivity analysis. During the Sensitivity Analysis, the best model 8-R was generated by changing the number of labourers to 13 and Excavators to 3. Compared to the real-world project, the total costs were reduced by 11% and the total time was reduced by 58%. Moreover, the result of risk analysis based on scenario 8-R demonstrated that using a number of labourers, trucks, excavators, rollers, millers, and pavers less than the quantities that were used in the real-world data, the associated risk in term of cost and time will exceed the real-world project cost.
This study investigated the pore structure and its effects on mechanical properties of lightweigh... more This study investigated the pore structure and its effects on mechanical properties of lightweight cellular concrete (LCC) in order to understand more and detailed characteristics of such structure. As part of investigation, environment scanning electron microscopes (ESEM) and industrial high-definition (HD) macro photography camera were separately used to capture and compare images of specimens. Physical properties of the pore structure, including pore area, size, perimeter, fit ellipse, and shape descriptors, were studied based on the image processing technology and software applications. Specimens with three different densities (400, 475, and 600 kg/m3) were prepared in the laboratory. Firstly, the effects of density on the characteristics of pore structure were investigated; furthermore, mechanical properties (compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of LCC) were tested. The relationships among pore charact...
ABSTRACT Pavement roughness has always been a concern for road users and highway agencies. The Di... more ABSTRACT Pavement roughness has always been a concern for road users and highway agencies. The Directorate General of Highways (DGH), which administers the Taiwan Provincial Highways, stated that the maintenance lane-kilometres it manages increase daily. In recent years, the Taiwan government has been investing a great deal of money in social and health care services while decreasing annual funding for infrastructure. DGH is no exception to these budget-cutting efforts and now faces the challenge of how to maintain an acceptable level of pavement roughness with limited funding. With this challenge in mind, the main objective of this study was to explore pavement roughness under various maintenance funding levels for the Taiwan Provincial Highway. First, the researchers visited all five Taiwan pavement maintenance offices and several branches to collect roughness data, annual financial reports and expert opinions. Then, life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA), specifically RealCost LCCA software was used to estimate an annual minimum budget for DGH. Taiwan local and typical data were used in this analysis. The results of the LCCA conducted in this study indicated that DGH should be spending a minimum of 5.2 billion NTD per year on pavements to keep them in good condition.
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