Franc Mihalic

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Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations: A Historical Overview of Engineering Challenges

Electronics

The design of modern industrial products is further improved through the hardware-in-the-loop (HI... more The design of modern industrial products is further improved through the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. Realistic simulation is enabled by the closed loop between the hardware under test (HUT) and real-time simulation. Such a system involves a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and digital signal processor (DSP). An HIL model can bypass serious damage to the real object, reduce debugging cost, and, finally, reduce the comprehensive effort during the testing. This paper provides a historical overview of HIL simulations through different engineering challenges, i.e., within automotive, power electronics systems, and different industrial drives. Various platforms, such as National Instruments, dSPACE, Typhoon HIL, or MATLAB Simulink Real-Time toolboxes and Speedgoat hardware systems, offer a powerful tool for efficient and successful investigations in different fields. Therefore, HIL simulation practice must begin already during the university’s education process to prepare t...

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Reduction of Ringing Losses in Flyback Converter by Using the RC-RCD Clamp Circuit

Original scientific paper Flyback converter is one of the most popular DC-DC converters for low p... more Original scientific paper Flyback converter is one of the most popular DC-DC converters for low power supply. Due to the transformer leakage inductance the converter suffers from the voltage spikes, which can be »controlled« by the dissipative RCD or non-dissipative LCD clamp circuits. Both of the clamp circuits consist of the diode. The diode reverse recovery charge causes the oscillation, which results in additional dissipation of the clamp circuitry. This paper describes this ringing phenomenon and the use of an RC-RCD clamp circuit for damping the clamp-diode's oscillation. This clamp circuit is capable for improving a flyback converter's power ratio.

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An Improved SPWM-Based Control with Over-Modulation Strategy of the Third Harmonic Elimination for a Single-Phase Inverter

Energies, 2018

In single-phase inverter systems (grid-connected, Uninterrupted Power Supply systems or motor dri... more In single-phase inverter systems (grid-connected, Uninterrupted Power Supply systems or motor drives), the high quality Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) factor must always be considered, along with the utilization rate of the DC link. In cases when the supplying DC voltage is reduced, the output voltage can still be assured constant in a limited range by using over-modulation. Unfortunately, this operation incurs fundamental frequency related higher order harmonics' force (especially the third is dominant) into the inverter output voltage, which is a huge drawback in almost all applications. This paper provides a comprehensive spectrum analysis of three-level output voltage in a single-phase inverter working in over-modulation regime. The output voltage is generated by triangular Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation (SPWM) and, based on the analytical results of a frequency spectrum evaluation, the opposite third harmonic component in the modulator unit forces this component in the output voltage close to zero. Other remaining higher harmonics can be attenuated more easily by using a smaller filter. Although the voltage gain of the fundamental harmonic component is lower at higher over-modulation, such a solution assures lower THD in the wide inverter's working range. The proposed SPWM procedure was validated experimentally.

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Third harmonic elimination by SPWM for filter reduction in a over-modulated single-phase inverter

2017 19th International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (EDPE), 2017

In the single-phase grid-connected inverter systems the high quality Total Harmonic Distortion (T... more In the single-phase grid-connected inverter systems the high quality Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) factor must always be considered. In cases, when the supplying voltage is reduced, the output voltage can still be assured constant in the limited range by using the over-modulation strategy that also enables better utilization of dc bus. Unfortunately, this operation incurs high order harmonics' force into the inverter output voltage, which is a huge drawback in almost all industrial applications. This paper provides a comprehensive spectrum analysis of three-level output voltage in a single-phase inverter in an over-modulation working regime. The output voltage is generated by triangular Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation (SPWM) and, based on the analytical results of a frequency spectrum evaluation the dominant 3rd harmonic could be eliminated while the rest higher harmonics can be easier attenuated by using smaller output filter and the THD is lower in the wide range.

Teaching Magnetic Component Design in Power Electronics Course using Project Based Learning Approach

Journal of Power Electronics, 2012

This paper presents the results and gained experiences from the Project Based Learning (PBL) of m... more This paper presents the results and gained experiences from the Project Based Learning (PBL) of magnetic component design within a Power Electronics Course. PBL was applied during the laboratory exercises through a design-project task based on a boost converter test board. The students were asked to calculate the main boost converter's circuit parameters' capacitor C and inductor L, and then additionally required to design and build-up the inductor L, in order to meet the project's goals. The whole PBL process relied on ideas from the CDIO (Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate), where the students are encouraged to consider the whole system's process, in order to obtain hands-on experience. PBL is known to be a motivating and problem-centered teaching method that gives students the ability to transfer their acquired scientific knowledge into industrial practice. It has the potential to help students cope with demanding complexities in the field, and those problems they will face in their future careers.

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Safe start-up procedures of isolated bi-directional DC-DC converter

Proceedings of 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPE-PEMC 2010, 2010

This paper presents a safe start-up procedures of an isolated bi-directional DC-DC converter in b... more This paper presents a safe start-up procedures of an isolated bi-directional DC-DC converter in buck and boost modes. This converter has been developed as a part of multifunctional up to 4 kW power supply system that uses a high voltage (450 V) DC-link. The isolated bi-directional DC-DC converter can charge 28 V batteries and supply auxiliary low voltage DC loads. Additionally, the isolated bidirectional converter can also draw power from the batteries or from truck's engine driven alternator to keep maintain the high voltage DC-link. Modulation strategies, start-up procedures and control of this converter have been validated by using the Matlab SymPowerSystems Toolboxes and finally, they have been also experimentally verified.

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Single phase unity power factor correction circuits with coupled inductance

PESC `92 Record. 23rd Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2000

The idea of using coupled inductance in single-phase diode rectifier power factor correction circ... more The idea of using coupled inductance in single-phase diode rectifier power factor correction circuits and the influence of the coupling factor on the current ripple are discussed. The circuit proposed for current shaping consists of a boost converter connected to the line and a buck converter connected to the output capacitor

The fuzzy state space controller for buck converter

The 8th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control, 2004. AMC '04., 2000

In this paper digitally controlled step down converter using fuzzy state space control law algori... more In this paper digitally controlled step down converter using fuzzy state space control law algorithms is studied. The state controller is designed to eliminate the start-up overshoot and reduce maximal dynamic error of load change response, but the state controller is not capable to eliminate the steady-state error under the load change condition. In order to improve this property two

Input Displacement Factor Correction for Three-Phase Three-Level AC to DC PWM-based Boost Rectifier

Automatika, 2001

PWM algorithm for three-phase three-level AC to DC boost rectifier

Isie 99 Proceedings of the Ieee International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Feb 1, 1999

This paper considers the connection between switching matrix function and pulse width modulation ... more This paper considers the connection between switching matrix function and pulse width modulation algorithm with emphasis on the unity power factor correction requirements for three-phase three-level AC to DC converter. Based on the switching matrix converter theory, the switching sequences for PWM of the three-phase three-level AC to DC converter (rectifier) have been developed. Such an approach enables the input displacement factor correction without an input current sensor. The necessary control variable is only the measured displacement angle between the input voltage and the input current

Korekcija faktora faznog pomaka trofaznog trorazinskog uzlaznog ispravljača zasnovanog na PWM-u

Automatika Casopis Za Automatiku Mjerenje Elektroniku Racunarstvo I Komunikacije, Oct 20, 2001

Pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy for a matrix structured three-phase three-level AC to DC bo... more Pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy for a matrix structured three-phase three-level AC to DC boost rectifier is developed. Such approach has been used on purpose to control the input displacement power factor close to unity. The connection between matrix switching function and PWM requirement very well describes all restrictions that occur in the modulation algorithm. This modulation algorithm enables the input displacement factor correction without an input current sensor. The only necessary control variable is the measured displacement angle between input voltage and input current.

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Conductive EMI reduction in DC-DC converters by using the randomized PWM

Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2005. ISIE 2005., 2005

Automatic ripple analysis of DC-DC converter

The IEEE Region 8 EUROCON 2003. Computer as a Tool., 2003

In this paper, a step down converter or Buck converter that is digitally controlled is presented.... more In this paper, a step down converter or Buck converter that is digitally controlled is presented. A National Instruments Data Acquisition (DAQ) board AT-MIO 16X was used for data acquisition. The Buck converter is controlled by the switching of the transistor in the circuit. The transistor was controlled using a digital output of the DAQ board and the output voltage

Analysis of switching power converter by using a switching matrix approach

ABSTRACT Power electronics is a branch of electrical and electronic engineering concerned with th... more ABSTRACT Power electronics is a branch of electrical and electronic engineering concerned with the analysis, design, manufacture and application of switching power converters. Power converters are devices interposed between sources of electrical energy and loads which usually convert that energy to some other form, where efficiency has always been a cardinal consideration in their design and application. The energy conversion function can be implemented in four basic forms: AC/AC; AC/DC; DC/AC; and DC/DC. The most general case is polyphase AC to polyphase AC. Each conversion function corresponds to the appropriate power converter; one can deduce that if a converter topology is postulated to implement the most general function, a polyphase AC to polyphase AC, then power converter topologies capable of implementing all other functions can be derived therefrom. A topology postulated to fulfill the most general function is called the general switching matrix; all other power converter topologies can be derived from it by applying the appropriate functional restriction leading to topological simplifications

Wide-band frequency analysis of the randomized boost rectifier

2000 IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37018), 2000

... Another solution for improving the harmonic spectrum of the input ci.irrc?iit is oEcwd by usi... more

IGBT SPICE macro model

Proceedings of the 1992 International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, Instrumentation, and Automation, 1992

The complete SPICE macro model of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is described. With... more The complete SPICE macro model of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is described. With a special computer program, the complete macro model of the IGBT for the SPICE simulator has been computed. After the resistive and the dynamic SPICE macro models have been developed and compared with the data sheets, the complete SPICE macro model was simulated and verified with experimental results

The RC-RCD Clamp Circuit for Fly-Back Converter

Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2005. ISIE 2005., 2005

ABSTRACT Fly-back converter is one of the most popular DC-DC converters for low power supply. Due... more ABSTRACT Fly-back converter is one of the most popular DC-DC converters for low power supply. Due to the transformer leakage inductance the converter suffer with the voltage spikes, which can be &quot;controlled&quot; by the dissipative RCD or non-dissipative LCD clamp circuits. Both of the clamp circuits consists the diode. The diode reverse recovery charge causes the oscillation, which results in additional dissipation of the clamp circuitry. The RC-RCD clamp circuit is used for damping the oscillation caused by clamp diode and consequently the dissipation in the circuitry is lower.

Unity power-factor rectification for an AC motor drive

[1991 Proceedings] 6th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, 1991

Nonlinear characteristics of switching power supplies cause unwanted disturbances in the current ... more Nonlinear characteristics of switching power supplies cause unwanted disturbances in the current network. The basic boost converter is used between the single-phase front-end diode rectifier and DC-to-AC inverter for three-phase AC motors drives. The proposed control method is used in the simulation program for shaping the input current and controlling the input power factor (cos φ=1). This so-called active filter

Improved EMC of Switched-Mode Power Converters with Randomized Modulation

Automatika ‒ Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing and Communications, 2012

This paper surveys some analytical and experimental results concerning different randomized modul... more This paper surveys some analytical and experimental results concerning different randomized modulation strategies in switched-mode power converters (SMPCs). After a short review of practical experiences within the literature it presents the benefits of several randomized schemes for power converters (i.e. reduced electromagnetic interference -EMI, and lower acoustic noise). It also introduces the mathematical background for dealing with randomized modulation within the medium-frequency range: power spectrum density (PSD). Finally, the EMI measurements confirm the improved EMC performances of the randomized boost rectifier, as also in the DC-DC buck converter.

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The AC to HF-AC resonant link converter

Proceedings of PESC '95 - Power Electronics Specialist Conference, 1995

The term HF-AC resonant link converters usually denotes a circuit, whose main part is a resonant ... more The term HF-AC resonant link converters usually denotes a circuit, whose main part is a resonant tank circuit. The main goal of designers of such circuits is to reach a constant magnitude of output voltage with constant frequency and independence of load conditions. In this paper the possibility of maintenance of the constant HF-AC voltage on parallel resonant circuits (frequency

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations: A Historical Overview of Engineering Challenges

Electronics

Download

Reduction of Ringing Losses in Flyback Converter by Using the RC-RCD Clamp Circuit

Download

An Improved SPWM-Based Control with Over-Modulation Strategy of the Third Harmonic Elimination for a Single-Phase Inverter

Energies, 2018

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Third harmonic elimination by SPWM for filter reduction in a over-modulated single-phase inverter

2017 19th International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (EDPE), 2017

Teaching Magnetic Component Design in Power Electronics Course using Project Based Learning Approach

Journal of Power Electronics, 2012

Download

Safe start-up procedures of isolated bi-directional DC-DC converter

Proceedings of 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPE-PEMC 2010, 2010

Download

Single phase unity power factor correction circuits with coupled inductance

PESC `92 Record. 23rd Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2000

The fuzzy state space controller for buck converter

The 8th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control, 2004. AMC '04., 2000

Input Displacement Factor Correction for Three-Phase Three-Level AC to DC PWM-based Boost Rectifier

Automatika, 2001

PWM algorithm for three-phase three-level AC to DC boost rectifier

Isie 99 Proceedings of the Ieee International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Feb 1, 1999

Korekcija faktora faznog pomaka trofaznog trorazinskog uzlaznog ispravljača zasnovanog na PWM-u

Automatika Casopis Za Automatiku Mjerenje Elektroniku Racunarstvo I Komunikacije, Oct 20, 2001

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Conductive EMI reduction in DC-DC converters by using the randomized PWM

Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2005. ISIE 2005., 2005

Automatic ripple analysis of DC-DC converter

The IEEE Region 8 EUROCON 2003. Computer as a Tool., 2003

Analysis of switching power converter by using a switching matrix approach

Wide-band frequency analysis of the randomized boost rectifier

2000 IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37018), 2000

... Another solution for improving the harmonic spectrum of the input ci.irrc?iit is oEcwd by usi... more

IGBT SPICE macro model

Proceedings of the 1992 International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, Instrumentation, and Automation, 1992

The RC-RCD Clamp Circuit for Fly-Back Converter

Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2005. ISIE 2005., 2005

Unity power-factor rectification for an AC motor drive

[1991 Proceedings] 6th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, 1991

Improved EMC of Switched-Mode Power Converters with Randomized Modulation

Automatika ‒ Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing and Communications, 2012

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The AC to HF-AC resonant link converter

Proceedings of PESC '95 - Power Electronics Specialist Conference, 1995

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