Papers by Florinda Artuso
Atmospheric Environment, Jun 1, 2009
The study of the CO 2 15-year records at Lampedusa (35 31 0 N, 12 37 0 E) is presented in this wo... more The study of the CO 2 15-year records at Lampedusa (35 31 0 N, 12 37 0 E) is presented in this work. Shortand long-term CO 2 variability has been investigated. No significant diurnal variations are observable thus remarking the background character and representativeness of the observation site. The CO 2 long-term trend shows a mean linear growth rate (GR) of 1.9 ppm yr À1. The periodic behaviour of the time series has been analysed and the mean seasonal cycle amplitude has been found to be 8.72 ppm. The seasonal cycle amplitude shows a marked interannual variability. The lowest value of the seasonal cycle amplitude has been detected in 2003, in concomitance with the strong anomalous heat wave recorded in Europe. CO 2 GR behaviour has been related to global processes such as El Niñ o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and global temperature (T g). The influence of ENSO event on GR is remarkable only during 1998. CO 2 GR curve shows peaks in the periods 1995, 2001 and 2005 (1.9, 3.7, 3.2 ppm yr À1 respectively) that are characterized by high T g values and by intense biomass burning events. The anomalous decrease in the GR during the warm 2003 has been attributed to changes in the atmospheric circulation regime. Evaluation of the influence of transport on CO 2 variability has been carried out using backward air-mass trajectory analysis and highlights the effect of the regional distribution of sources and sinks. The industrial activities and forests located in the Eastern European and Russian sector strongly affect the CO 2 mixing ratio. The CO 2 content of air-masses originating from this region is influenced in summertime by the high efficiency of the vegetation sink while in the winter period prevails the effect of industrial emissions.
Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Jul 8, 2013
HCFC-22 (CHClF 2 , chlorodifluoromethane) is an ozone-depleting substance, the consumption of whi... more HCFC-22 (CHClF 2 , chlorodifluoromethane) is an ozone-depleting substance, the consumption of which is controlled under the Montreal Protocol. Within a Bayesian inversion framework, we use measurements of HCFC-22 atmospheric concentrations to constrain estimates of HCFC-22 emissions, at the grid point 3.75 ı 2.5 ı and 8 day resolution, from January 1995 to December 2010. Starting from a new gridded bottom-up inventory which is then optimized, our method shows continuously rising global emissions, from 182˙11 Gg in 1995 to the maximum of 410˙9 Gg in 2009. This is mainly due to an increase of emissions in developing regions, particularly in Eastern Asia, and occurs despite the current phase-out in developed countries. The high temporal resolution of our inversion (8 day) allows to reveal some of the emission seasonality, the global posterior sources ranging from 25 Gg/month in November to 42 Gg/month in July, for example, in 2010.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2001
In this work the thermal stability of the electronic surface passivation of remote plasmaenhanced... more In this work the thermal stability of the electronic surface passivation of remote plasmaenhanced chemical vapour deposited (RPECVD) silicon nitride (SiN) "lms is investigated with the aim to establish a cost-e!ective screen-printing and "ring-through-the-SiN process for bifacial silicon (Si) solar cells. As a key result, RPECVD SiN "lms provide an excellently thermally stable surface passivation quality if they feature a refractive index in the range between 2.0 and 2.2. After a short anneal above 8503C the surface recombination velocity on 1.5 cm p-type #oat-zone (FZ) Si remains at a very low level of about 20 cm/s. First bifacial silicon solar cells with screen-printed rear contacts on 1.5 cm p-type FZ Si yield a very promising rear e$ciency of 13.4%.
American Geophysical Union eBooks, Feb 1, 2016
Results show that scale differences are modest for most species. For example, five CFC-12 scales ... more Results show that scale differences are modest for most species. For example, five CFC-12 scales agree to within ~2% (2 std. dev.). Several labs reported good precision, such that small conentration differences between cylinders were observed by most labs. Each pair of ambient-level cylinders distributed contained cylinders filled in opposite seasons. Seasonal features were observed in almost all of the HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b data.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2015
The 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HFC‐134a), an important alternative to CFC‐12 in accordance with t... more The 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HFC‐134a), an important alternative to CFC‐12 in accordance with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, is a high global warming potential greenhouse gas. Here we evaluate variations in global and regional HFC‐134a emissions and emission trends, from 1995 to 2010, at a relatively high spatial and temporal (3.75° in longitude × 2.5° in latitude and 8 day) resolution, using surface HFC‐134a measurements. Our results show a progressive increase of global HFC‐134a emissions from 19 ± 2 Gg/yr in 1995 to 167 ± 5 Gg/yr in 2010, with both a slowdown in developed countries and a 20%/yr increase in China since 2005. A seasonal cycle is also seen since 2002, which becomes enhanced over time, with larger values during the boreal summer.
The importance of greenhouse gas (GHG) impact on global warming and climate change has been world... more The importance of greenhouse gas (GHG) impact on global warming and climate change has been worldwide assessed by the scientific community and emphasized in the last Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report. Long-term observations of global atmospheric levels and trends of GHGs are extremely important to understand the causes of the recent interannual variations and to estimate their future impact on the radiative balance. Since 1992 records of CO2, the main GHG, have been monitored by ENEA at the remote Mediterranean island of Lampedusa (35.5°N, 12.6°E). Measurements were started on a weekly basis and are now run continuously. In 1996, a permanent Station for Climate Observations was established on the island, and the detection of additional radiative forcing species was started. Measurements of the main GHGs such as CH4, N2O and the ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 and CFC-12, are now routinely carried out both weekly and in continuous. CFC replacement com...
Measurements of atmospheric methane and other greenhous gases are routinely carried out at the mo... more Measurements of atmospheric methane and other greenhous gases are routinely carried out at the monitoring station of Lampedusa (35.5°N, 12.6°E), in the Mediterranean sea. Methane measurements obtained during the period June 1995 - September 2005 are presented. The 10-year long CH4 record shows a distinct annual cycle with a maximum in March and a minimum in late summer. The cycle amplitude is about 30 ppb. In the period of investigation the CH4 growth rate (GR) shows two positive peaks, the first in 1998 with about 20 ppb/yr, and the second at the end of 2001 with 15 ppbv/yr. A sharp minimum of -15 ppbv/yr occurs in April 2000. The GR remains stable around zero (±5) after mid 2002. The methane GR and global temperature decrease and rise in phase, and display a positive correlation coefficient of 0.72. Enhanced emissions from wetlands in periods of unusually high temperatures, as well as increased emissions from intense biomass biomass burning events, may have contibuted to the GR pe...
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2013
HCFC‒22 (CHClF2, chlorodifluoromethane) is an ozone‒depleting substance, the consumption of which... more HCFC‒22 (CHClF2, chlorodifluoromethane) is an ozone‒depleting substance, the consumption of which is controlled under the Montreal Protocol. Within a Bayesian inversion framework, we use measurements of HCFC‒22 atmospheric concentrations to constrain estimates of HCFC‒22 emissions, at the grid point 3.75°×2.5° and 8 day resolution, from January 1995 to December 2010. Starting from a new gridded bottom‒up inventory which is then optimized, our method shows continuously rising global emissions, from 182±11 Gg in 1995 to the maximum of 410±9 Gg in 2009. This is mainly due to an increase of emissions in developing regions, particularly in Eastern Asia, and occurs despite the current phase‒out in developed countries. The high temporal resolution of our inversion (8 day) allows to reveal some of the emission seasonality, the global posterior sources ranging from 25 Gg/month in November to 42 Gg/month in July, for example, in 2010.
Uploads
Papers by Florinda Artuso