Objectives: Antibiotics are key drugs which are used for the treatment of infectious disease and ... more Objectives: Antibiotics are key drugs which are used for the treatment of infectious disease and are among the drug that are most frequently prescribe in pediatric patients. This study was designed to assess antibiotics utilization patterns in pediatric ward of a tertiary care teaching unit, Peshawar. Study Design: A retrospective cross sectional study. Setting: Pediatric ward by evaluating antibiotics utilization patterns in pediatric ward of a tertiary care teaching unite, Peshawar. Period: January, 2017 up to March, 2017. Method: Results: There were 219 patients included in the study. In this study, the major medical conditions for which antibiotics were prescribed include pneumonia (23.28%). The most commonly used antibiotics were ceftriaxone, 46.21%, while the most commonly prescribed multiple antibiotics were ceftriaxone plus ampicillin (21.9%) followed by Ceftriaxone & Metronidazole. The average number of antibiotics per prescription was 1.75. At least 114 (52%) patients were...
The main objective of this research is to integrate the resource-based view (RBV) to analyse how ... more The main objective of this research is to integrate the resource-based view (RBV) to analyse how the relationship between firm performance and entrepreneurial orientation is mediated by outbound innovation among furniture firms in Malaysia. Research Design & Methods: In this research, data has been poised via questionnaire from the furniture firms in Johor state, Malaysia. In this study, 391 responses were considered and analysed. The partial least squares (PLS) model was employed to test the hypothetical relationships among entrepreneurial orientation, firm performance and outbound innovation intention to adopt open innovation practices. Findings: Research findings show that innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, risk-taking, outbound innovation are statistically significant factors influencing entrepreneurial orientation and open innovation adoption among furniture companies in Malaysia. However, autonomy and proactiveness do not have significant effects on entrepreneurial orientation and open innovation adoption intention. Implications & Recommendations: Few implications that are significant for academics and practitioners are also debated according to research findings. This research can serve as a guideline for successfully implementing entrepreneurial orientation and open innovation among furniture firms in an emerging economy. Thus, offering an external knowledge search-collaboration mechanisms-superior performance framework. Through using this open approach, companies will seek to find opportuni9es for crea9vity that go beyond their current capabilities to dramatically boost success. Contribution & Value Added: This research, expanding the open innovation (OI) paradigm, explicates and measures the impact of OI's direct and mediating inputs on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance. The results are consistent with the current OI literature demonstrating the complex connection among together outbound innovation and EO dimensions and firm performance by investigating Malaysian furniture manufacturers by building scales and evaluating their validity by developing outbound innovation. The initial findings are direct ties between entrepreneurial orientation dimensions with business performance and outbound open innovation. All the indirect (mediation) relations among the study variables were the second part of the results.
2432 IMPACT OF SOFT POWER FACTORS ON EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH AND EAST ASIAN... more 2432 IMPACT OF SOFT POWER FACTORS ON EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH AND EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES Mehran Bacha, Fazli Wadood, Fazal Akbar [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Bahria Business School, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan Department of Management Sciences University of Buner Pakistan Faculty of Technology Management and Business UTHM Malaysia Abstract This paper aims to examine the impact of soft power factors on exchange rate volatility of South and East Asian countries. In past, very limited research work has been done regarding soft power factors and their relationship with exchange rate volatility in South and East Asian countries. This paper is an attempt to explore how soft power factors (including governance variables, population variables, education variables, financial variables, and economic growth variables) capturing countries influence components of exchange rate volatility. However, present paper has used monthl...
Objectives; Leadership become one of the most important topic among behavioral scientist and mana... more Objectives; Leadership become one of the most important topic among behavioral scientist and management researchers. The current research study try to investigate the relationship between transactional, transformational styles of leadership in paying way for Quality Management (QM) Practices in Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa SME’s sector. For this purpose, data was collected from manufacturing sector through adapted version of questionnaires. In first stage CFA was conducted to remove item having lower loading. In the next stage through SEM analysis was performed. Results indicate that During CFA analysis most of the components of the adopted construct were removed due to poor fit model. As a result, the original concept of the adopted construct was renamed on the basis of retained factors. During SEM analysis the hypothetical relationship were partially supported, and results indicate that for the smooth functioning of manufacturing sector of SME’s it is strongly recommended to adopt the mod...
Pilot testing is the most appropriate tool and play indispensable role while conducting large sca... more Pilot testing is the most appropriate tool and play indispensable role while conducting large scale survey to increase the reliability, validity and practicability of the questionnaire, especially in management, social sciences and education studies. Although there are several widely adopted rules of thumb regarding the respondents of pilot testing in respective circumstances like ‘How to conduct and whom to include in the sample?’ is one of the most frequently asked questions in survey research. The prime aim of this study is to provide clear guidelines for future researchers to increase their research reliability. In the first phase we have reviewed and discussed different pilot studies. Secondly, we reviewed the suggested and adopted rules related to pilot testing. In the last, we present the findings/guidelines based on analysis of the different studies. This step to by step guidelines does not provide only researchers the basic understanding of how to conduct pilot testing but ...
International Journal of Business and Management, 2010
This study examines the relationships between hotel service quality failure, customer perceived v... more This study examines the relationships between hotel service quality failure, customer perceived value, revitalization of service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty in the hotel industry. A quantitative technique was used to collect data in this study. A number of findings were gathered through the survey of 105 hotel guests in Penang, Malaysia. The findings indicate that hotel revitalization of service quality had positive effects on customer loyalty, while perceived value and customer satisfaction were two significant variables that mediated the relationships between hotel service quality and customer loyalty. It was also found that hotel service quality had no profound and direct effects, but indirect positive effects on customer satisfaction. The recommendations for future research were also discussed in this study.
SMEs plays as a back bone and breathing apparatus for the economic growth and sustainability of c... more SMEs plays as a back bone and breathing apparatus for the economic growth and sustainability of country economy. In the present competitive world, the economy of a country will be unwavering if they give importance to SMEs. The focus of this study is on a Very Small and Medium Enterprises (VSMEs). Many studies conducted and favoring the retention of skilled and talented employees. However, in this study, we want to investigate that in the case of VSMEs every employee can affect the innovativeness of VSMEs. Therefore we ...
OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, Jan 23, 2012
Abstract: SMEs play a vital role in the most developing and developed nation. His role in the dev... more Abstract: SMEs play a vital role in the most developing and developed nation. His role in the development of the economic growth and sustainability has been widely recognized. Due to its importance much emphasis has been put in through research and publication. Most research has covered on the characteristics of SMEs, its role in the economic development and its challenges in today's competitive world. Consequently this paper focus on the uniqueness of the technology base SMEs. This study mainly focus on those SMEs which ...
The area of innovation has received much attention from the literature. However the characteristi... more The area of innovation has received much attention from the literature. However the characteristics of innovative SMEs are still unclear. Hence, this research's purpose is to provide a list of comparative analysis between innovative SMEs and ordinary SMEs. This is a qualitative research and 13 interviews have been conducted. This paper reported only one interview. The analysis is using Miles and Huberman (1994) techniques. The finding can be scanned as a guideline for government and policy makers to understand and to be more focus on the innovativeness among SMEs.
Small businesses are privately owned corporations, partnership, or sole proprietorship that have ... more Small businesses are privately owned corporations, partnership, or sole proprietorship that have less personnel and/or a smaller amount of annual income than a regular business and corporation. Small businesses in many nations contain services or retail operations such as convenience stores, small grocery stores, bakeries, restaurants, guest houses, photographers, very small scale manufacturing and internet project and computer program design. Many businesses can start at a little cost and on a part-time base, while an individual lasts a regular profession with a company or arrange for care family members at home. In emerging countries, numerous small businesses are sole-proprietor processes such as vending products at a market kiosk or making hot food to sell on the streets that provide a suitable income.
What kind of innovative competences is adopted by SMEs of Pakistan? Although previous studies sug... more What kind of innovative competences is adopted by SMEs of Pakistan? Although previous studies suggest that innovative competencies play a significant role in firm innovativeness and competitiveness. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the major driving economic forces for many developing countries and least-developed countries. Pakistan is not an exception to that. The economy of Pakistan is largely depending on small organization. Due to their importance, much emphasis has been given by government and researchers. However, the focus of this study is to provide a conceptual framework for the innovativeness of SMEs of Pakistan.
Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination test (SAT) were used to monitor the seropre... more Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination test (SAT) were used to monitor the seroprevalence of brucellosis in horses in and around Faisalabad, Pakistan. Sera were screened by RBPT and positive or doubtful sera were further processed by SAT for confirmation. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in horses was 20.7 and 17.7% by RBPT and SAT, respectively. Source wise seroprevalence of brucellosis was 19.8, 25.5, 2.9 and 0% in horses of Remount Area Faisalabad, Remount Area Toba Tek Singh, private and Livestock Management Department University of Agriculture Faisalabad, respectively. Sex wise seroprevalence in horses was 9.67 and 17.7% in male and female, respectively. In relation to age, seroprevalence was 12.9, 16.5, 14.8 and 20.6%, in horses of 1-5, 6-10, 11-15 and above 15 years of age, respectively. Highest seroprevalence was recorded in horses of above 15 years of age. Depending upon the body condition, the seroprevalence was 9.7, 13, and 20% in poor fair, and go...
This paper aim to explore that niche marketing strategy are beneficial for smaller firms, as they... more This paper aim to explore that niche marketing strategy are beneficial for smaller firms, as they dont have much resources for advertisement. The companies that have adopted niche marketing starategy are enjoying big market share. Globalization forces companies to do search for something new and unique which differentiate them from their competators. As normal in presence, that company stay long in the market whose have knowledge of customers and also offering a unique product. Most important the niches strategy is the knowledge of customers that drives the niche starategy, by understanding and serving the needs of niche market better than any other firms, and awareness of the customers help to safegaurd the customers loyalty.
The main objective of this study is to verify the impact of entrepreneurial orientation dimension... more The main objective of this study is to verify the impact of entrepreneurial orientation dimension on firm performance of furniture industry in Malaysia. Research Design & Methods: In this study, we used a quantitative research method and collected data through a questionnaire from 391 furniture manufacturing company owners and managers, while following purposive sampling approach. The collected data was analysed using structural equation (Partial Least Square). To measure five entrepreneurial orientation dimensions, we adopted specific measuring instruments. Findings: The study shows that the three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation-i.e. innovation, risk-taking, and competitive aggressiveness-make unique statistical contributions to the considered model. Findings indicate low levels of autonomy and proactiveness. However, the entrepreneurial orientation and FP models significantly influence the unique contribution of individual entrepreneurial activities in the Malaysian furniture industry. Implications & Recommendations: This article aims to fill the gaps in entrepreneurial orientation and performance literature within Malaysia's context. This article provides relationship information among performance and entrepreneurial orientation existence, allowing policy-makers and management interventions to improve OE levels. Contribution & Value Added: This study indicates that there exists a strong entrepreneurial orientation among Malaysian manufacturers, which furthermore establishes and provides basis for future research, as entrepreneurial orientation strongly impacts firm performance. The article is the first one to study complete entrepreneurial orientation dimensions as uni-dimensional in Malaysian manufacturing context. Article type: research article
Objectives: Antibiotics are key drugs which are used for the treatment of infectious disease and ... more Objectives: Antibiotics are key drugs which are used for the treatment of infectious disease and are among the drug that are most frequently prescribe in pediatric patients. This study was designed to assess antibiotics utilization patterns in pediatric ward of a tertiary care teaching unit, Peshawar. Study Design: A retrospective cross sectional study. Setting: Pediatric ward by evaluating antibiotics utilization patterns in pediatric ward of a tertiary care teaching unite, Peshawar. Period: January, 2017 up to March, 2017. Method: Results: There were 219 patients included in the study. In this study, the major medical conditions for which antibiotics were prescribed include pneumonia (23.28%). The most commonly used antibiotics were ceftriaxone, 46.21%, while the most commonly prescribed multiple antibiotics were ceftriaxone plus ampicillin (21.9%) followed by Ceftriaxone & Metronidazole. The average number of antibiotics per prescription was 1.75. At least 114 (52%) patients were...
The main objective of this research is to integrate the resource-based view (RBV) to analyse how ... more The main objective of this research is to integrate the resource-based view (RBV) to analyse how the relationship between firm performance and entrepreneurial orientation is mediated by outbound innovation among furniture firms in Malaysia. Research Design & Methods: In this research, data has been poised via questionnaire from the furniture firms in Johor state, Malaysia. In this study, 391 responses were considered and analysed. The partial least squares (PLS) model was employed to test the hypothetical relationships among entrepreneurial orientation, firm performance and outbound innovation intention to adopt open innovation practices. Findings: Research findings show that innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, risk-taking, outbound innovation are statistically significant factors influencing entrepreneurial orientation and open innovation adoption among furniture companies in Malaysia. However, autonomy and proactiveness do not have significant effects on entrepreneurial orientation and open innovation adoption intention. Implications & Recommendations: Few implications that are significant for academics and practitioners are also debated according to research findings. This research can serve as a guideline for successfully implementing entrepreneurial orientation and open innovation among furniture firms in an emerging economy. Thus, offering an external knowledge search-collaboration mechanisms-superior performance framework. Through using this open approach, companies will seek to find opportuni9es for crea9vity that go beyond their current capabilities to dramatically boost success. Contribution & Value Added: This research, expanding the open innovation (OI) paradigm, explicates and measures the impact of OI's direct and mediating inputs on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance. The results are consistent with the current OI literature demonstrating the complex connection among together outbound innovation and EO dimensions and firm performance by investigating Malaysian furniture manufacturers by building scales and evaluating their validity by developing outbound innovation. The initial findings are direct ties between entrepreneurial orientation dimensions with business performance and outbound open innovation. All the indirect (mediation) relations among the study variables were the second part of the results.
2432 IMPACT OF SOFT POWER FACTORS ON EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH AND EAST ASIAN... more 2432 IMPACT OF SOFT POWER FACTORS ON EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH AND EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES Mehran Bacha, Fazli Wadood, Fazal Akbar [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Bahria Business School, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan Department of Management Sciences University of Buner Pakistan Faculty of Technology Management and Business UTHM Malaysia Abstract This paper aims to examine the impact of soft power factors on exchange rate volatility of South and East Asian countries. In past, very limited research work has been done regarding soft power factors and their relationship with exchange rate volatility in South and East Asian countries. This paper is an attempt to explore how soft power factors (including governance variables, population variables, education variables, financial variables, and economic growth variables) capturing countries influence components of exchange rate volatility. However, present paper has used monthl...
Objectives; Leadership become one of the most important topic among behavioral scientist and mana... more Objectives; Leadership become one of the most important topic among behavioral scientist and management researchers. The current research study try to investigate the relationship between transactional, transformational styles of leadership in paying way for Quality Management (QM) Practices in Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa SME’s sector. For this purpose, data was collected from manufacturing sector through adapted version of questionnaires. In first stage CFA was conducted to remove item having lower loading. In the next stage through SEM analysis was performed. Results indicate that During CFA analysis most of the components of the adopted construct were removed due to poor fit model. As a result, the original concept of the adopted construct was renamed on the basis of retained factors. During SEM analysis the hypothetical relationship were partially supported, and results indicate that for the smooth functioning of manufacturing sector of SME’s it is strongly recommended to adopt the mod...
Pilot testing is the most appropriate tool and play indispensable role while conducting large sca... more Pilot testing is the most appropriate tool and play indispensable role while conducting large scale survey to increase the reliability, validity and practicability of the questionnaire, especially in management, social sciences and education studies. Although there are several widely adopted rules of thumb regarding the respondents of pilot testing in respective circumstances like ‘How to conduct and whom to include in the sample?’ is one of the most frequently asked questions in survey research. The prime aim of this study is to provide clear guidelines for future researchers to increase their research reliability. In the first phase we have reviewed and discussed different pilot studies. Secondly, we reviewed the suggested and adopted rules related to pilot testing. In the last, we present the findings/guidelines based on analysis of the different studies. This step to by step guidelines does not provide only researchers the basic understanding of how to conduct pilot testing but ...
International Journal of Business and Management, 2010
This study examines the relationships between hotel service quality failure, customer perceived v... more This study examines the relationships between hotel service quality failure, customer perceived value, revitalization of service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty in the hotel industry. A quantitative technique was used to collect data in this study. A number of findings were gathered through the survey of 105 hotel guests in Penang, Malaysia. The findings indicate that hotel revitalization of service quality had positive effects on customer loyalty, while perceived value and customer satisfaction were two significant variables that mediated the relationships between hotel service quality and customer loyalty. It was also found that hotel service quality had no profound and direct effects, but indirect positive effects on customer satisfaction. The recommendations for future research were also discussed in this study.
SMEs plays as a back bone and breathing apparatus for the economic growth and sustainability of c... more SMEs plays as a back bone and breathing apparatus for the economic growth and sustainability of country economy. In the present competitive world, the economy of a country will be unwavering if they give importance to SMEs. The focus of this study is on a Very Small and Medium Enterprises (VSMEs). Many studies conducted and favoring the retention of skilled and talented employees. However, in this study, we want to investigate that in the case of VSMEs every employee can affect the innovativeness of VSMEs. Therefore we ...
OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, Jan 23, 2012
Abstract: SMEs play a vital role in the most developing and developed nation. His role in the dev... more Abstract: SMEs play a vital role in the most developing and developed nation. His role in the development of the economic growth and sustainability has been widely recognized. Due to its importance much emphasis has been put in through research and publication. Most research has covered on the characteristics of SMEs, its role in the economic development and its challenges in today's competitive world. Consequently this paper focus on the uniqueness of the technology base SMEs. This study mainly focus on those SMEs which ...
The area of innovation has received much attention from the literature. However the characteristi... more The area of innovation has received much attention from the literature. However the characteristics of innovative SMEs are still unclear. Hence, this research's purpose is to provide a list of comparative analysis between innovative SMEs and ordinary SMEs. This is a qualitative research and 13 interviews have been conducted. This paper reported only one interview. The analysis is using Miles and Huberman (1994) techniques. The finding can be scanned as a guideline for government and policy makers to understand and to be more focus on the innovativeness among SMEs.
Small businesses are privately owned corporations, partnership, or sole proprietorship that have ... more Small businesses are privately owned corporations, partnership, or sole proprietorship that have less personnel and/or a smaller amount of annual income than a regular business and corporation. Small businesses in many nations contain services or retail operations such as convenience stores, small grocery stores, bakeries, restaurants, guest houses, photographers, very small scale manufacturing and internet project and computer program design. Many businesses can start at a little cost and on a part-time base, while an individual lasts a regular profession with a company or arrange for care family members at home. In emerging countries, numerous small businesses are sole-proprietor processes such as vending products at a market kiosk or making hot food to sell on the streets that provide a suitable income.
What kind of innovative competences is adopted by SMEs of Pakistan? Although previous studies sug... more What kind of innovative competences is adopted by SMEs of Pakistan? Although previous studies suggest that innovative competencies play a significant role in firm innovativeness and competitiveness. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the major driving economic forces for many developing countries and least-developed countries. Pakistan is not an exception to that. The economy of Pakistan is largely depending on small organization. Due to their importance, much emphasis has been given by government and researchers. However, the focus of this study is to provide a conceptual framework for the innovativeness of SMEs of Pakistan.
Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination test (SAT) were used to monitor the seropre... more Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination test (SAT) were used to monitor the seroprevalence of brucellosis in horses in and around Faisalabad, Pakistan. Sera were screened by RBPT and positive or doubtful sera were further processed by SAT for confirmation. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in horses was 20.7 and 17.7% by RBPT and SAT, respectively. Source wise seroprevalence of brucellosis was 19.8, 25.5, 2.9 and 0% in horses of Remount Area Faisalabad, Remount Area Toba Tek Singh, private and Livestock Management Department University of Agriculture Faisalabad, respectively. Sex wise seroprevalence in horses was 9.67 and 17.7% in male and female, respectively. In relation to age, seroprevalence was 12.9, 16.5, 14.8 and 20.6%, in horses of 1-5, 6-10, 11-15 and above 15 years of age, respectively. Highest seroprevalence was recorded in horses of above 15 years of age. Depending upon the body condition, the seroprevalence was 9.7, 13, and 20% in poor fair, and go...
This paper aim to explore that niche marketing strategy are beneficial for smaller firms, as they... more This paper aim to explore that niche marketing strategy are beneficial for smaller firms, as they dont have much resources for advertisement. The companies that have adopted niche marketing starategy are enjoying big market share. Globalization forces companies to do search for something new and unique which differentiate them from their competators. As normal in presence, that company stay long in the market whose have knowledge of customers and also offering a unique product. Most important the niches strategy is the knowledge of customers that drives the niche starategy, by understanding and serving the needs of niche market better than any other firms, and awareness of the customers help to safegaurd the customers loyalty.
The main objective of this study is to verify the impact of entrepreneurial orientation dimension... more The main objective of this study is to verify the impact of entrepreneurial orientation dimension on firm performance of furniture industry in Malaysia. Research Design & Methods: In this study, we used a quantitative research method and collected data through a questionnaire from 391 furniture manufacturing company owners and managers, while following purposive sampling approach. The collected data was analysed using structural equation (Partial Least Square). To measure five entrepreneurial orientation dimensions, we adopted specific measuring instruments. Findings: The study shows that the three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation-i.e. innovation, risk-taking, and competitive aggressiveness-make unique statistical contributions to the considered model. Findings indicate low levels of autonomy and proactiveness. However, the entrepreneurial orientation and FP models significantly influence the unique contribution of individual entrepreneurial activities in the Malaysian furniture industry. Implications & Recommendations: This article aims to fill the gaps in entrepreneurial orientation and performance literature within Malaysia's context. This article provides relationship information among performance and entrepreneurial orientation existence, allowing policy-makers and management interventions to improve OE levels. Contribution & Value Added: This study indicates that there exists a strong entrepreneurial orientation among Malaysian manufacturers, which furthermore establishes and provides basis for future research, as entrepreneurial orientation strongly impacts firm performance. The article is the first one to study complete entrepreneurial orientation dimensions as uni-dimensional in Malaysian manufacturing context. Article type: research article
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