European Journal of English Language and Literature Studies
Jose Saramago is believed to possess unique form of writing style which is both defined as compli... more Jose Saramago is believed to possess unique form of writing style which is both defined as complicated and easy to read at the same time. Certain elements have their share in such effect; however, central emphasize of present study is on punctuation and particular use of different punctuations in Blindness. The original book is in Portuguese but English translation by Giovanni Pontiero is the main focus of present study. Theories for the present study is a combination of Nunberg (1990) and Briscoe (1995). Employing descriptive analytical method, punctuations are grouped into 7 categories followed by explanation and examples from the text. The results revealed that particular use of punctuation in the text is unique and extraordinary, and it has a significant impact on both complexity of the text and style of the writer.
Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 2018
This study analyzes the outstanding satirist Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse five to demonst... more This study analyzes the outstanding satirist Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse five to demonstrate how the elements of Gallows Humor are applied to provide a better understanding of the author's worldview and of his narrative process. This is an anti-war book in which Vonnegut has attempted to blend the serious theme with humor. Through the choice of his protagonist-Billy Pilgrim-and the manipulation of black humor, Vonnegut exposes the atrocities of war from a new viewpoint. The focal point is to extract the phrases containing gallows humor, a sort of black humor, to be studied and explained by details, accordingly some literary terms are to be precisely defined and the unique style of writing is indispensable.
International journal of linguistics, literature and translation, Jul 1, 2019
The present study shows categorization of female portrayals throughout some Iranian novels includ... more The present study shows categorization of female portrayals throughout some Iranian novels including: Paradise Hall by Safavi, Nomad Next to the Fire by Ravanipour, and I Turn off the Lights by Pirzad based on Showalter’s model of gynocriticism that regards female portrayals as grouped into three stages.: feminine, feminist, and female stages It can be concluded that Paradise Hall reflects a feminine writing in which a traditional portrait of woman is given. Nomad Next to the Fire is based on feminist writing in which women attempt to break with the patriarchal rules and traditional women. I Turn off the Lights matches with female writing in which the female characters reach selfdiscovery and awareness.
International Journal of English and Literature, Nov 30, 2012
The present paper elaborates on the concept of self-knowledge in Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar ... more The present paper elaborates on the concept of self-knowledge in Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire based on Carl Gustav Jung's psychoanalytic theory of archetypes. Jung considers the "collective unconscious" as a mental process in human mind from which he/she is not aware. It is the immortal part of man and the unknown psyche of him which is shaped by archetypes-the images, motifs or thematic patterns that occurred regularly in history, literature, or folkways. The aim of the study is to apply Jung's archetypes to Blanche Dubois's psyche in order to find the causes of her disintegration. It is concluded that the lack of self-realization and an unbalanced psyche causes the failure of individuation process and consequently some abnormal behaviors in this character.
Abstract: Language is power, the power to name and therefore to construct the lens through which ... more Abstract: Language is power, the power to name and therefore to construct the lens through which understanding takes place. As the most potent instrument of culture control, the language of the host power (country) therefore plays an essential role in the process of immigration. The present paper has focused on Iranian immigrants ’ strategies to diminish the language power play in the host country to cope with their immigration. To achieve the goal, first a comparison between colonization and immigration is made to pinpoint the similarities and differences, and second some evidences regarding the Iranian immigration are provided. It is shown that Iranian immigrants try to maintain their identity through two main strategies: sticking to their native language and cultural values, and simultaneously gaining a high degree of proficiency in the host language not to lose the language power play.
Abstract: This study tends to delve into the two important characteristics of postmodernism, inte... more Abstract: This study tends to delve into the two important characteristics of postmodernism, intertextuality and irony in Wide Sargasso Sea which is written in 1966 by Dominica born British author Jean Rhys. Rhys shows every literary work is a continuation of another literary work by using intertextuality in her novel. She writes Wide Sargasso Sea as a prequel to a nineteen century classic, Charlotte Bronte’s Jean Eyre and this study attempts to focus on the aspects of subject matter, theme of dream and use of Gothic features which are become as an inspiration for Rhys to write an alternative story of later novel Jean Eyre by bringing the idea of postmodern intertextuality in Wide Sargasso Sea. This study also depicts different kinds of Irony which are used by Rhys in her novel to unfold the fact to the reader that how it is difficult to be a lonely woman in a creole position and try to buckle with inevitable future. So Rhys by using these features in her novel, Wide Sargasso Sea, h...
Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 2018
This study analyzes the outstanding satirist Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughter-house-five to de... more This study analyzes the outstanding satirist Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughter-house-five to demonstrate how the elements of Gallows Humor are applied to provide a better understanding of the author's worldview and of his narrative process. This is an anti-war book in which Vonnegut has attempted to blend the serious theme with humor. Through the choice of his protagonist- Billy Pilgrim- and the manipulation of black humor, Vonnegut exposes the atrocities of war from a new viewpoint. The focal point is to extract the phrases containing gallows humor, a sort of black humor, to be studied and explained by details, accordingly some literary terms are to be precisely defined and the unique style of writing is indispensable. Keywords: Anti-war, Black Humor, Gallows Humor, Satire, Humor, Vonnegut
The present study shows categorization of female portrayals throughout some Iranian novels includ... more The present study shows categorization of female portrayals throughout some Iranian novels including: Paradise Hall by Safavi, Nomad Next to the Fire by Ravanipour, and I Turn off the Lights by Pirzad based on Showalter’s model of gynocriticism that regards female portrayals as grouped into three stages.: feminine, feminist, and female stages It can be concluded that Paradise Hall reflects a feminine writing in which a traditional portrait of woman is given. Nomad Next to the Fire is based on feminist writing in which women attempt to break with the patriarchal rules and traditional women. I Turn off the Lights matches with female writing in which the female characters reach selfdiscovery and awareness.
The present study reflected a deconstructive reading of Daisy Miller by Henry James. In doing so,... more The present study reflected a deconstructive reading of Daisy Miller by Henry James. In doing so, first deconstruction theory was discussed briefly, then a close deconstructive reading of Daisy Miller was done to focus on the function of binary oppositions such as America/Europe, new/old, honesty/hypocrisy in the story, but the major attempt concentrated on the binary opposition of innocent/guilty which was pivotal in the text. In spite of different viewpoints about Daisy's character and the question of being innocent or guilty, the study showed that in fact Daisy acted as a signifier who didn't settle in neither side of the innocent/guilty opposition and thus never found its transcendental signified.
Learning English means its perception and understanding and the capability to use it properly in ... more Learning English means its perception and understanding and the capability to use it properly in different situations. It is obvious that learners' motivation plays an important role in learning English. Therefore, recognizing English learning motivational factors and their influence on the learners is an important issue. The present paper tries to investigate learning motivational factors and their influence on the Markazi province Payame Noor University (PNU) students, to provide a base for the successive experimental studies in the field to provide for quality promotion of English learning motivational factors in these universities. The results show that the most influential motivational factors on Markazi province PNU students' English learning are: Increasing the students confidence level, teacher's role, social support, providing a suitable teaching atmosphere, use of computer and internet, and creating positive competition among students.
International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature
Iranian literature, like other literary works throughout the world, follows the social issues in ... more Iranian literature, like other literary works throughout the world, follows the social issues in society and attempt to depict them. One of such issues is portraying women position in the society. The present study focuses on three different novels by Iranian female writers to show three stages of female writing development in them based on Elain Showalter’s theory of gynocriticism: Feminine stage which is represented through concepts like home, immovability, consumption, reading, house chores, dependence and past, feminist stage dealing with concepts like mobility, production, independence and future, and female stage that presents a new awareness of women consciousness. The chosen works are: Hangover Dawn (1995) by Fataneh Haj Sejed Javadi that portrays the tragic life of a woman who insisted on marrying a person who is not a suitable match for her. The author has shown the pains that this woman has to suffer because of her wrong choice in patriarchal society. The next novel is t...
European Journal of English Language and Literature Studies
Jose Saramago is believed to possess unique form of writing style which is both defined as compli... more Jose Saramago is believed to possess unique form of writing style which is both defined as complicated and easy to read at the same time. Certain elements have their share in such effect; however, central emphasize of present study is on punctuation and particular use of different punctuations in Blindness. The original book is in Portuguese but English translation by Giovanni Pontiero is the main focus of present study. Theories for the present study is a combination of Nunberg (1990) and Briscoe (1995). Employing descriptive analytical method, punctuations are grouped into 7 categories followed by explanation and examples from the text. The results revealed that particular use of punctuation in the text is unique and extraordinary, and it has a significant impact on both complexity of the text and style of the writer.
Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 2018
This study analyzes the outstanding satirist Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse five to demonst... more This study analyzes the outstanding satirist Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse five to demonstrate how the elements of Gallows Humor are applied to provide a better understanding of the author's worldview and of his narrative process. This is an anti-war book in which Vonnegut has attempted to blend the serious theme with humor. Through the choice of his protagonist-Billy Pilgrim-and the manipulation of black humor, Vonnegut exposes the atrocities of war from a new viewpoint. The focal point is to extract the phrases containing gallows humor, a sort of black humor, to be studied and explained by details, accordingly some literary terms are to be precisely defined and the unique style of writing is indispensable.
International journal of linguistics, literature and translation, Jul 1, 2019
The present study shows categorization of female portrayals throughout some Iranian novels includ... more The present study shows categorization of female portrayals throughout some Iranian novels including: Paradise Hall by Safavi, Nomad Next to the Fire by Ravanipour, and I Turn off the Lights by Pirzad based on Showalter’s model of gynocriticism that regards female portrayals as grouped into three stages.: feminine, feminist, and female stages It can be concluded that Paradise Hall reflects a feminine writing in which a traditional portrait of woman is given. Nomad Next to the Fire is based on feminist writing in which women attempt to break with the patriarchal rules and traditional women. I Turn off the Lights matches with female writing in which the female characters reach selfdiscovery and awareness.
International Journal of English and Literature, Nov 30, 2012
The present paper elaborates on the concept of self-knowledge in Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar ... more The present paper elaborates on the concept of self-knowledge in Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire based on Carl Gustav Jung's psychoanalytic theory of archetypes. Jung considers the "collective unconscious" as a mental process in human mind from which he/she is not aware. It is the immortal part of man and the unknown psyche of him which is shaped by archetypes-the images, motifs or thematic patterns that occurred regularly in history, literature, or folkways. The aim of the study is to apply Jung's archetypes to Blanche Dubois's psyche in order to find the causes of her disintegration. It is concluded that the lack of self-realization and an unbalanced psyche causes the failure of individuation process and consequently some abnormal behaviors in this character.
Abstract: Language is power, the power to name and therefore to construct the lens through which ... more Abstract: Language is power, the power to name and therefore to construct the lens through which understanding takes place. As the most potent instrument of culture control, the language of the host power (country) therefore plays an essential role in the process of immigration. The present paper has focused on Iranian immigrants ’ strategies to diminish the language power play in the host country to cope with their immigration. To achieve the goal, first a comparison between colonization and immigration is made to pinpoint the similarities and differences, and second some evidences regarding the Iranian immigration are provided. It is shown that Iranian immigrants try to maintain their identity through two main strategies: sticking to their native language and cultural values, and simultaneously gaining a high degree of proficiency in the host language not to lose the language power play.
Abstract: This study tends to delve into the two important characteristics of postmodernism, inte... more Abstract: This study tends to delve into the two important characteristics of postmodernism, intertextuality and irony in Wide Sargasso Sea which is written in 1966 by Dominica born British author Jean Rhys. Rhys shows every literary work is a continuation of another literary work by using intertextuality in her novel. She writes Wide Sargasso Sea as a prequel to a nineteen century classic, Charlotte Bronte’s Jean Eyre and this study attempts to focus on the aspects of subject matter, theme of dream and use of Gothic features which are become as an inspiration for Rhys to write an alternative story of later novel Jean Eyre by bringing the idea of postmodern intertextuality in Wide Sargasso Sea. This study also depicts different kinds of Irony which are used by Rhys in her novel to unfold the fact to the reader that how it is difficult to be a lonely woman in a creole position and try to buckle with inevitable future. So Rhys by using these features in her novel, Wide Sargasso Sea, h...
Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 2018
This study analyzes the outstanding satirist Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughter-house-five to de... more This study analyzes the outstanding satirist Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughter-house-five to demonstrate how the elements of Gallows Humor are applied to provide a better understanding of the author's worldview and of his narrative process. This is an anti-war book in which Vonnegut has attempted to blend the serious theme with humor. Through the choice of his protagonist- Billy Pilgrim- and the manipulation of black humor, Vonnegut exposes the atrocities of war from a new viewpoint. The focal point is to extract the phrases containing gallows humor, a sort of black humor, to be studied and explained by details, accordingly some literary terms are to be precisely defined and the unique style of writing is indispensable. Keywords: Anti-war, Black Humor, Gallows Humor, Satire, Humor, Vonnegut
The present study shows categorization of female portrayals throughout some Iranian novels includ... more The present study shows categorization of female portrayals throughout some Iranian novels including: Paradise Hall by Safavi, Nomad Next to the Fire by Ravanipour, and I Turn off the Lights by Pirzad based on Showalter’s model of gynocriticism that regards female portrayals as grouped into three stages.: feminine, feminist, and female stages It can be concluded that Paradise Hall reflects a feminine writing in which a traditional portrait of woman is given. Nomad Next to the Fire is based on feminist writing in which women attempt to break with the patriarchal rules and traditional women. I Turn off the Lights matches with female writing in which the female characters reach selfdiscovery and awareness.
The present study reflected a deconstructive reading of Daisy Miller by Henry James. In doing so,... more The present study reflected a deconstructive reading of Daisy Miller by Henry James. In doing so, first deconstruction theory was discussed briefly, then a close deconstructive reading of Daisy Miller was done to focus on the function of binary oppositions such as America/Europe, new/old, honesty/hypocrisy in the story, but the major attempt concentrated on the binary opposition of innocent/guilty which was pivotal in the text. In spite of different viewpoints about Daisy's character and the question of being innocent or guilty, the study showed that in fact Daisy acted as a signifier who didn't settle in neither side of the innocent/guilty opposition and thus never found its transcendental signified.
Learning English means its perception and understanding and the capability to use it properly in ... more Learning English means its perception and understanding and the capability to use it properly in different situations. It is obvious that learners' motivation plays an important role in learning English. Therefore, recognizing English learning motivational factors and their influence on the learners is an important issue. The present paper tries to investigate learning motivational factors and their influence on the Markazi province Payame Noor University (PNU) students, to provide a base for the successive experimental studies in the field to provide for quality promotion of English learning motivational factors in these universities. The results show that the most influential motivational factors on Markazi province PNU students' English learning are: Increasing the students confidence level, teacher's role, social support, providing a suitable teaching atmosphere, use of computer and internet, and creating positive competition among students.
International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature
Iranian literature, like other literary works throughout the world, follows the social issues in ... more Iranian literature, like other literary works throughout the world, follows the social issues in society and attempt to depict them. One of such issues is portraying women position in the society. The present study focuses on three different novels by Iranian female writers to show three stages of female writing development in them based on Elain Showalter’s theory of gynocriticism: Feminine stage which is represented through concepts like home, immovability, consumption, reading, house chores, dependence and past, feminist stage dealing with concepts like mobility, production, independence and future, and female stage that presents a new awareness of women consciousness. The chosen works are: Hangover Dawn (1995) by Fataneh Haj Sejed Javadi that portrays the tragic life of a woman who insisted on marrying a person who is not a suitable match for her. The author has shown the pains that this woman has to suffer because of her wrong choice in patriarchal society. The next novel is t...
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