Aqueous extracts of Neolamarckia cadamba fruits prepared at different maturity stages were used f... more Aqueous extracts of Neolamarckia cadamba fruits prepared at different maturity stages were used for the analysis of various phytochemicals, and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities were determined. Ripe fruit extract had highest phenolics (3.14 mM GAE/ g fruit extract) with caffeic acid, tannic acid, syringic acid and quercetin as major phenolic compounds. The ripe fruit extract showed lowest IC 50 values in DPPH radical scavenging assay (231.33 μg fruit extract/ mL), and highest ABTS radical scavenging activity (111.18 μM TEAC/g). Immature fruit extract showed lowest minimum inhibitory concentration against tested bacteria, and the antibacterial activity was probably due to membrane permeation, as was evident by leakage of genetic material and reduction in propidium iodide uptake by bacterium; and by inhibition of sugar and amino acid uptake. The appreciable amount of phenolic compounds and biological activities in the aqueous extracts of N. cadamba fruits suggests it's potential application as natural preservative.
Asian journal of natural and applied sciences, 2013
Arsenic exposure has been associated with diverse diseased states, including cancer and atheroscl... more Arsenic exposure has been associated with diverse diseased states, including cancer and atherosclerosis. Changes linked with these states include heightened oxidative stress and immunological responses promoted by this intoxication. This study aimed to find the relationships between lipid peroxidation products and proinflammatory cytokines on exposure to arsenic. Method: Rats were exposed to sodium arsenite in their drinking water at doses of 50 and 100 ppm for 7 weeks. At the end of the exposure period, lipid peroxidation products and paraoxonase activity were measured spectrophotometrically while inflammatory cytokines were assayed using ELISA kits. Results: Plasma hydroperoxide levels were increased by more than 150%, while hepatic MDA concentration was raised by 2 fold at high dose of exposure. Arsenite resulted in depression of paraoxonase activity. Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines: IL-2, IL-6 nd TNF-α were also higher a control group. Rats exposed to arsenite showed...
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2021
Tramadol is a popular drug of abuse among adolescent and young adults in many developing African ... more Tramadol is a popular drug of abuse among adolescent and young adults in many developing African countries due to the opioid agonist properties. We investigated the health implications of the sub-chronic concurrent abuse of tramadol, caffeinated drink and alcohol in adult male Wistar rats. Tramadol was administered at 40 and 20 mg/kg BW respectively, caffeinated drink at 10 ml/kg BW and alcohol at 2 ml/kg BW. The rats were handled such that: group A received distilled water; groups B and C received tramadol and distilled water; groups D and E received tramadol and caffeinated drink; groups F and Greceived tramadol and alcohol; and groups H and I received caffeinated drink and alcohol respectively. The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH),malondialdehyde (MDA),protein carbonyl (PC),protein thiol (PT), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDLC...
This study determined the effect of solvent partitioning on the phyto-constituents, antioxidative... more This study determined the effect of solvent partitioning on the phyto-constituents, antioxidative activities and immunomodulatory potentials of in vitro <em>Xylopia aethiopica</em> fruit extracts (crude ethanolic extract, aqueous and n-hexane partitioned extracts). The phyto-constituents in the extracts were determined by colorimetric test, while antioxidant activities were assessed by the radical in vitro scavenging abilities, metal ion chelating potential and reducing potential of the extracts and the immunomodulatory potentials were evaluated by the carbon clearance capability, avidity of neutrophil, inhibition of cyclophosphamide induced neutropenia and zinc sulphate turbidity test. The extracts were tested at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight and levamisole was used as the standard drug. Various phyto-constituents such as and terpenoids indicated marked reactions and recorded increases (p<0.05) in the crude ethanol extract than the partitioned extracts. Cons...
Recent evidences indicate close interplay between the exposures to passive cigarette smoke and ov... more Recent evidences indicate close interplay between the exposures to passive cigarette smoke and overt signs of many degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, etc. However, it is still enigmatic to prove scientifically the role of passive cigarette smoke in modulating the activities of immune cells in the pathology of such degenerative diseases. To investigate the effect of passive cigarette smoke on immunoactivities, a smoke chamber was fabricated and eighty male Wistar rats were picked into four groups and handled such that groups A, B, C and D received distilled water, passive smoke, passive smoke + nosbrite and nosbrite respectively for 56 days. Parameters such as haematological analyses reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, uric acid, ascorbic acid, protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, protein thiol, nitric oxide, prealbumin, cortisol, carbon clearance, zinc sulphate turbidity, neutrophil adhesion, interleukin-6, C-rea...
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2021
This study evaluated the effect of oral intake of coffee and aspartame on the oxidative status an... more This study evaluated the effect of oral intake of coffee and aspartame on the oxidative status and some cytokines levels in varied body mass index Wistar rats. Ninety-six male Wistar rats were allotted into 2 sets of four groups respectively, comprised of twelve rats with average weights of 147.15 ± 4.96 g (normal body mass index (N-BMI) and 269.42 ± 6.14 g (high body mass index (H-BMI). The rats were administered coffee and aspartame such that: Groups A and B rats were respectively N-BMI and H-BMI, received distilled water; Groups C and D rats were respectively N-BMI and H-BMI, received coffee; while E and F rats were respectively N-BMI and H-BMI, received aspartame; and G and H rats were respectively N-BMI and H-BMI, received aspartame and coffee. Six rats from each group were sacrificed after 6 weeks of administration, while the remaining six rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks of administration. The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, protein carbonyl (PC), protein thiol (PT), S-glutathionylated protein (S-GP), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDLC), paraoxonase (PON-1) and total immunoglobulin (IGT) were determined in the serum, plasma and tissues homogenate as applicable. The histo-pathological analysis was performed on the liver. The results of the study indicated decreases (p<0.05) in NO, MDA, PC, S-GP in N-BMI rats administered coffee and aspartame both at 6 weeks and 12 weeks, while increases were obtained in GSH and SOD in the coffee administered N-BMI rats. Marked increases were recorded in NO, IL-6, IL-1β, CRP, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ox-LDLC and IGT both at week 6 and week 12 in no duration dependent manners (p<0.05) across the groups. Photomicrographs of the liver of H-BMI and aspartame N-BMI rats indicated varied alteration in the histo-architecture of hepatocytes. The present data indicated that the sole administration of coffee ameliorated some inflammatory perturbations recorded in the H-BMI rats. However, the trend was not sustained in the N-BMI and H-BMI rats that received aspartame, rather the exacerbation of the perturbations were recorded. Consequently, it is recommended that long-term consumption of aspartame might be correlated with oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders, and BMI is directly implicated in the aforementioned conditions.
Objective: The safety of sub-chronic administration of Yoyo bitters at the manufacturer’s recomme... more Objective: The safety of sub-chronic administration of Yoyo bitters at the manufacturer’s recommended doses for adult human was assessed in male Wistar rats. Methods: Eighteen rats were assigned into three groups (n=6) with mean body weights of 86.2±4.43g. Group A received distilled water, while 0.308 and 0.462 ml/kg body weight of Yoyo bitters were administered daily for 56 days to groups B and C respectively. The toxic index of Yoyo bitters was determined by liver function indices, the activities of respective ‘enzyme markers’, such as, lactate dehydrogenate (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the liver, kidney, small intestine, heart, brain, lungs, spleen, serum and the histological studies on the organs. Results: Dose dependent decreases (p<0.05) were obtained in the LDH activities in the liver, small intestine and lungs. ALP activities were decreased (p<0.05) in the liver, kidney, small intestine and heart, while the activities of ACP were redu...
Aims: To evaluate the hyponatremic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana in male ... more Aims: To evaluate the hyponatremic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana in male wistar rats.
To investigate the subchronic effect of cadmium intoxication on lipid metabolism and the in-flamm... more To investigate the subchronic effect of cadmium intoxication on lipid metabolism and the in-flammatory responses accompanying it, rats were administered 50 and 100 ppm cadmium through their drinking water for 7 weeks. At both concentrations, cadmium exposure resulted in significant elevation (p < 0.05) of total cholesterol and gave rise to hypertriglyceridemia in the plasma of the animals. The proinflammatory cytokines, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, were high-ly expressed in the animals. At the 50 ppm dose level, plasma IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were increased by 20 %, 87 % and 336 % respectively, while the 100 ppm dose yielded 32 %, 57 % and 470 % increases, respectively. A drastic build-up of MDA in the liver elicited by the metal led to an 85 % increase in lipid peroxidation at high dose. A 3-fold increase of lipid hydroperoxidation (LOOH) products was obtained on exposure to cadmium at 100 ppm. Cadmium caused more than a 2-fold increase in oxLDL levels at both doses tested. Paraoxo...
Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesi... more Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana on hematological parameters in male wistar rats. Study Design: In_vivo.
Objective: Previous studies have reported inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase... more Objective: Previous studies have reported inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) as the mechanism by which statin drugs reduce excessive endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis and thereby prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, there has been little or no report on its possible anti-inflammatory actions which may be another mechanism by which statin protects against coronary heart disease (CHD). This study investigated anti-inflammatory tendencies of simvastatin in albino rats. Method: Simvastatin was administered for a period of 28 days. Serum concentrations of interleukine-2 (IL-2) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using ELISA method while serum lipids were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: Administration of statin caused a decrease in TNF-α, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol while a mild increase was observed for IL-2 and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusion: The r...
The aim of this study was to establish the effects of fl uoride on lipid metabolism and attendant... more The aim of this study was to establish the effects of fl uoride on lipid metabolism and attendant infl ammatory response by exposing rats to 50 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1 of fl uoride through drinking water for seven weeks. Both concentrations led to hypercholesterolemia while the 100 mg L-1 concentration induced hypertriglyceridaemia. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels dropped in the exposed rats while interleukin 2 (IL-2) increased more than 1.5-fold (p<0.05) and IL-6 and plasma TNF-α more than 2.5 fold (p<0.05). Fluoride-exposed rats also had signifi cantly higher levels of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) but lower plasma paraoxonase (PON1) activity. Oxidative stress indices correlated with pro-infl ammatory cytokines and plasma cholesterol. In contrast, pro-infl ammatory cytokines inversely correlated with plasma triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and PON1. Our results suggest that the association between fl uoride exposure with cardi...
Tumour necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 8 (TNFL8) is a cytokine that plays vital roles i... more Tumour necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 8 (TNFL8) is a cytokine that plays vital roles in immune activations and inflammatory responses through its interaction with the tumour necrosis factor superfamily member. Despite multiple studies on the involvement of its receptor in the inflammatory response, there is limited information on the molecular characterization and structural elucidation of the cytokine. Considering the significance of the cytokine, the three-dimensional structure of TNFL8 model was generated by homology modelling through the Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER) server and validated through PROCHECK and Qualitative Model Energy Analysis (QMEAN) servers. The predicted structure has 90.00% of residues in the most favoured region of the Ramachandran plot while the QMEAN value gives − 3.06. The sequence and structural alignment between the generated model of the cytokine and template (1XU2) reveal that similar active site residues such as ILE-142...
Background: Recently, there is increased interest in the scientific investigations of botanicals ... more Background: Recently, there is increased interest in the scientific investigations of botanicals with immunomodulatory capabilities due to the alleged efficacy in achieving quality health. Xylopia aethiopica fruit is a popular recipe employed in brewing of soup/broth in the southern region of Nigeria and some parts of Africa. Objective: This study determined the effect of solvent partitioning on the phyto-constituents, in vitro antioxidative activities and immunomodulatory potentials of Xylopia aethiopica fruit extracts (crude ethanolic extract, aqueous and n-hexane partitioned extracts). Materials and methods: The phyto-constituents in the extracts were determined by colorimetric test, while in vitro antioxidant activities were assessed by the radical scavenging abilities, metal ion chelating potential and reducing potential of the extracts and the immunomodulatory potentials were evaluated by the carbon clearance capability, avidity of neutrophil, inhibition of cyclophosphamide in...
Aluminium phosphide is an oral rodenticide and insecticide that is toxic to multiple organs in no... more Aluminium phosphide is an oral rodenticide and insecticide that is toxic to multiple organs in non-target organisms with no known antidote. This study investigated aluminium phosphide-induced hematotoxicity and ovarian oxidative damage in rat and evaluated the effectiveness of hesperidin as a therapeutic agent against the toxic effects. Rats receiving a sub-lethal dose of aluminium phosphide (1.15 mg kg-1 body weight) for 30 days, exhibited significant impaired hematological parameters with distorted leucocyte and thrombocytic indices. Aluminium phosphide exposure produced macrocytic, hyperchromic anemia. The toxicity also included a reduction in the white blood cell, lymphocyte, and granulocyte counts. Ovarian oxidative stress indicators comprising malonaldehyde and lipid hydroperoxides levels were markedly increased, while the antioxidant enzymatic system was inhibited. Co-treatment with hesperidin ameliorated the aluminum phosphide-induced anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia ...
Aqueous extracts of Neolamarckia cadamba fruits prepared at different maturity stages were used f... more Aqueous extracts of Neolamarckia cadamba fruits prepared at different maturity stages were used for the analysis of various phytochemicals, and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities were determined. Ripe fruit extract had highest phenolics (3.14 mM GAE/ g fruit extract) with caffeic acid, tannic acid, syringic acid and quercetin as major phenolic compounds. The ripe fruit extract showed lowest IC 50 values in DPPH radical scavenging assay (231.33 μg fruit extract/ mL), and highest ABTS radical scavenging activity (111.18 μM TEAC/g). Immature fruit extract showed lowest minimum inhibitory concentration against tested bacteria, and the antibacterial activity was probably due to membrane permeation, as was evident by leakage of genetic material and reduction in propidium iodide uptake by bacterium; and by inhibition of sugar and amino acid uptake. The appreciable amount of phenolic compounds and biological activities in the aqueous extracts of N. cadamba fruits suggests it's potential application as natural preservative.
Asian journal of natural and applied sciences, 2013
Arsenic exposure has been associated with diverse diseased states, including cancer and atheroscl... more Arsenic exposure has been associated with diverse diseased states, including cancer and atherosclerosis. Changes linked with these states include heightened oxidative stress and immunological responses promoted by this intoxication. This study aimed to find the relationships between lipid peroxidation products and proinflammatory cytokines on exposure to arsenic. Method: Rats were exposed to sodium arsenite in their drinking water at doses of 50 and 100 ppm for 7 weeks. At the end of the exposure period, lipid peroxidation products and paraoxonase activity were measured spectrophotometrically while inflammatory cytokines were assayed using ELISA kits. Results: Plasma hydroperoxide levels were increased by more than 150%, while hepatic MDA concentration was raised by 2 fold at high dose of exposure. Arsenite resulted in depression of paraoxonase activity. Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines: IL-2, IL-6 nd TNF-α were also higher a control group. Rats exposed to arsenite showed...
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2021
Tramadol is a popular drug of abuse among adolescent and young adults in many developing African ... more Tramadol is a popular drug of abuse among adolescent and young adults in many developing African countries due to the opioid agonist properties. We investigated the health implications of the sub-chronic concurrent abuse of tramadol, caffeinated drink and alcohol in adult male Wistar rats. Tramadol was administered at 40 and 20 mg/kg BW respectively, caffeinated drink at 10 ml/kg BW and alcohol at 2 ml/kg BW. The rats were handled such that: group A received distilled water; groups B and C received tramadol and distilled water; groups D and E received tramadol and caffeinated drink; groups F and Greceived tramadol and alcohol; and groups H and I received caffeinated drink and alcohol respectively. The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH),malondialdehyde (MDA),protein carbonyl (PC),protein thiol (PT), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDLC...
This study determined the effect of solvent partitioning on the phyto-constituents, antioxidative... more This study determined the effect of solvent partitioning on the phyto-constituents, antioxidative activities and immunomodulatory potentials of in vitro <em>Xylopia aethiopica</em> fruit extracts (crude ethanolic extract, aqueous and n-hexane partitioned extracts). The phyto-constituents in the extracts were determined by colorimetric test, while antioxidant activities were assessed by the radical in vitro scavenging abilities, metal ion chelating potential and reducing potential of the extracts and the immunomodulatory potentials were evaluated by the carbon clearance capability, avidity of neutrophil, inhibition of cyclophosphamide induced neutropenia and zinc sulphate turbidity test. The extracts were tested at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight and levamisole was used as the standard drug. Various phyto-constituents such as and terpenoids indicated marked reactions and recorded increases (p<0.05) in the crude ethanol extract than the partitioned extracts. Cons...
Recent evidences indicate close interplay between the exposures to passive cigarette smoke and ov... more Recent evidences indicate close interplay between the exposures to passive cigarette smoke and overt signs of many degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, etc. However, it is still enigmatic to prove scientifically the role of passive cigarette smoke in modulating the activities of immune cells in the pathology of such degenerative diseases. To investigate the effect of passive cigarette smoke on immunoactivities, a smoke chamber was fabricated and eighty male Wistar rats were picked into four groups and handled such that groups A, B, C and D received distilled water, passive smoke, passive smoke + nosbrite and nosbrite respectively for 56 days. Parameters such as haematological analyses reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, uric acid, ascorbic acid, protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, protein thiol, nitric oxide, prealbumin, cortisol, carbon clearance, zinc sulphate turbidity, neutrophil adhesion, interleukin-6, C-rea...
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2021
This study evaluated the effect of oral intake of coffee and aspartame on the oxidative status an... more This study evaluated the effect of oral intake of coffee and aspartame on the oxidative status and some cytokines levels in varied body mass index Wistar rats. Ninety-six male Wistar rats were allotted into 2 sets of four groups respectively, comprised of twelve rats with average weights of 147.15 ± 4.96 g (normal body mass index (N-BMI) and 269.42 ± 6.14 g (high body mass index (H-BMI). The rats were administered coffee and aspartame such that: Groups A and B rats were respectively N-BMI and H-BMI, received distilled water; Groups C and D rats were respectively N-BMI and H-BMI, received coffee; while E and F rats were respectively N-BMI and H-BMI, received aspartame; and G and H rats were respectively N-BMI and H-BMI, received aspartame and coffee. Six rats from each group were sacrificed after 6 weeks of administration, while the remaining six rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks of administration. The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, protein carbonyl (PC), protein thiol (PT), S-glutathionylated protein (S-GP), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDLC), paraoxonase (PON-1) and total immunoglobulin (IGT) were determined in the serum, plasma and tissues homogenate as applicable. The histo-pathological analysis was performed on the liver. The results of the study indicated decreases (p<0.05) in NO, MDA, PC, S-GP in N-BMI rats administered coffee and aspartame both at 6 weeks and 12 weeks, while increases were obtained in GSH and SOD in the coffee administered N-BMI rats. Marked increases were recorded in NO, IL-6, IL-1β, CRP, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ox-LDLC and IGT both at week 6 and week 12 in no duration dependent manners (p<0.05) across the groups. Photomicrographs of the liver of H-BMI and aspartame N-BMI rats indicated varied alteration in the histo-architecture of hepatocytes. The present data indicated that the sole administration of coffee ameliorated some inflammatory perturbations recorded in the H-BMI rats. However, the trend was not sustained in the N-BMI and H-BMI rats that received aspartame, rather the exacerbation of the perturbations were recorded. Consequently, it is recommended that long-term consumption of aspartame might be correlated with oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders, and BMI is directly implicated in the aforementioned conditions.
Objective: The safety of sub-chronic administration of Yoyo bitters at the manufacturer’s recomme... more Objective: The safety of sub-chronic administration of Yoyo bitters at the manufacturer’s recommended doses for adult human was assessed in male Wistar rats. Methods: Eighteen rats were assigned into three groups (n=6) with mean body weights of 86.2±4.43g. Group A received distilled water, while 0.308 and 0.462 ml/kg body weight of Yoyo bitters were administered daily for 56 days to groups B and C respectively. The toxic index of Yoyo bitters was determined by liver function indices, the activities of respective ‘enzyme markers’, such as, lactate dehydrogenate (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the liver, kidney, small intestine, heart, brain, lungs, spleen, serum and the histological studies on the organs. Results: Dose dependent decreases (p<0.05) were obtained in the LDH activities in the liver, small intestine and lungs. ALP activities were decreased (p<0.05) in the liver, kidney, small intestine and heart, while the activities of ACP were redu...
Aims: To evaluate the hyponatremic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana in male ... more Aims: To evaluate the hyponatremic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana in male wistar rats.
To investigate the subchronic effect of cadmium intoxication on lipid metabolism and the in-flamm... more To investigate the subchronic effect of cadmium intoxication on lipid metabolism and the in-flammatory responses accompanying it, rats were administered 50 and 100 ppm cadmium through their drinking water for 7 weeks. At both concentrations, cadmium exposure resulted in significant elevation (p < 0.05) of total cholesterol and gave rise to hypertriglyceridemia in the plasma of the animals. The proinflammatory cytokines, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, were high-ly expressed in the animals. At the 50 ppm dose level, plasma IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were increased by 20 %, 87 % and 336 % respectively, while the 100 ppm dose yielded 32 %, 57 % and 470 % increases, respectively. A drastic build-up of MDA in the liver elicited by the metal led to an 85 % increase in lipid peroxidation at high dose. A 3-fold increase of lipid hydroperoxidation (LOOH) products was obtained on exposure to cadmium at 100 ppm. Cadmium caused more than a 2-fold increase in oxLDL levels at both doses tested. Paraoxo...
Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesi... more Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana on hematological parameters in male wistar rats. Study Design: In_vivo.
Objective: Previous studies have reported inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase... more Objective: Previous studies have reported inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) as the mechanism by which statin drugs reduce excessive endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis and thereby prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, there has been little or no report on its possible anti-inflammatory actions which may be another mechanism by which statin protects against coronary heart disease (CHD). This study investigated anti-inflammatory tendencies of simvastatin in albino rats. Method: Simvastatin was administered for a period of 28 days. Serum concentrations of interleukine-2 (IL-2) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using ELISA method while serum lipids were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: Administration of statin caused a decrease in TNF-α, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol while a mild increase was observed for IL-2 and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusion: The r...
The aim of this study was to establish the effects of fl uoride on lipid metabolism and attendant... more The aim of this study was to establish the effects of fl uoride on lipid metabolism and attendant infl ammatory response by exposing rats to 50 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1 of fl uoride through drinking water for seven weeks. Both concentrations led to hypercholesterolemia while the 100 mg L-1 concentration induced hypertriglyceridaemia. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels dropped in the exposed rats while interleukin 2 (IL-2) increased more than 1.5-fold (p<0.05) and IL-6 and plasma TNF-α more than 2.5 fold (p<0.05). Fluoride-exposed rats also had signifi cantly higher levels of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) but lower plasma paraoxonase (PON1) activity. Oxidative stress indices correlated with pro-infl ammatory cytokines and plasma cholesterol. In contrast, pro-infl ammatory cytokines inversely correlated with plasma triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and PON1. Our results suggest that the association between fl uoride exposure with cardi...
Tumour necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 8 (TNFL8) is a cytokine that plays vital roles i... more Tumour necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 8 (TNFL8) is a cytokine that plays vital roles in immune activations and inflammatory responses through its interaction with the tumour necrosis factor superfamily member. Despite multiple studies on the involvement of its receptor in the inflammatory response, there is limited information on the molecular characterization and structural elucidation of the cytokine. Considering the significance of the cytokine, the three-dimensional structure of TNFL8 model was generated by homology modelling through the Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER) server and validated through PROCHECK and Qualitative Model Energy Analysis (QMEAN) servers. The predicted structure has 90.00% of residues in the most favoured region of the Ramachandran plot while the QMEAN value gives − 3.06. The sequence and structural alignment between the generated model of the cytokine and template (1XU2) reveal that similar active site residues such as ILE-142...
Background: Recently, there is increased interest in the scientific investigations of botanicals ... more Background: Recently, there is increased interest in the scientific investigations of botanicals with immunomodulatory capabilities due to the alleged efficacy in achieving quality health. Xylopia aethiopica fruit is a popular recipe employed in brewing of soup/broth in the southern region of Nigeria and some parts of Africa. Objective: This study determined the effect of solvent partitioning on the phyto-constituents, in vitro antioxidative activities and immunomodulatory potentials of Xylopia aethiopica fruit extracts (crude ethanolic extract, aqueous and n-hexane partitioned extracts). Materials and methods: The phyto-constituents in the extracts were determined by colorimetric test, while in vitro antioxidant activities were assessed by the radical scavenging abilities, metal ion chelating potential and reducing potential of the extracts and the immunomodulatory potentials were evaluated by the carbon clearance capability, avidity of neutrophil, inhibition of cyclophosphamide in...
Aluminium phosphide is an oral rodenticide and insecticide that is toxic to multiple organs in no... more Aluminium phosphide is an oral rodenticide and insecticide that is toxic to multiple organs in non-target organisms with no known antidote. This study investigated aluminium phosphide-induced hematotoxicity and ovarian oxidative damage in rat and evaluated the effectiveness of hesperidin as a therapeutic agent against the toxic effects. Rats receiving a sub-lethal dose of aluminium phosphide (1.15 mg kg-1 body weight) for 30 days, exhibited significant impaired hematological parameters with distorted leucocyte and thrombocytic indices. Aluminium phosphide exposure produced macrocytic, hyperchromic anemia. The toxicity also included a reduction in the white blood cell, lymphocyte, and granulocyte counts. Ovarian oxidative stress indicators comprising malonaldehyde and lipid hydroperoxides levels were markedly increased, while the antioxidant enzymatic system was inhibited. Co-treatment with hesperidin ameliorated the aluminum phosphide-induced anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia ...
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