International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 2021
The Ancient city of ‘CALABAR’ often interpreted as “Come And Live And Be At Rest” has experienced... more The Ancient city of ‘CALABAR’ often interpreted as “Come And Live And Be At Rest” has experienced insecurity and safety for over a decade due to rapid population growth and urbanization. The urban settings have also influenced criminal activities and disorder especially the physical form of the metropolis and its diverse economic activities. The increase crime rate is also attributed to the city’s social activity pattern and the structure of its transportation network which distributes traffic to all the neighborhoods within and around Calabar Metropolis. The aim of this study is to appraise the insecurity situation in the ancient city of Calabar and the consequences on the residents in the metropolis. The specific objectives are; to identify the major types of criminal activities in Calabar metropolis; to determine the cause of such criminal activities in the study area; and to examine the physical form and structure of the area under study. The Pearson’s Product Moment statistical...
Housing has since the dawn of urbanization been a major concern of individuals, groups and govern... more Housing has since the dawn of urbanization been a major concern of individuals, groups and governments. The rapid population growth and uncontrolled urbanization are among the causes of the twin concepts of urban sprawl and squatter settlements in most urban centres including Calabar. Urban sprawl is seen as the spreading of cities towards the periphery to accommodate their growing population. Squatter settlements are described as residential areas developed without legal claim to the land or permission from the government, lacking infrastructural facilities such as water, electricity, waste disposal facilities, toilet and social services. They constitute substandard housing which are considered dangerous to health of individuals and a shame to human dignity. The aim of the study is to assess the rate of urban sprawl and squatter development in Calabar metropolis. The specific objective is to assess the socio-economic life of squatter settlers and to determine the causes and conseq...
Building law or regulations are set government standards for building work, whether it is on a ma... more Building law or regulations are set government standards for building work, whether it is on a major new development or an extension or alterations to existing ones. They cover all aspects of construction, including foundations, damp-proofing, the overall stability of the building, insulation, ventilation, heating, fire protection and means of escape in case of fire. They also ensure that adequate facilities for people with disabilities are provided in certain types of building (Bosleyam 2014). Law makers in the twentieth century developed minimum standards for the construction and maintenance of buildings designed to protect public health, safety and general welfare Focus on structural safety and serviceability, fire safety, health and hygiene, moisture penetration, hygrothermal (humidity and temperature), safety, accessibility and usability (Watermeyer, 2011) Non-compliant buildings are buildings ranging from those buildings erected in absolute neglect to already secured approved building plans to those erected without any approved building plans, and these buildings are ubiquitous throughout the study area (Offiong, 2017). Compliance with building law therefore depends on many crucial factors which are based on the socioeconomic characteristics of the building owners.
With the increasing episode of unplanned urbanization occurring in the State of Cross River, and ... more With the increasing episode of unplanned urbanization occurring in the State of Cross River, and its attending implication on the sustainability of the environment, one can barely imagine the fate of the State in few years to come. As a result, numerous academic resources have been geared towards understanding the patterns, reasons and problems associated with this unplanned development. This study entails a comparative analysis of the Land Use Land Cover change in Ikom and Calabar, two developing Local Government Areas in Cross River State, and the planning as well as the legal implication of Built up area encroachment on Vegetation Resources (Green Areas). The aim and objectives of the study was to investigate the planning and legal implication of Built up area encroachment on Vegetative resource (Green areas) and to compare this encroachment spatially and temporally over Ikom and Calabar. Remote Sensing and GIS technology, an innovative methodology, was adapted for this study. Both primary and secondary data were utilized, with the primary data involving data on measurements of land cover, and the secondary data include data on satellite imagery of the study areas. These data were subjected to two statistical tests to validate the hypotheses postulated for the research. A student t Test one sample analysis was used in assessing if there was a significant difference in LULC of Ikom and Calabar in 2000 – 2017. The result of the Student t test shows that there exist a difference spatio-temporally in the LULC of Ikom and Calabar from 2000 – 2017. And the result of the Pearson correlation shows that as Built up areas increases, Green Space of Vegetative resource decreases and vice versa. To this end relevant recommendations that willgenerally improve the awareness of residents in both Calabar and Ikom Local Government Area, of the effect of increased Built-up areas on the sustainability on the environment and the development of effective conservation plan for management of the environments, were developed
This paper explores the important role of leadership in the innovation process of organizations. ... more This paper explores the important role of leadership in the innovation process of organizations. It argues that while culture, strategy, technology, and other management tools are important in generating effectiveness in the 21 st century, creativity and innovation are what drive organizational success in many sectors. However, for creativity to take place, leaders must actively implement strategies that encourage it. Therefore, leadership is the catalyst and source of organizational creativity and innovation. In essence, for organizations to be able to achieve constant innovation, leaders must establish an environment conducive to renewal and build organizational culture that encourages creativity and innovation. Organizational creativity also depends on how leaders encourage and manage diversity in the organization, as well as develop an effective leadership structure that sustains the innovation process. The models many organizations have used in the past no longer seem adequate ...
Journal of Sustainable Development Studies, Feb 16, 2013
Today, the need for tourism development has been advocated by the various stakeholders and schola... more Today, the need for tourism development has been advocated by the various stakeholders and scholars in this great industry. The driving mechanism towards this challenge is predicated upon the in availability of other subsystems that will pilot this laudable industry and make it more viable. This paper critically focus on the hotel industry as a panacea for sustainable tourism development in Calabar. A total of one hundred and twenty seven (127) hotels were assessed and the data were analyzed using the Pearson' Moment Correlation and the correlation coefficient of 0.89 and coefficient determination of 0.62 were obtained. This means that 62% of the variation in the growth of hotels is contributed to the increase in the number of tourist influx in Calabar. This result therefore, shows that the hospitality industry vis-à-vis the hotel industry is capable of shouldering the challenges and also boosting the image of tourism in Cross River State in general and Calabar in particular. Therefore, if hotel industry and tourism 183 Journal of Sustainable Development Studies must be sustained, a mechanism must be put in place that would ensure tourism related activities al l year round in Calabar.
The menace of domestic water consumption and quality in Bhahumono Communities, in Abi Local Gover... more The menace of domestic water consumption and quality in Bhahumono Communities, in Abi Local Government Area has become of great concern especially among stakeholders saddle with the responsibility of maintaining quality water for domestic and public uses. This paper examines the challenges of domestic water consumption in Bhahumono communities with specific reference to sources of water supply, elemental contents of the difference sources, the rate of consumption and water borne diseases in the area. Seventeen water points were sampled in selected location and the water samples collected were analyzed using Gallenkamp flame analyzer (model F.A. 330-9 and atomic absorption spectromometer (model PYE UNICAM SP29007. The tritrimetric and observatory methods were used to determined the physical properties of the water. The analysis shows that most sampled location had a high level of iron (fe) and cadmium (cd) which makes the not suitable for drinking as evidence in F-value of 4.62 (calculated) higher than critical value of 3.04 (calculated). A calculated value of 4.60 at 0.05 significant level higher than critical value of 3.60 which indicate that distance was a major determinant factor affecting the quality of water supply in Bhahumono communities. Therefore, adequate measures must be put in place if the menace of domestic water quality in the area must be averted.
International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 2021
The Ancient city of ‘CALABAR’ often interpreted as “Come And Live And Be At Rest” has experienced... more The Ancient city of ‘CALABAR’ often interpreted as “Come And Live And Be At Rest” has experienced insecurity and safety for over a decade due to rapid population growth and urbanization. The urban settings have also influenced criminal activities and disorder especially the physical form of the metropolis and its diverse economic activities. The increase crime rate is also attributed to the city’s social activity pattern and the structure of its transportation network which distributes traffic to all the neighborhoods within and around Calabar Metropolis. The aim of this study is to appraise the insecurity situation in the ancient city of Calabar and the consequences on the residents in the metropolis. The specific objectives are; to identify the major types of criminal activities in Calabar metropolis; to determine the cause of such criminal activities in the study area; and to examine the physical form and structure of the area under study. The Pearson’s Product Moment statistical...
Housing has since the dawn of urbanization been a major concern of individuals, groups and govern... more Housing has since the dawn of urbanization been a major concern of individuals, groups and governments. The rapid population growth and uncontrolled urbanization are among the causes of the twin concepts of urban sprawl and squatter settlements in most urban centres including Calabar. Urban sprawl is seen as the spreading of cities towards the periphery to accommodate their growing population. Squatter settlements are described as residential areas developed without legal claim to the land or permission from the government, lacking infrastructural facilities such as water, electricity, waste disposal facilities, toilet and social services. They constitute substandard housing which are considered dangerous to health of individuals and a shame to human dignity. The aim of the study is to assess the rate of urban sprawl and squatter development in Calabar metropolis. The specific objective is to assess the socio-economic life of squatter settlers and to determine the causes and conseq...
Building law or regulations are set government standards for building work, whether it is on a ma... more Building law or regulations are set government standards for building work, whether it is on a major new development or an extension or alterations to existing ones. They cover all aspects of construction, including foundations, damp-proofing, the overall stability of the building, insulation, ventilation, heating, fire protection and means of escape in case of fire. They also ensure that adequate facilities for people with disabilities are provided in certain types of building (Bosleyam 2014). Law makers in the twentieth century developed minimum standards for the construction and maintenance of buildings designed to protect public health, safety and general welfare Focus on structural safety and serviceability, fire safety, health and hygiene, moisture penetration, hygrothermal (humidity and temperature), safety, accessibility and usability (Watermeyer, 2011) Non-compliant buildings are buildings ranging from those buildings erected in absolute neglect to already secured approved building plans to those erected without any approved building plans, and these buildings are ubiquitous throughout the study area (Offiong, 2017). Compliance with building law therefore depends on many crucial factors which are based on the socioeconomic characteristics of the building owners.
With the increasing episode of unplanned urbanization occurring in the State of Cross River, and ... more With the increasing episode of unplanned urbanization occurring in the State of Cross River, and its attending implication on the sustainability of the environment, one can barely imagine the fate of the State in few years to come. As a result, numerous academic resources have been geared towards understanding the patterns, reasons and problems associated with this unplanned development. This study entails a comparative analysis of the Land Use Land Cover change in Ikom and Calabar, two developing Local Government Areas in Cross River State, and the planning as well as the legal implication of Built up area encroachment on Vegetation Resources (Green Areas). The aim and objectives of the study was to investigate the planning and legal implication of Built up area encroachment on Vegetative resource (Green areas) and to compare this encroachment spatially and temporally over Ikom and Calabar. Remote Sensing and GIS technology, an innovative methodology, was adapted for this study. Both primary and secondary data were utilized, with the primary data involving data on measurements of land cover, and the secondary data include data on satellite imagery of the study areas. These data were subjected to two statistical tests to validate the hypotheses postulated for the research. A student t Test one sample analysis was used in assessing if there was a significant difference in LULC of Ikom and Calabar in 2000 – 2017. The result of the Student t test shows that there exist a difference spatio-temporally in the LULC of Ikom and Calabar from 2000 – 2017. And the result of the Pearson correlation shows that as Built up areas increases, Green Space of Vegetative resource decreases and vice versa. To this end relevant recommendations that willgenerally improve the awareness of residents in both Calabar and Ikom Local Government Area, of the effect of increased Built-up areas on the sustainability on the environment and the development of effective conservation plan for management of the environments, were developed
This paper explores the important role of leadership in the innovation process of organizations. ... more This paper explores the important role of leadership in the innovation process of organizations. It argues that while culture, strategy, technology, and other management tools are important in generating effectiveness in the 21 st century, creativity and innovation are what drive organizational success in many sectors. However, for creativity to take place, leaders must actively implement strategies that encourage it. Therefore, leadership is the catalyst and source of organizational creativity and innovation. In essence, for organizations to be able to achieve constant innovation, leaders must establish an environment conducive to renewal and build organizational culture that encourages creativity and innovation. Organizational creativity also depends on how leaders encourage and manage diversity in the organization, as well as develop an effective leadership structure that sustains the innovation process. The models many organizations have used in the past no longer seem adequate ...
Journal of Sustainable Development Studies, Feb 16, 2013
Today, the need for tourism development has been advocated by the various stakeholders and schola... more Today, the need for tourism development has been advocated by the various stakeholders and scholars in this great industry. The driving mechanism towards this challenge is predicated upon the in availability of other subsystems that will pilot this laudable industry and make it more viable. This paper critically focus on the hotel industry as a panacea for sustainable tourism development in Calabar. A total of one hundred and twenty seven (127) hotels were assessed and the data were analyzed using the Pearson' Moment Correlation and the correlation coefficient of 0.89 and coefficient determination of 0.62 were obtained. This means that 62% of the variation in the growth of hotels is contributed to the increase in the number of tourist influx in Calabar. This result therefore, shows that the hospitality industry vis-à-vis the hotel industry is capable of shouldering the challenges and also boosting the image of tourism in Cross River State in general and Calabar in particular. Therefore, if hotel industry and tourism 183 Journal of Sustainable Development Studies must be sustained, a mechanism must be put in place that would ensure tourism related activities al l year round in Calabar.
The menace of domestic water consumption and quality in Bhahumono Communities, in Abi Local Gover... more The menace of domestic water consumption and quality in Bhahumono Communities, in Abi Local Government Area has become of great concern especially among stakeholders saddle with the responsibility of maintaining quality water for domestic and public uses. This paper examines the challenges of domestic water consumption in Bhahumono communities with specific reference to sources of water supply, elemental contents of the difference sources, the rate of consumption and water borne diseases in the area. Seventeen water points were sampled in selected location and the water samples collected were analyzed using Gallenkamp flame analyzer (model F.A. 330-9 and atomic absorption spectromometer (model PYE UNICAM SP29007. The tritrimetric and observatory methods were used to determined the physical properties of the water. The analysis shows that most sampled location had a high level of iron (fe) and cadmium (cd) which makes the not suitable for drinking as evidence in F-value of 4.62 (calculated) higher than critical value of 3.04 (calculated). A calculated value of 4.60 at 0.05 significant level higher than critical value of 3.60 which indicate that distance was a major determinant factor affecting the quality of water supply in Bhahumono communities. Therefore, adequate measures must be put in place if the menace of domestic water quality in the area must be averted.
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Papers by Emmanuel Agbor