Summary: Escherichia coli strain BT-, freeze dried from distilled water, loses viability by expos... more Summary: Escherichia coli strain BT-, freeze dried from distilled water, loses viability by exposure to air in the dry state, and decay curves of such bacteria were determined. The amounts of tritiated thymidine incorporated in the DNA of such ‘dead’, rehydrated bacteria are compatible with an assumption that the synthesis of DNA proceeds till the completion of its replication cycle, but not beyond. Induction of β-galactosidase served as an indicator of RNA and protein synthesis in the dead bacteria. Such induction occurred after a short lag after which it proceeded at a rate similar to that observed in lyophilized, untreated bacteria. The loss of viability of these bacteria cannot be accounted for by defects in the production of DNA or RNA and protein synthesis; it is most probably due to damage to the DNA initiation point.
The microorganisms Escherichia coli DH5 alpha and Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 show an increased t... more The microorganisms Escherichia coli DH5 alpha and Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 show an increased tolerance to freeze-drying when dried in the presence of the disaccharides trehalose and sucrose. When the bacteria were dried with 100 mM trehalose, 70% of the E. coli and 57% of the B. thuringiensis organisms survived, compared with 56 and 44%, respectively, when they were dried with sucrose. Only 8% of the E. coli and 14% of the B. thuringiensis organisms survived drying without the sugars. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the role of membrane phase transitions in the survival of the organisms during drying and rehydration. Both E. coli and B. thuringiensis showed an increase of 30 to 40 degrees C in the temperature of their phospholipid phase transition when dried without the sugars, while phase transition temperatures of those dried with the sugars remained near those of the hydrated cells. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy microscope made it po...
INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 is dispersed from patients by talking, coughing and sneezing. The generat... more INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 is dispersed from patients by talking, coughing and sneezing. The generated micro-droplets aerosols can travel up to 8 meters, stay suspended for long periods and preserve viral infectivity for a median of 2.7 hours. An unprotected person exposed to this cloud, might inhale a considerable amount of infectious viral doses, which will attach to the ACE 2 receptors on alveoli epithelium, resulting in infection. N95 respirators and surgical masks block 95% and 50-60% respectively of inhalable particles and protect the wearer from infection. Surgical masks and N95 without exhalation valve, protect both the wearer and the environment from carriers and sick people.
Because the death mechanisms of freeze-dried and air-dried bacteria are thought to be similar, fr... more Because the death mechanisms of freeze-dried and air-dried bacteria are thought to be similar, freeze-drying was used to investigate the survival differences between potentially airborne genetically engineered microorganisms and their wild types. To this end, engineered strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas syringae were freeze-dried and exposed to air, visible light, or both. The death rates of all engineered strains were significantly higher than those of their parental strains. Light and air exposure were found to increase the death rates of all strains. Application of death rate models to freeze-dried engineered bacteria to be released into the environment is discussed.
n June 12, the day three Israeli teens were abducted and murdered in the West Bank, Hamas began l... more n June 12, the day three Israeli teens were abducted and murdered in the West Bank, Hamas began launching rockets aimed at Israeli civilians. For three weeks Israel showed restraint, but Hamas’ incessant missile attacks continued, cul-minating in a barrage of 70 missiles fired on July 7 alone. Israel was left with no choice but to embark on a military operation to defend its civilian population. There was no word from the authors of the “open letter” [1]. For several years Hamas, designated a terrorist organization in many countries including the USA, the EU and Canada, has invested heavily in a formidable terror infrastructure that includes some 12,000 missiles covering most of Israel’s territory. It has also built dozens of attack tunnels with the sole purpose of infiltrating Israel to conduct terror attacks killing and kidnap-ping Israeli civilians. Again, total ignorance on the part of the authors or any others in the European medical community.The main objective of Operation Pr...
Summary: Escherichia coli strain BT-, freeze dried from distilled water, loses viability by expos... more Summary: Escherichia coli strain BT-, freeze dried from distilled water, loses viability by exposure to air in the dry state, and decay curves of such bacteria were determined. The amounts of tritiated thymidine incorporated in the DNA of such ‘dead’, rehydrated bacteria are compatible with an assumption that the synthesis of DNA proceeds till the completion of its replication cycle, but not beyond. Induction of β-galactosidase served as an indicator of RNA and protein synthesis in the dead bacteria. Such induction occurred after a short lag after which it proceeded at a rate similar to that observed in lyophilized, untreated bacteria. The loss of viability of these bacteria cannot be accounted for by defects in the production of DNA or RNA and protein synthesis; it is most probably due to damage to the DNA initiation point.
The microorganisms Escherichia coli DH5 alpha and Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 show an increased t... more The microorganisms Escherichia coli DH5 alpha and Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 show an increased tolerance to freeze-drying when dried in the presence of the disaccharides trehalose and sucrose. When the bacteria were dried with 100 mM trehalose, 70% of the E. coli and 57% of the B. thuringiensis organisms survived, compared with 56 and 44%, respectively, when they were dried with sucrose. Only 8% of the E. coli and 14% of the B. thuringiensis organisms survived drying without the sugars. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the role of membrane phase transitions in the survival of the organisms during drying and rehydration. Both E. coli and B. thuringiensis showed an increase of 30 to 40 degrees C in the temperature of their phospholipid phase transition when dried without the sugars, while phase transition temperatures of those dried with the sugars remained near those of the hydrated cells. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy microscope made it po...
INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 is dispersed from patients by talking, coughing and sneezing. The generat... more INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 is dispersed from patients by talking, coughing and sneezing. The generated micro-droplets aerosols can travel up to 8 meters, stay suspended for long periods and preserve viral infectivity for a median of 2.7 hours. An unprotected person exposed to this cloud, might inhale a considerable amount of infectious viral doses, which will attach to the ACE 2 receptors on alveoli epithelium, resulting in infection. N95 respirators and surgical masks block 95% and 50-60% respectively of inhalable particles and protect the wearer from infection. Surgical masks and N95 without exhalation valve, protect both the wearer and the environment from carriers and sick people.
Because the death mechanisms of freeze-dried and air-dried bacteria are thought to be similar, fr... more Because the death mechanisms of freeze-dried and air-dried bacteria are thought to be similar, freeze-drying was used to investigate the survival differences between potentially airborne genetically engineered microorganisms and their wild types. To this end, engineered strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas syringae were freeze-dried and exposed to air, visible light, or both. The death rates of all engineered strains were significantly higher than those of their parental strains. Light and air exposure were found to increase the death rates of all strains. Application of death rate models to freeze-dried engineered bacteria to be released into the environment is discussed.
n June 12, the day three Israeli teens were abducted and murdered in the West Bank, Hamas began l... more n June 12, the day three Israeli teens were abducted and murdered in the West Bank, Hamas began launching rockets aimed at Israeli civilians. For three weeks Israel showed restraint, but Hamas’ incessant missile attacks continued, cul-minating in a barrage of 70 missiles fired on July 7 alone. Israel was left with no choice but to embark on a military operation to defend its civilian population. There was no word from the authors of the “open letter” [1]. For several years Hamas, designated a terrorist organization in many countries including the USA, the EU and Canada, has invested heavily in a formidable terror infrastructure that includes some 12,000 missiles covering most of Israel’s territory. It has also built dozens of attack tunnels with the sole purpose of infiltrating Israel to conduct terror attacks killing and kidnap-ping Israeli civilians. Again, total ignorance on the part of the authors or any others in the European medical community.The main objective of Operation Pr...
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