Aims: Active cigarette smoking was intensively reported to increase the risk of aortic mortality ... more Aims: Active cigarette smoking was intensively reported to increase the risk of aortic mortality while research on the association between smoking cessation and aortic mortality remains scarce. This study aimed to reconfirm the associations of exposure to cigarettes and smoking cessation associated with aortic mortality in a large Japanese population. Methods: In the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study, 91,141 residents (57 10 years; men, 43%) who were free of stroke, coronary heart disease, and cancer were followed up from 1989-90 until 2009 during which 110 deaths from aortic dissection and 112 deaths from aneurysm were identified. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (95%CI) for total and specific aortic mortality. Results: Compared to never smoking, HRs for total aortic mortality were 2.39 (1.40-4.08) for 20, 3.57 (2.19-5.83) for 20-39, and 3.92 (2.37-6.48) for ≥ 40 pack-years exposure. Compared to current smoking, HRs for total aortic mortality were 0.42 (0.18-0.97) for 10-15 years, 0.27 (0.11-0.66) for 15 years of cessation, and 0.24 (0.13-0.44) for never smoking. Similar inverse dose-response pattern was observed between smoking cessation duration and risk of mortality from aortic aneurysm (p for trend 0.001), but the association with aortic dissection mortality did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of aortic mortality while smoking cessation was so with a reduced risk among the Japanese population.
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is related to the reduction of the aortomesenteric angl... more Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is related to the reduction of the aortomesenteric angle on detailed imaging studies; i.e., an expert's ultrasonography or angiography. We aimed to test a simpler imaging finding of SMA syndrome. This cross-sectional case-reference study examined whether right movement of the SMA on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) is useful for the diagnosis of SMA syndrome. We reviewed hospital records of patients admitted in 2008-2018. Each case was matched to one non-case patient of the same age and sex. On unenhanced CT scans, we identified the shortest distance between the parallel line that passes through the center of the aorta to the line that bisects the spine and SMA. A negative number of the distance means that the SMA is on the left side of the above-described parallel line. There was a total of 14 cases and 14 non-cases (men, 57.1%) with mean age 78.7 years. Mean body mass index of cases and non-cases were 19.2 and 22.2 kg/m2 , respectively. The more prevalent side of the SMA was the right side. The mean shortest distance was 10.5 mm in cases and 0.7 mm in non-cases (P for independent t-test =0.043). For comparing the observations in SMA cases at several time points, the mean shortest distance at pre-onset was -2.7 mm, with a significant difference from that at onset (P for paired t-test =0.030). Right movement of the SMA diagnosed by unenhanced CT is associated with SMA syndrome.
Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. Age-adjusted and multivariable hazard ratios (95% confide... more Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. Age-adjusted and multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of incident breast cancer according to job category and occupational activity after exclusion of housewives in occupation
The association between the intake of non-alcoholic beverages and CVD in Asians is uncertain. The... more The association between the intake of non-alcoholic beverages and CVD in Asians is uncertain. The intake of non-alcoholic beverages was estimated in 77 407 participants of the Japan Public Health Centre-based cohort study aged 45–74 years. The Cox regression calculated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for incident CVD according to sex-specific quintiles of intake of non-alcoholic beverages. A total of 4578 incident CVD (3751 strokes and 827 CHD) were diagnosed during a 13·6-year median follow-up. The risks of stroke and total CVD were lower for the highest v. lowest intake quintiles of non-alcoholic beverages in men and women: the multivariable HRs (95 % CIs) were 0·82 (0·71, 0·93, Ptrend = 0·005) and 0·86 (0·76, 0·97, Ptrend = 0·02), respectively, in men and were 0·73 (0·63, 0·86, Ptrend = 0·003) and 0·75 (0·65, 0·87, Ptrend = 0·005), respectively, in women. The reduced risk was evident for both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes and was mainly attributable to green tea consumpti...
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between chronic exposure to nitrate in drink... more OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between chronic exposure to nitrate in drinking water and the risk of bladder cancer. STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis. METHODS After a systematic retrieval of eligible epidemiological studies, pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of bladder cancer for people in the highest vs the lowest categories of nitrate exposure were calculated using the fixed- or random-effects model. We conducted two separate meta-analyses, one considering nitrate exposure as nitrate concentration in drinking water and the other one as daily nitrate intake from drinking water. RESULTS A total of five studies (three case-control and two cohort studies) were included. The pooled OR (95% CI) of bladder cancer for the highest vs the lowest category of nitrate concentration in drinking water was 0.98 (0.60, 1.57), and daily nitrate intake from drinking water was 1.00 (0.69, 1.45). Both meta-analyses showed high heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 80.8% and 65.0%, respectively). Removing studies with the high risk of bias increased the risk and reduced the heterogeneity: [(nitrate concentration in drinking water: 1.36 (1.03, 1.79), I2 = 0.0%) and (daily nitrate intake from drinking water: 1.14 (0.90, 1.46), I2 = 8.4%)]. CONCLUSION The current epidemiological evidence failed to establish a conclusive relationship between chronic exposure to nitrate in drinking water and the risk of bladder cancer. While no association and high heterogeneity across studies were detected in the two meta-analyses, removing studies with the high risk of bias increased the risk and dissolved the heterogeneity.
The evidence on the protective effects of soy foods against type 2 diabetes has been inconsistent... more The evidence on the protective effects of soy foods against type 2 diabetes has been inconsistent. We thought to examine the association between the dietary intakes of soy and the risk of diabetes in a prospective study encompassing 21,925 healthy Japanese men and women aged 40–79 years. A validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire determined the intakes of soy, and their associations with risk of type 2 diabetes were evaluated by the logistic regression analysis. During the 5-year follow-up period, we observed 593 new cases of type 2 diabetes (302 in men and 291 in women). There was no association between dietary intakes of soy foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes among men. Whereas among women, higher tofu intake was inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) of type 2 diabetes were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.69–1.21) for 3–4 times per week and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.49–0.94) for almost daily (p-trend = 0.03) in reference to those consuming...
Violence against women (VAW) is a major public health concern. This study objected to detect the ... more Violence against women (VAW) is a major public health concern. This study objected to detect the psychological correlates with VAW victimization in Egypt. A total of 808 women aged 18 years or older and living with a male companion in Giza and Beni-Suef participated in this cross-sectional study. Women reported their exposure, during the preceding six months, to sexual harassment, cyber harassment, physical violence, verbal insults, deprivation from going out, and financial deprivation. The psychological status of women was evaluated using the Arabic versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. The results indicated that exposure to sexual harassment was associated with low perceived support from family (b ¼ À0.94, 95% CI: À1.81, À0.07) and friends (b ¼ À1.05, 95% CI: À1.90, À0.20). Women who were exposed to verbal insults reported more depressive symptoms (b ¼ 1.67, 95% CI: 0.30, 3.05) and lower perceived support from family (b ¼ À1.21, 95% CI: À2.09, À0.32) and friends (b ¼ À1.18, 95% CI: À2.05, À0.32) than non-exposed women. Physical violence victimization was associated with low perceived family support (b ¼ À1.13, 95% CI: À2.12, À0.13) and low self-esteem (b ¼ À0.73, 95% CI: À1.46, À0.01). In conclusion, VAW victimization was associated with several adverse psychological deficits.
Background: Adolescents’ self-evaluation is an expressive form of their self-concept. Parental bo... more Background: Adolescents’ self-evaluation is an expressive form of their self-concept. Parental bonding, personality traits and psychological status were determining factors of adolescents’ self-evaluation; however, no study has tested the effects of the three variables simultaneously. We aimed to explore these effects by a systematic approach. Methods: Data came from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The associations of parental bonding (measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument), personality traits (the Responsibility Scale) and psychological status (the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K6) with self-evaluation measured in three domains (the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for children and the Self-Discipline Scale) were tested by the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. Results: A total of 892 Chinese adolescents (Mage in years=10.72, SD = 0.89) were included. Significant positive correlations were found among self-ev...
Purpose An inverse association between physical activity and colorectal cancer (CRC) was suggeste... more Purpose An inverse association between physical activity and colorectal cancer (CRC) was suggested. We aimed to assess the specific and combined effects of leisure-time and occupational physical activities on CRC risk among Japanese adults. Methods Using Cox proportional hazard models, we tested whether walking time, sports activity, body posture during work, and job type– or the combination of these variables – were associated with CRC incidence during 17 years of follow-up (1990–2009) in a prospective cohort of 26,897 Japanese men and women aged 40–79 years. Results During the follow-up period, 423 incident cases of CRC (267 colon and 156 rectum cancer) were ascertained. Time spent walking showed a dose-response inverse relationship with CRC risk (p-trend = 0.053). Manual labor was associated with lower CRC risk when compared to office work; HR (95%CI) = 0.75 (0.57–0.98) for colorectal cancer and 0.69 (0.48–0.97) for colon cancer. Compared to sitting, moving during work tended to ...
Cerebrovascular disease, also known as stroke, is a leading cause of death worldwide. To combat t... more Cerebrovascular disease, also known as stroke, is a leading cause of death worldwide. To combat the disease, programs have been developed to control hypertension and reduce blood pressure because it is the most common risk factor in those who suffer a stroke. Japan has experienced some of the highest hypertension rates globally. In 1963, a prevention program was developed in a Japanese community to reduce the risk factors leading to stroke. The program contained several fundamental components: annual checkups, referrals to clinics for those who were considered high risk, health campaigns, and more. After only 3 years, the results demonstrated that over 86% of the town’s residents had participated in the screening program. With a reduction in severe hypertension and stroke incidence, the program was considered a success, and efforts were scaled up nationally. Over the years, the program has become the prototype for stroke prevention, including being endorsed by the World Health Organ...
Dairy product intake was suggested to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancers. This study inv... more Dairy product intake was suggested to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancers. This study investigated the association between dairy product intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer (PAC) using a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. First, we included 59 774 people aged 40–79 years from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study). The Cox regression was used to compute the hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI of incident PAC for individuals who reported the highest intakes of milk, cheese and yogurt compared with not consuming the corresponding dairy products. Then, we combined our results with those from other four prospective cohort studies that were eligible after searching several databases, in a meta-analysis, using the fixed-effects model before evaluating publication bias and heterogeneity across studies. In the JACC Study, the highest v. no intakes of milk, cheese and yogurt were not associated with the reduced risk of PAC after a med...
BACKGROUND To systematically summarize the association between combined lifestyle (at least three... more BACKGROUND To systematically summarize the association between combined lifestyle (at least three factors, including but not limited to smoking, drinking, physical activity, body mass index, diet) and depressive symptoms by a meta-analysis in general populations. METHODS Multiple electronic databases were searched for observational studies investigating combined lifestyle factors and depressive symptoms published before September 2020. Pooled risk estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Publication bias was conducted using the Egger's and Begg's tests. RESULTS A total of 12 studies with 185,899 participants were included. The pooled OR of depressive symptoms in meta-analysis of 7 cross-sectional studies was 0.53 (0.39, 0.72), I2 = 83.6%, P for heterogeneity <0.001 and the pooled RR was 0.33 (0.12, 0.89), I2 = 95.3%, P for heterogeneity <0.001 in meta-analysis of 5 cohort studies for people with the highest versus lowest score of heathy lifestyles. In sensitivity analyses, the heterogeneity was significantly reduced in cross-sectional studies (pooled OR = 0.74 [0.65, 0.85], I2 = 21.7%, P for heterogeneity = 0.27) and cohort studies (pooled RR = 0.53 [0.38, 0.74], I2 = 15.2%, P for heterogeneity = 0.32). The publication bias corrected by "trim-and-fill" analysis yielded unchanged results. LIMITATIONS Limitations included residual confounding in original studies, heterogeneity between studies, and potential publication bias in the analysis of cross-sectional studies. CONCLUSION The healthy lifestyle was associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms. Adherence to overall healthy lifestyles is essential for the primary prevention of depression in general populations.
ABSTRACT Objective: We investigated, via systematic review and meta-analysis, whether multiple sc... more ABSTRACT Objective: We investigated, via systematic review and meta-analysis, whether multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with the risk of preeclampsia (PE). Methods: From the eligible studies, we pooled odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of PE for pregnant women with MS compared with pregnant women without it using the fixed-effects model. The I 2 measured heterogeneity between studies. Results: Eight eligible studies (9 cohorts) were included. Pregnant women with MS had no excess risk of PE compared with pregnant women without MS (pooled OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.09; I 2 = 0.00%). Conclusion: MS is not associated with PE.
Background Cross-cultural studies studying work-family conflicts (W_F_Cs) are scarce. We compared... more Background Cross-cultural studies studying work-family conflicts (W_F_Cs) are scarce. We compared the prevalence of W_F_Cs, factors predicting it, and its association with self-rated health between Japan and Egypt. Methods Among 4862 Japanese and 3111 Egyptian civil workers who were recruited by a convenience sample in 2018/2019 and reported self-rated health status, we assessed the W_F_Cs by the Midlife Development in the US (MIDUS) and attributed it, by linear regression analyses, to sociodemographic, family, and work variables, and assessed its gender- and country-specific associations with self-rated health by logistic regression analyses. Results W_F_Cs were more prevalent in Egyptian than Japanese women (23.7% vs. 18.2%) and men (19.1% vs. 10.5%), while poor self-rated health was more prevalent in Japanese than Egyptians (19.3% and 17.3% vs. 16.9% and 5.5%). In both genders of countries, longer working hours, shift work, and overtime work predicted higher scores of the work-to...
Background: Hypertension may affect the prognosis of COVID-19 illness. We analyzed the epidemiolo... more Background: Hypertension may affect the prognosis of COVID-19 illness. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics associated with the disease severity and mortality in hypertensive vs. non-hypertensive deceased COVID-19 patients.Methods: We included all the deceased patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to >200 health facilities in Wuhan between December 1 and February 24, 2020. The median survival time in COVID-19 patients with and without hypertension, the association of hypertension with the disease severity, and the risk factors associated with the COVID-19 mortality stratified by the hypertension status were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, logistic regression, and Cox proportional regression, respectively before and after the propensity score-matching (PS) for age and sex.Results: The prevalence of hypertension in the studied 1,833 COVID-19 patients was 40.5%. Patients with hypertension were more likely to have severe COVID...
Aims: Active cigarette smoking was intensively reported to increase the risk of aortic mortality ... more Aims: Active cigarette smoking was intensively reported to increase the risk of aortic mortality while research on the association between smoking cessation and aortic mortality remains scarce. This study aimed to reconfirm the associations of exposure to cigarettes and smoking cessation associated with aortic mortality in a large Japanese population. Methods: In the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study, 91,141 residents (57 10 years; men, 43%) who were free of stroke, coronary heart disease, and cancer were followed up from 1989-90 until 2009 during which 110 deaths from aortic dissection and 112 deaths from aneurysm were identified. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (95%CI) for total and specific aortic mortality. Results: Compared to never smoking, HRs for total aortic mortality were 2.39 (1.40-4.08) for 20, 3.57 (2.19-5.83) for 20-39, and 3.92 (2.37-6.48) for ≥ 40 pack-years exposure. Compared to current smoking, HRs for total aortic mortality were 0.42 (0.18-0.97) for 10-15 years, 0.27 (0.11-0.66) for 15 years of cessation, and 0.24 (0.13-0.44) for never smoking. Similar inverse dose-response pattern was observed between smoking cessation duration and risk of mortality from aortic aneurysm (p for trend 0.001), but the association with aortic dissection mortality did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of aortic mortality while smoking cessation was so with a reduced risk among the Japanese population.
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is related to the reduction of the aortomesenteric angl... more Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is related to the reduction of the aortomesenteric angle on detailed imaging studies; i.e., an expert's ultrasonography or angiography. We aimed to test a simpler imaging finding of SMA syndrome. This cross-sectional case-reference study examined whether right movement of the SMA on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) is useful for the diagnosis of SMA syndrome. We reviewed hospital records of patients admitted in 2008-2018. Each case was matched to one non-case patient of the same age and sex. On unenhanced CT scans, we identified the shortest distance between the parallel line that passes through the center of the aorta to the line that bisects the spine and SMA. A negative number of the distance means that the SMA is on the left side of the above-described parallel line. There was a total of 14 cases and 14 non-cases (men, 57.1%) with mean age 78.7 years. Mean body mass index of cases and non-cases were 19.2 and 22.2 kg/m2 , respectively. The more prevalent side of the SMA was the right side. The mean shortest distance was 10.5 mm in cases and 0.7 mm in non-cases (P for independent t-test =0.043). For comparing the observations in SMA cases at several time points, the mean shortest distance at pre-onset was -2.7 mm, with a significant difference from that at onset (P for paired t-test =0.030). Right movement of the SMA diagnosed by unenhanced CT is associated with SMA syndrome.
Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. Age-adjusted and multivariable hazard ratios (95% confide... more Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. Age-adjusted and multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of incident breast cancer according to job category and occupational activity after exclusion of housewives in occupation
The association between the intake of non-alcoholic beverages and CVD in Asians is uncertain. The... more The association between the intake of non-alcoholic beverages and CVD in Asians is uncertain. The intake of non-alcoholic beverages was estimated in 77 407 participants of the Japan Public Health Centre-based cohort study aged 45–74 years. The Cox regression calculated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for incident CVD according to sex-specific quintiles of intake of non-alcoholic beverages. A total of 4578 incident CVD (3751 strokes and 827 CHD) were diagnosed during a 13·6-year median follow-up. The risks of stroke and total CVD were lower for the highest v. lowest intake quintiles of non-alcoholic beverages in men and women: the multivariable HRs (95 % CIs) were 0·82 (0·71, 0·93, Ptrend = 0·005) and 0·86 (0·76, 0·97, Ptrend = 0·02), respectively, in men and were 0·73 (0·63, 0·86, Ptrend = 0·003) and 0·75 (0·65, 0·87, Ptrend = 0·005), respectively, in women. The reduced risk was evident for both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes and was mainly attributable to green tea consumpti...
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between chronic exposure to nitrate in drink... more OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between chronic exposure to nitrate in drinking water and the risk of bladder cancer. STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis. METHODS After a systematic retrieval of eligible epidemiological studies, pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of bladder cancer for people in the highest vs the lowest categories of nitrate exposure were calculated using the fixed- or random-effects model. We conducted two separate meta-analyses, one considering nitrate exposure as nitrate concentration in drinking water and the other one as daily nitrate intake from drinking water. RESULTS A total of five studies (three case-control and two cohort studies) were included. The pooled OR (95% CI) of bladder cancer for the highest vs the lowest category of nitrate concentration in drinking water was 0.98 (0.60, 1.57), and daily nitrate intake from drinking water was 1.00 (0.69, 1.45). Both meta-analyses showed high heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 80.8% and 65.0%, respectively). Removing studies with the high risk of bias increased the risk and reduced the heterogeneity: [(nitrate concentration in drinking water: 1.36 (1.03, 1.79), I2 = 0.0%) and (daily nitrate intake from drinking water: 1.14 (0.90, 1.46), I2 = 8.4%)]. CONCLUSION The current epidemiological evidence failed to establish a conclusive relationship between chronic exposure to nitrate in drinking water and the risk of bladder cancer. While no association and high heterogeneity across studies were detected in the two meta-analyses, removing studies with the high risk of bias increased the risk and dissolved the heterogeneity.
The evidence on the protective effects of soy foods against type 2 diabetes has been inconsistent... more The evidence on the protective effects of soy foods against type 2 diabetes has been inconsistent. We thought to examine the association between the dietary intakes of soy and the risk of diabetes in a prospective study encompassing 21,925 healthy Japanese men and women aged 40–79 years. A validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire determined the intakes of soy, and their associations with risk of type 2 diabetes were evaluated by the logistic regression analysis. During the 5-year follow-up period, we observed 593 new cases of type 2 diabetes (302 in men and 291 in women). There was no association between dietary intakes of soy foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes among men. Whereas among women, higher tofu intake was inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) of type 2 diabetes were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.69–1.21) for 3–4 times per week and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.49–0.94) for almost daily (p-trend = 0.03) in reference to those consuming...
Violence against women (VAW) is a major public health concern. This study objected to detect the ... more Violence against women (VAW) is a major public health concern. This study objected to detect the psychological correlates with VAW victimization in Egypt. A total of 808 women aged 18 years or older and living with a male companion in Giza and Beni-Suef participated in this cross-sectional study. Women reported their exposure, during the preceding six months, to sexual harassment, cyber harassment, physical violence, verbal insults, deprivation from going out, and financial deprivation. The psychological status of women was evaluated using the Arabic versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. The results indicated that exposure to sexual harassment was associated with low perceived support from family (b ¼ À0.94, 95% CI: À1.81, À0.07) and friends (b ¼ À1.05, 95% CI: À1.90, À0.20). Women who were exposed to verbal insults reported more depressive symptoms (b ¼ 1.67, 95% CI: 0.30, 3.05) and lower perceived support from family (b ¼ À1.21, 95% CI: À2.09, À0.32) and friends (b ¼ À1.18, 95% CI: À2.05, À0.32) than non-exposed women. Physical violence victimization was associated with low perceived family support (b ¼ À1.13, 95% CI: À2.12, À0.13) and low self-esteem (b ¼ À0.73, 95% CI: À1.46, À0.01). In conclusion, VAW victimization was associated with several adverse psychological deficits.
Background: Adolescents’ self-evaluation is an expressive form of their self-concept. Parental bo... more Background: Adolescents’ self-evaluation is an expressive form of their self-concept. Parental bonding, personality traits and psychological status were determining factors of adolescents’ self-evaluation; however, no study has tested the effects of the three variables simultaneously. We aimed to explore these effects by a systematic approach. Methods: Data came from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The associations of parental bonding (measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument), personality traits (the Responsibility Scale) and psychological status (the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K6) with self-evaluation measured in three domains (the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for children and the Self-Discipline Scale) were tested by the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. Results: A total of 892 Chinese adolescents (Mage in years=10.72, SD = 0.89) were included. Significant positive correlations were found among self-ev...
Purpose An inverse association between physical activity and colorectal cancer (CRC) was suggeste... more Purpose An inverse association between physical activity and colorectal cancer (CRC) was suggested. We aimed to assess the specific and combined effects of leisure-time and occupational physical activities on CRC risk among Japanese adults. Methods Using Cox proportional hazard models, we tested whether walking time, sports activity, body posture during work, and job type– or the combination of these variables – were associated with CRC incidence during 17 years of follow-up (1990–2009) in a prospective cohort of 26,897 Japanese men and women aged 40–79 years. Results During the follow-up period, 423 incident cases of CRC (267 colon and 156 rectum cancer) were ascertained. Time spent walking showed a dose-response inverse relationship with CRC risk (p-trend = 0.053). Manual labor was associated with lower CRC risk when compared to office work; HR (95%CI) = 0.75 (0.57–0.98) for colorectal cancer and 0.69 (0.48–0.97) for colon cancer. Compared to sitting, moving during work tended to ...
Cerebrovascular disease, also known as stroke, is a leading cause of death worldwide. To combat t... more Cerebrovascular disease, also known as stroke, is a leading cause of death worldwide. To combat the disease, programs have been developed to control hypertension and reduce blood pressure because it is the most common risk factor in those who suffer a stroke. Japan has experienced some of the highest hypertension rates globally. In 1963, a prevention program was developed in a Japanese community to reduce the risk factors leading to stroke. The program contained several fundamental components: annual checkups, referrals to clinics for those who were considered high risk, health campaigns, and more. After only 3 years, the results demonstrated that over 86% of the town’s residents had participated in the screening program. With a reduction in severe hypertension and stroke incidence, the program was considered a success, and efforts were scaled up nationally. Over the years, the program has become the prototype for stroke prevention, including being endorsed by the World Health Organ...
Dairy product intake was suggested to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancers. This study inv... more Dairy product intake was suggested to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancers. This study investigated the association between dairy product intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer (PAC) using a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. First, we included 59 774 people aged 40–79 years from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study). The Cox regression was used to compute the hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI of incident PAC for individuals who reported the highest intakes of milk, cheese and yogurt compared with not consuming the corresponding dairy products. Then, we combined our results with those from other four prospective cohort studies that were eligible after searching several databases, in a meta-analysis, using the fixed-effects model before evaluating publication bias and heterogeneity across studies. In the JACC Study, the highest v. no intakes of milk, cheese and yogurt were not associated with the reduced risk of PAC after a med...
BACKGROUND To systematically summarize the association between combined lifestyle (at least three... more BACKGROUND To systematically summarize the association between combined lifestyle (at least three factors, including but not limited to smoking, drinking, physical activity, body mass index, diet) and depressive symptoms by a meta-analysis in general populations. METHODS Multiple electronic databases were searched for observational studies investigating combined lifestyle factors and depressive symptoms published before September 2020. Pooled risk estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Publication bias was conducted using the Egger's and Begg's tests. RESULTS A total of 12 studies with 185,899 participants were included. The pooled OR of depressive symptoms in meta-analysis of 7 cross-sectional studies was 0.53 (0.39, 0.72), I2 = 83.6%, P for heterogeneity <0.001 and the pooled RR was 0.33 (0.12, 0.89), I2 = 95.3%, P for heterogeneity <0.001 in meta-analysis of 5 cohort studies for people with the highest versus lowest score of heathy lifestyles. In sensitivity analyses, the heterogeneity was significantly reduced in cross-sectional studies (pooled OR = 0.74 [0.65, 0.85], I2 = 21.7%, P for heterogeneity = 0.27) and cohort studies (pooled RR = 0.53 [0.38, 0.74], I2 = 15.2%, P for heterogeneity = 0.32). The publication bias corrected by "trim-and-fill" analysis yielded unchanged results. LIMITATIONS Limitations included residual confounding in original studies, heterogeneity between studies, and potential publication bias in the analysis of cross-sectional studies. CONCLUSION The healthy lifestyle was associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms. Adherence to overall healthy lifestyles is essential for the primary prevention of depression in general populations.
ABSTRACT Objective: We investigated, via systematic review and meta-analysis, whether multiple sc... more ABSTRACT Objective: We investigated, via systematic review and meta-analysis, whether multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with the risk of preeclampsia (PE). Methods: From the eligible studies, we pooled odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of PE for pregnant women with MS compared with pregnant women without it using the fixed-effects model. The I 2 measured heterogeneity between studies. Results: Eight eligible studies (9 cohorts) were included. Pregnant women with MS had no excess risk of PE compared with pregnant women without MS (pooled OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.09; I 2 = 0.00%). Conclusion: MS is not associated with PE.
Background Cross-cultural studies studying work-family conflicts (W_F_Cs) are scarce. We compared... more Background Cross-cultural studies studying work-family conflicts (W_F_Cs) are scarce. We compared the prevalence of W_F_Cs, factors predicting it, and its association with self-rated health between Japan and Egypt. Methods Among 4862 Japanese and 3111 Egyptian civil workers who were recruited by a convenience sample in 2018/2019 and reported self-rated health status, we assessed the W_F_Cs by the Midlife Development in the US (MIDUS) and attributed it, by linear regression analyses, to sociodemographic, family, and work variables, and assessed its gender- and country-specific associations with self-rated health by logistic regression analyses. Results W_F_Cs were more prevalent in Egyptian than Japanese women (23.7% vs. 18.2%) and men (19.1% vs. 10.5%), while poor self-rated health was more prevalent in Japanese than Egyptians (19.3% and 17.3% vs. 16.9% and 5.5%). In both genders of countries, longer working hours, shift work, and overtime work predicted higher scores of the work-to...
Background: Hypertension may affect the prognosis of COVID-19 illness. We analyzed the epidemiolo... more Background: Hypertension may affect the prognosis of COVID-19 illness. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics associated with the disease severity and mortality in hypertensive vs. non-hypertensive deceased COVID-19 patients.Methods: We included all the deceased patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to >200 health facilities in Wuhan between December 1 and February 24, 2020. The median survival time in COVID-19 patients with and without hypertension, the association of hypertension with the disease severity, and the risk factors associated with the COVID-19 mortality stratified by the hypertension status were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, logistic regression, and Cox proportional regression, respectively before and after the propensity score-matching (PS) for age and sex.Results: The prevalence of hypertension in the studied 1,833 COVID-19 patients was 40.5%. Patients with hypertension were more likely to have severe COVID...
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Papers by Ehab Eshak