Papers by Etienne Jaillard
Springer eBooks, 2022
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation (ASTI) is a series of peer-reviewed books based on i... more Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation (ASTI) is a series of peer-reviewed books based on important emerging research that redefines the current disciplinary boundaries in science, technology and innovation (STI) in order to develop integrated concepts for sustainable development. It not only discusses the progress made towards securing more resources, allocating smarter solutions, and rebalancing the relationship between nature and people, but also provides in-depth insights from comprehensive research that addresses the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) as set out by the UN for 2030. The series draws on the best research papers from various IEREK and other international conferences to promote the creation and development of viable solutions for a sustainable future and a positive societal transformation with the help of integrated and innovative science-based approaches. Including interdisciplinary contributions, it presents innovative approaches and highlights how they can best support both economic and sustainable development, through better use of data, more effective institutions, and global, local and individual action, for the welfare of all societies. The series particularly features conceptual and empirical contributions from various interrelated fields of science, technology and innovation, with an emphasis on digital transformation, that focus on providing practical solutions to ensure food, water and energy security to achieve the SDGs. It also presents new case studies offering concrete examples of how to resolve sustainable urbanization and environmental issues in different regions of the world. The series is intended for professionals in research and teaching, consultancies and industry, and government and international organizations. Published in collaboration with IEREK, the Springer ASTI series will acquaint readers with essential new studies in STI for sustainable development.
Résume: ,Certaines coupes carac,téristiques des domaines briançonnais de Vanoise et d ' h b i n 5... more Résume: ,Certaines coupes carac,téristiques des domaines briançonnais de Vanoise et d ' h b i n 5öiXjZCssees en revue et comparees. Elles permettent de mettre en évidence, au-dessus de la puissante série carbonatée du Tnas moyen, 30 m de dolomies. a djslocations .syngénétiques, concordantes, ,attribuées au Camien inferieur (Aunes). Puis viennent, discordantes sur ce demier niveau ou, localement, sur le Nonen, des breches dolomiti ues atteignant 100 m d'epaisseur, contemporaines de l'émersion du Lias-Dogger et ro B ablement, de la transgression ui suit Aimes, Ambin). Celle-ci est localement materiafsée ar des marbres sombres bre&iques [Bourget, Ambin) et de minces lentilles de détritisme ssiceux (Aimes, Ambin). dien superieur-Kmmeridgien (Bour et), encadrent un niveau tres repandu de breches zolygéniques, et sont surmontees de mar%res purs. Dans la sedimentation pelagi ue du Cretace supeneur, s'intercalent des lentilles détntiques (Ambin) qui annonceni les F ormations resedimentees des zones p!us +temes, et un niveau de calcschistes a blocs et gres resedimentes date du Maastnchtien superieur (à Paléocène inferieur ?)(Aimes). Ces series, caractérisées par une faible erosion syn-rifting et par une sédimentation post-rifting riche en condensations et remaniements. sont interprêtées comme issues de la pente qui, au Jurassique supérieur-CrétacP, unissait probablement le Briançonnais exteme dépourvu de detntisme, ej le Briançonnais inteme nche en resedimentations. Dans ce Gemier !'abondance du detritisme siliceux fait envisager l'existence d'un vaste domaine Deux lacunes sedimentaires, respectivement datées du Callovien supérieur et de 1'Oxfor-ultra-bnançonnais" essentiellement cristallin, tectonise et erode au Cretacé superieur. Extemal tp intemal transition in the Briançonnais zone of Savoie: the aigudle des Aimes, the Roc du Bourget and the Ambm massif.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2003
International audienc
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2004
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2019
This key note is given in honor of the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess, born in London, August 20... more This key note is given in honor of the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess, born in London, August 20, 1831 and died in Vienna in April 26, 1914. It aims to illustrate, using some key selected stratigraphic intervals from the Tunisian geological archive, how Edward Suess’s concepts are still relevant and is also planned to briefly introduce the most important features of the Geology of Tunisia for the guests of the CAJG Conference, November 2018) This key note is given in honor of the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess, born in London, August 20, 1831 and died in Vienna in April 26, 1914. It aims to illustrate, using some key selected stratigraphic intervals from the Tunisian geological archive, how Edward Suess’s concepts are still relevant and is also planned to briefly introduce the most important features of the Geology of Tunisia for the guests of the CAJG Conference, November 2018). Some of these features are in relation with the Gondwanan super continent development and fragmentation while other are connected to the Tethyan Ocean developed between the Gondwana to the south and Eurasia to the north during the Mesozoic before the onset of its closure during the Cenozoic. Indeed, it will be shown progressively during the presentation that the major events that accompanied the history of the Geology of Tunisia fit perfectly the line of thoughts that Eduard Suess had at the end of the nineteenth century especially about the role played by sea level fluctuations in the build of the stratigraphic archive. This conference also brings additional arguments to his theory which continues to impact our kind of reasoning, even if this conveys new modern terms created to explain more the process controlling the global Earth’s dynamics especially the global plate tectonics and the eustatic movement theories. Among the concepts and ideas, proposed for the first time by this imminent “geoscientist”, based on his exploration and geological investigations of distant regions of the world, some are retained for the purpose of our conference: (1) The hypothesis of the existence, 500 million years ago, of an ancient supercontinent named Gondwana or Gondwanaland (Eduard Suess 1885). This “megacontinent” eventually split into several continents which are Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula. (2) The hypothesis of the existence of an inland sea designated the “Tethys” (with reference to the Greek Goddess of the Sea) situated between Gondwana to the South and Laurasia to the North (Eduard Suess 1893). (3) the creation of the term Eustasy, (Edward Suess, in 1988, translated and published in English in 1906) to describe the rises and falls of sea level (eustatic movements) as a major factors controlling the development of transgressive and regressive events correlatable worldwide. The above three concepts among other important ideas, mainly related to tectonics (genesis of the Alps and the introduction of the concept of the east African rift fracture in 1881, etc....) have been detailed in his famous and monumental, three volume treaty entitled “The Face of the Earth” (1885–1909) just before Wegener’s Continental drift theory presented in 1912 and also the establishment of the theory of plate tectonic in the 1960s which greatly changed the line of thinking of geologists about the dynamic evolution of the Planet. M. Soussi (&) Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology Laboratory (LR18ES07), Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 M. Boughdiri et al. (eds.), Paleobiodiversity and Tectono-Sedimentary Records in the Mediterranean Tethys and Related Eastern Areas, Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01452-0_1 3 1 Why Tunisia Can Be Considered as Good Example Supporting Eduard Suess’s Concepts? 1. Tunisia is situated in a remarkable situation between Africa and Europe. Indeed, with its Atlassic and Tellian domains, situated to the north and displaying intensive deformation typical of the Alpine Orogenic system stretching from Morocco to the West into the Himalayan ranges from China to the East and its relatively stable Saharan platform domain, belonging to a cratonic domain situated in the south, Tunisia can be considered as useful relay or bridge between South America, Africa and Europe that can serve for any attempt of geological reconstruction between theses continents through geological time. 2. Its Phanerozoic stratigraphic record can be split into two Megacycles. The first one, which extends between 590 and 251 Ma (Paleozoic), is encountered in the Ghadames Basin (southern Tunisia) currently buried under the desert (Oriental Erg) while the second Megacycle, comprising the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic (=251 Ma) is well exposed in the Saharan platform domain to the south and in the Atlassic foreland belt system (Central and North of Tunisia) to…
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 1998
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 30, 1998
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 28, 1999
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 1998
Cretaceous Research
Hamra (Central Tunisia), it became clear that the age of the 'Knemiceras beds' of south Central T... more Hamra (Central Tunisia), it became clear that the age of the 'Knemiceras beds' of south Central Tunisia had to be revised. Jaillard et al (2022) unequivocally showed that the 'Knemiceras beds' of the authors was lower Albian in age. Figure 2. The measured sections of the Chott area, showing the lithological sequence and the ammonite faunas collected during the present study. The highly endemic character of the ammonite faunas of the Chott Basin does not facilitate the stratigraphic correlations with Central Tunisia. However, the presence of Mellegueiceras chihaouiae Latil, 2011 and 'Hypacanthoplites' aff. 'H.' buloti Latil, 2011 in the lower part of the series, and Parengonoceras bussoni Collignon, 1965 in the upper part of fossiliferous beds, allowed to precise the biostratigraphic correlations (Jaillard et al., 2022), herein modified according to paleontological data (Fig. 2). 3. Systematic paleontology Dimensions are given in millimetres: D = diameter; Wb = whorl breadth; Wh = whorl height; U = umbilicus; v = width of the venter; dc = distance between two successive ventrolateral tubercles; dc/Wh = ventrolateral tubercles density; v = width of the venter.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 1998
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Earth-Science Reviews
A review of the tectonic events recorded by sediments on the Andean continental margin of norther... more A review of the tectonic events recorded by sediments on the Andean continental margin of northern Peru and Ecuador and on the accreted oceanic terranes of Ecuador, allows to identify three tectonic events of late Campanian to late Paleocene age (~75 to ~55 Ma). Each tectonic event resulted in the arrival of quartz-rich deposits on the oceanic units and in a sedimentary hiatus in the backarc zone (Oriente basin), which both indicate an uplift of the South-American continental margin. This is interpreted as the underplating of oceanic terranes beneath the Andean continental margin. After the Incaic contractional phase (~40 Ma), the Oriente Basin recorded a sharp increase in the subsidence rate, the westward migration of the depocenters and a drastic change in the detrital source around 25 Ma, which indicate the onset of its foreland basin evolution, driven by flexural subsidence. It is therefore proposed that the Ecuadorian Andes resulted first from the evolution of a western, westverging orogenic wedge, made of accreted oceanic material (~75-40 Ma). Once this western wedge overthickened and submitted to strong vertical body forces, the strain related to oceancontinent convergence was transmitted to the continental plate, where a second, eastern, eastverging orogenic wedge formed about 25 Ma ago. This scenario accounts for the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Ecuadorian-north Peruvian margin, and explains why, in spite of a moderate elevation, the partly oceanic crustal root of the Ecuadorian Andes, is almost as thick as beneath the high-altitude Altiplano of southern Peru and Bolivia, where the crustal root is mainly of continental nature.
An overview of the diversified North African Cretaceous oyster faunas, which have a faunal distri... more An overview of the diversified North African Cretaceous oyster faunas, which have a faunal distribution from Peru to Central Asia, is given. The faunal associations known as the "African facies" oysters originated in the uppermost Albian (Vraconian). These faunas present three main developmental stages : uppermost Albian to Upper Cenomanian, Coniacian-Santonian, Campanian-Maastrichtian. The first two stages are characterised by a probable west to east faunal migration. The Campanian-Maastrichtian interval shows a more complex pattern : it probably combines a eastwest migration with an influence from the northern Tethys margin andlor from the Temperate.Realm. Huîtres crétacées d'Afrique du Nord : origine et distribution Mors clés.-Afrique du Nord, Téthys, Crétacé, Huîtres, Distribution, Migration. Résumé.-Les faunes très diversifiées d'huîtres du Crétacé d'Afrique du Nord sont discutées. Des faunes très semblables étaient distribuées du Pérou jusqu'en Asie centrale. L'association faunique, connue comme << in facies africana)) débute B 1'Albien supérieur (Vraconien). Trois étapes peuvent être distinguées dans le développement de ces faunes : une première étape eut lieu de l'Albien supérieur au Cénomanien supérieur, une seconde du Coniacien au Santonien, et la troisième du Campanien au Maastrichtien terminal. Les deux premières ont été très probablement caractérisées par une migration de faunes de l'ouest vers l'est. pour l'intervalle Campanien-Maastrichtien la situation était plus complexe : elle a combiné une migration est-ouest, avec une influence de la marge nord de la Téthys et/ou du domaine tempéré.
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2014
During the Cretaceous, the Andean margin of Peru and Ecuador comprised arc and forearc zones, a s... more During the Cretaceous, the Andean margin of Peru and Ecuador comprised arc and forearc zones, a subsident western trough, an axial threshold, and a shallow marine to continental eastern basin, often named the Oriente basin. Therefore, the latter represented the easternmost marine area of the active margin. The mainly marine Albian-Maastrichtian succession of the Oriente Basin of Ecuador (Napo Gp, fig.) is marked by four conspicuous facies (Jaillard et al. 1995). The first one consists of massive transgressive, often glauconitic sandstones with erosional base. The second one is made of thin-bedded bioclastic limestones with erosional base, deposited in an open marine shallow shelf environment. The third one is constituted by unbioturbated laminated black shales deposited in a marine, very low-energy, disoxic to anoxic environment. The fourth facies is represented by massive laminated and unbioturbated limestones deposited on a very low energy, disoxic marine shelf. Other facies include open marine marls, marine sand sheets and prograding sandstones. Such a facies succession express the alternation of open marine environments with moderate energy, and restricted low-energy depositional periods. This alternation can be explained through the dynamics of the marine Cretaceous sedimentation of the Oriente basin, controlled by palaeogeographic and climatic features, and by the creation rate of accomodation space. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ORIENTE BASIN OF ECUADOR Palaeogeography. The Oriente basin is located on the eastern side of the South American continent. It was therefore protected from the eastward blowing dominant winds and eastward migrating tropical storms (Whalen 1995). This situation was also responsible for the occurrence of upwellings currents that induced a high planctonic productivity zone and, therefore, an 0 2 depleted layer in the water column (Arthur & Sageman 1995). This latter could invade the neighbouring shallow platform, namely the Andean basins, during important sea-level rises, provoking the deposit of anoxic beds (Wignall 1991). Finally, the upwelling of cold water contributed to the inhibition of sedimentary production, and thus favoured the preservation of the organic matter. Several types of topographic thresholds protected the Oriente Basins from the open marine influences. During at least Albian times, a locally emergent volcanic arc developed. During Senonian times, contractional movements produced the emergence of part of the present-day coastal areas. Finally, paleogeographic highs, such as the "Maraiion geanticline" acted as efficient thresholds during most of the Cretaceous. These barriers limited significantly the oceanic influences. Most of the marine Cretaceous deposits of the basin are of shallow marine environment. Therefore, the basin was very shallow and its average slope was very low. This feature probably favoured the damping out by friction over the sea-bottom of the open marine factors such as swell, tides, storms and currents. In contrast, the very low gradient may have induced local high velocity tidal currents, since tide surges covered large horizontal distances, even with microtidal regime (Tucker & Wright 1990). These characteristics altogether explain that the basin was generally protected from the oceanic energetic factors, and that most of the sediments were deposited in very low-energy conditions (Irwin 1965, Friedman & Sanders 1978). Climate. "Middle" and early Late Cretaceous times were a period of greenhouse climate (Hallam
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2004
Two accreted oceanic terranes are classically recognized in the Cordillera Occidental of Central ... more Two accreted oceanic terranes are classically recognized in the Cordillera Occidental of Central Ecuador, the Macuchi island arc to the West, and the Pallatanga oceanic terrane to the East. Detailed stratigraphic studies of the sedimentary cover of the "Pallatanga terrane" show that it actually comprises two terranes. During the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian, the eastern terrane received partially continent-derived turbidites, demonstrating that it was accreted to the Andean margin before mid Campanian times, i.e. 85-80 Ma ago. Meanwhile, the western terrane received fine-grained, pelagic siliceous black cherts indicating that it still belonged to the oceanic realm during mid Campanian-Maastrichtian times. Both series are unconformably overlain by a thick, coarsening upward siliciclastic series of Paleocene age, demonstrating that the western terrane accreted to the eastern one during the late Maastrichtian (≈ 69-65 Ma). The thick Paleocene clastic series recorded the uplift of the Eastern Cordillera, which was triggered by the latter accretion, and enhanced by the Late Paleocene accretion (≈ 58 Ma) of the Piñón oceanic terrane of southern coastal Ecuador.
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Papers by Etienne Jaillard