This article presents the results of a telephone survey of U. S. -based, nature-oriented tour ope... more This article presents the results of a telephone survey of U. S. -based, nature-oriented tour operators. Emphasis is placed on the types of activities , destinations, clientele, limitations to growth, and potential benefits for development.
What does it take to effectively involve the private sector in forest plantation development? Gov... more What does it take to effectively involve the private sector in forest plantation development? Governments and their respective forestry agencies are increasingly asking this question. Although the potential role that forest plantations can play in supplying wood, non-wood forest products and environmental services sustainably has been recognized, understanding the policy
In tropical forests, RIL has been tested and appliedon a small scale for more than a decade. Vari... more In tropical forests, RIL has been tested and appliedon a small scale for more than a decade. Various timber-producing countries in Asia and the Pacific have recognized its potential for advancing sustainable forest management. Yet many questions remain and the lack of sound and appropriate information continues to impede the widespread application of RIL. This book helps fill that critical information gap. It includes a wealth of information that was presented during the International conference on the application of reduced impact logging to advance sustainable forest management, 26 February to 1 March 2001, Kuching, Malaysia. The conference assessed past and ongoing efforts to implement RIL and considered options for future application. It reflects an important milestone in the efforts to improve forest management in the region. While acknowledging that considerable challenges lie ahead, it provides reason for cautious optimism concerning the wider application of RIL in the future.
Bringing back the forests policies and practices for degraded lands and forests proceedings of an... more Bringing back the forests policies and practices for degraded lands and forests proceedings of an international conference 7-10 October 2002, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , Bringing back the forests policies and practices for degraded lands and forests proceedings of an in... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
There is broad consensus that timber harvesting must be improved to achieve sustainable forest ma... more There is broad consensus that timber harvesting must be improved to achieve sustainable forest management. Reduced impact logging (RIL) is a key component of better forest management. Its implementation is largely contingent on satisfying economic and institutional concerns. In tropical forests, RIL has been tested and applied on a small scale for more than a decade. Various timber-producing countries in Asia and the Pacific have recognized its potential for advancing sustainable forest management. Yet many questions remain and the lack of sound and appropriate information continues to impede the widespread application of RIL. This publication helps fill that critical information gap. It includes a wealth of information that was presented during the International conference on the application of reduced impact logging to advance sustainable forest management, held from 26 February to 1 March 2001, in Kuching, Malaysia. The conference assessed past and ongoing efforts to implement RI...
Assisted natural regeneration (ANR) is a simple, low-cost forest restoration method that can effe... more Assisted natural regeneration (ANR) is a simple, low-cost forest restoration method that can effectively convert deforested lands of degraded vegetation to more productive forests. The method aims to accelerate, rather than replace, natural successional processes by removing or reducing barriers to natural forest regeneration such as soil degradation, competition with weedy species, and recurring disturbances (e.g., fire, grazing, and wood harvesting). Compared to conventional reforestation methods involving planting of tree seedlings, ANR offers significant cost advantages because it reduces or eliminates the costs associated with propagating, raising, and planting seedlings. It is most effectively utilized at the landscape level in restoring the protective functions of forests such as watershed protection and soil conservation. ANR techniques are flexible and allow for the integration of various values such as timber production, biodiversity recovery, and cultivation of crops, fruit trees, and non-timber forest products in the restored forest. This paper describes the steps of applying ANR and conditions under which it will be most effective. It also discusses ANR's comparative advantages as well as some of its constraints.
Plantations of agricultural and industrial crops, such as rubber, coconut, bamboo, and oil palm, ... more Plantations of agricultural and industrial crops, such as rubber, coconut, bamboo, and oil palm, are providing important new "wood" sources for forest industries in Asia. Several of these new woods are becoming mainstreamspecies in the manufacture of traditional forest products and in the production of innovative product lines in Asia. The estimated 27.4 million hectares of these crops in the region constitute an enormous resource that is still largely untapped. Technological improvements are permitting the use of previously wasted materials into plywood, particleboard, paper, and even lumber and furniture. The acceleration in rubberwood processing during the past decade is indicative of the potential importance that other crops may soon assume in Asian markets.
Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development, 2011
or shifting the dependence to other countries by importing large volumes of primary products). It... more or shifting the dependence to other countries by importing large volumes of primary products). It is, therefore, important to examine whether the situation in South Asia is conducive to forest stability and recovery. The paper is divided into four sections. The fi rst section provides an overview of important changes in the forest sector based on broad indicators such as the extent of forests, growing stock, pace of afforestation and reforestation, state of trees outside forests, changes in objectives of management, extent of protected area,
In recent years, a great deal of attention has focused on low-impact logging, or reduced-impact l... more In recent years, a great deal of attention has focused on low-impact logging, or reduced-impact logging (RIL), as one approach for moving toward sustainable forest management. As an example of the interest in RIL, earlier this year more than 260 people participated in an international conference on the application of reduced impact logging, convened in Kuching, Malaysia. The conference was organized by the Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission, FAO, and nine other organizations.
Certification has been developed as an instrument for promoting sustainable forest management. Al... more Certification has been developed as an instrument for promoting sustainable forest management. Although the initial focus of certification was on tropical forests, it rapidly shifted to encompass all forest types. Ten years after the first certification schemes were developed, most (91.8 percent) of the 271 million hectares of forests that have been certified are located in Europe and North America. Only 13 percent of certified forests are located in developing countries and only 5 percent of the certified forests are located in the tropics. Among the reasons for this disparity are: weak market demand for certified products in global markets; wide gaps between existing management standards and certification requirements; weak implementation of national forest legislation, policies and programs in developing countries; insufficient capacity to implement sustainable forest management at the forest management unit level and to develop standards and delivery mechanisms; and the high direct and indirect costs of obtaining certification in developing countries. Despite these challenges and constraints, many developing countries remain interested in pursuing certification. Several promising developments have recently emerged that may give further encouragement to developing countries' efforts, including supportive codes of forestry practice, stepwise approaches to certification and increasing interest in forest certification and certified products in the Asia-Pacific region.
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imp... more The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented or trademarked, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO or the governments it represents. FAO does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO's endorsement of users' views, products or services is not implied in any way.
This article presents the results of a telephone survey of U. S. -based, nature-oriented tour ope... more This article presents the results of a telephone survey of U. S. -based, nature-oriented tour operators. Emphasis is placed on the types of activities , destinations, clientele, limitations to growth, and potential benefits for development.
What does it take to effectively involve the private sector in forest plantation development? Gov... more What does it take to effectively involve the private sector in forest plantation development? Governments and their respective forestry agencies are increasingly asking this question. Although the potential role that forest plantations can play in supplying wood, non-wood forest products and environmental services sustainably has been recognized, understanding the policy
In tropical forests, RIL has been tested and appliedon a small scale for more than a decade. Vari... more In tropical forests, RIL has been tested and appliedon a small scale for more than a decade. Various timber-producing countries in Asia and the Pacific have recognized its potential for advancing sustainable forest management. Yet many questions remain and the lack of sound and appropriate information continues to impede the widespread application of RIL. This book helps fill that critical information gap. It includes a wealth of information that was presented during the International conference on the application of reduced impact logging to advance sustainable forest management, 26 February to 1 March 2001, Kuching, Malaysia. The conference assessed past and ongoing efforts to implement RIL and considered options for future application. It reflects an important milestone in the efforts to improve forest management in the region. While acknowledging that considerable challenges lie ahead, it provides reason for cautious optimism concerning the wider application of RIL in the future.
Bringing back the forests policies and practices for degraded lands and forests proceedings of an... more Bringing back the forests policies and practices for degraded lands and forests proceedings of an international conference 7-10 October 2002, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , Bringing back the forests policies and practices for degraded lands and forests proceedings of an in... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
There is broad consensus that timber harvesting must be improved to achieve sustainable forest ma... more There is broad consensus that timber harvesting must be improved to achieve sustainable forest management. Reduced impact logging (RIL) is a key component of better forest management. Its implementation is largely contingent on satisfying economic and institutional concerns. In tropical forests, RIL has been tested and applied on a small scale for more than a decade. Various timber-producing countries in Asia and the Pacific have recognized its potential for advancing sustainable forest management. Yet many questions remain and the lack of sound and appropriate information continues to impede the widespread application of RIL. This publication helps fill that critical information gap. It includes a wealth of information that was presented during the International conference on the application of reduced impact logging to advance sustainable forest management, held from 26 February to 1 March 2001, in Kuching, Malaysia. The conference assessed past and ongoing efforts to implement RI...
Assisted natural regeneration (ANR) is a simple, low-cost forest restoration method that can effe... more Assisted natural regeneration (ANR) is a simple, low-cost forest restoration method that can effectively convert deforested lands of degraded vegetation to more productive forests. The method aims to accelerate, rather than replace, natural successional processes by removing or reducing barriers to natural forest regeneration such as soil degradation, competition with weedy species, and recurring disturbances (e.g., fire, grazing, and wood harvesting). Compared to conventional reforestation methods involving planting of tree seedlings, ANR offers significant cost advantages because it reduces or eliminates the costs associated with propagating, raising, and planting seedlings. It is most effectively utilized at the landscape level in restoring the protective functions of forests such as watershed protection and soil conservation. ANR techniques are flexible and allow for the integration of various values such as timber production, biodiversity recovery, and cultivation of crops, fruit trees, and non-timber forest products in the restored forest. This paper describes the steps of applying ANR and conditions under which it will be most effective. It also discusses ANR's comparative advantages as well as some of its constraints.
Plantations of agricultural and industrial crops, such as rubber, coconut, bamboo, and oil palm, ... more Plantations of agricultural and industrial crops, such as rubber, coconut, bamboo, and oil palm, are providing important new "wood" sources for forest industries in Asia. Several of these new woods are becoming mainstreamspecies in the manufacture of traditional forest products and in the production of innovative product lines in Asia. The estimated 27.4 million hectares of these crops in the region constitute an enormous resource that is still largely untapped. Technological improvements are permitting the use of previously wasted materials into plywood, particleboard, paper, and even lumber and furniture. The acceleration in rubberwood processing during the past decade is indicative of the potential importance that other crops may soon assume in Asian markets.
Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development, 2011
or shifting the dependence to other countries by importing large volumes of primary products). It... more or shifting the dependence to other countries by importing large volumes of primary products). It is, therefore, important to examine whether the situation in South Asia is conducive to forest stability and recovery. The paper is divided into four sections. The fi rst section provides an overview of important changes in the forest sector based on broad indicators such as the extent of forests, growing stock, pace of afforestation and reforestation, state of trees outside forests, changes in objectives of management, extent of protected area,
In recent years, a great deal of attention has focused on low-impact logging, or reduced-impact l... more In recent years, a great deal of attention has focused on low-impact logging, or reduced-impact logging (RIL), as one approach for moving toward sustainable forest management. As an example of the interest in RIL, earlier this year more than 260 people participated in an international conference on the application of reduced impact logging, convened in Kuching, Malaysia. The conference was organized by the Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission, FAO, and nine other organizations.
Certification has been developed as an instrument for promoting sustainable forest management. Al... more Certification has been developed as an instrument for promoting sustainable forest management. Although the initial focus of certification was on tropical forests, it rapidly shifted to encompass all forest types. Ten years after the first certification schemes were developed, most (91.8 percent) of the 271 million hectares of forests that have been certified are located in Europe and North America. Only 13 percent of certified forests are located in developing countries and only 5 percent of the certified forests are located in the tropics. Among the reasons for this disparity are: weak market demand for certified products in global markets; wide gaps between existing management standards and certification requirements; weak implementation of national forest legislation, policies and programs in developing countries; insufficient capacity to implement sustainable forest management at the forest management unit level and to develop standards and delivery mechanisms; and the high direct and indirect costs of obtaining certification in developing countries. Despite these challenges and constraints, many developing countries remain interested in pursuing certification. Several promising developments have recently emerged that may give further encouragement to developing countries' efforts, including supportive codes of forestry practice, stepwise approaches to certification and increasing interest in forest certification and certified products in the Asia-Pacific region.
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imp... more The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented or trademarked, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO or the governments it represents. FAO does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO's endorsement of users' views, products or services is not implied in any way.
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