Papers by Philippe Druart
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 1989
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Acta Horticulturae, 2018
Epoxiconazole like others triazole fungicides are known to be persistent in the soil. Several stu... more Epoxiconazole like others triazole fungicides are known to be persistent in the soil. Several studies using foliar application experiments demonstrated the effect of its triazole metabolite as plant growth regulator through the anti-gibberellin activity. And notably, the reduction of Brassica napus L. growth can be attributed to the inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis at the stage of conversion of ent-kaurene to entkaurenoic acid. We describe here an in vitro experiment studying the relationship between epoxiconazole in culture medium (0 mg L⁻¹, 0.120 mg L⁻¹ and 0.200 mg L⁻¹) and the phenotyping (root and shoot growth) of three varieties of winter rapeseeds (Brassica napus L. var. Catalina, var. ES Astrid and var. Toccata). Plantlets fungicide content was quantified using the QuEChERS extraction method following by an automated UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Results showed that the shoots and roots growth of Brassica napus L. plantlets was significantly inhibited by epoxiconazole at 0.120 mg L⁻¹ independently of the variety. The concentration of 0.200 mg L⁻¹ leaded to necrosis and anthocyanosis symptoms and can be considered as lethal for in vitro growing explants. The huge epoxiconazole absorption by rapeseed plantlets clearly showed a dose-dependent relationship and was closely similar for the three varieties.
Plant Pathology, 2015
Identification of resistance to Phytophthora ×alni could provide the basis for a management strat... more Identification of resistance to Phytophthora ×alni could provide the basis for a management strategy against alder decline in riparian ecosystems in Europe. This study aimed to test methods to evaluate the resistance of riparian alders to the disease, and to screen alder genotypes for resistance. Phytophthora ×alni isolates were compared for their aggressiveness (lesion length on stem) and sporulation capacity (sporangia). While no difference in lesion lengths was found between isolates, sporangia production was dependent on isolate, highlighting the need for careful selection of isolates used for zoospore inoculation methods. Inoculation tests carried out at different periods of the year revealed a seasonal change in susceptibility to the disease, with the period from June to September being the most efficient for inoculation tests. Stem‐wounded inoculations, carried out on excised shoots, were unreliable for evaluating the level of resistance of alder genotypes to P. ×alni infecti...
Acta Horticulturae, 2001
ABSTRACT Whole plants have been recovered from mesophyll protoplasts of P. incisa x serrula origi... more ABSTRACT Whole plants have been recovered from mesophyll protoplasts of P. incisa x serrula originated from in vitro growing leaf tissues. A seven-days mother-shoots pre-culture in liquid MS medium modified with 5.0 mg/1 TDZ, 0.5 mg/1 IBA and 2.0 mg/1 glycine and under continuous 60-rpm agitation, significantly enhanced the protoplasts yield and maintained optimal viability. Further protoplasts culture took place in MS medium with 0.01 mg/1 NAA, 1.0 mg/1 BAP, 0.5 mg/1 Zeatin and enriched with Patat-Ochatt's organic complex. Cell division occurred after 14 days. Friable micro-calluses proliferated on MS basal medium consecutively enriched with 2.0 mg/1 NAA and 0.25 mg/1 BAP and 1.0 mg/1 Zeatin and 0,1 M glycine. After 90 days, calluses were transferred in solid regeneration media. Several regenerants from different protoclones developed on the original medium for shoot proliferation containing 1% galactose. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed the original ploidy level from protoclone to protoclone and from regenerant to another. Ex vitro, their phenotype looks true-to-type.
IV International Symposium on Plum and Prune Genetics, Breeding and Pomology, 1990
... Deogratias, JM, 1987. Utilisation de la culture invitro en vue de l'élimination des ... more ... Deogratias, JM, 1987. Utilisation de la culture invitro en vue de l'élimination des virus NRSV, PDV et CLSV chez le cerisier (Prunus avium L.). Thèse, Université de Bordeaux : 184 p. Donovan, AM, Morgan, KR, Piagniani, C. and James, DS, 1989. ...
V International Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding, 2006
Aneuploidy is reported among several plant species. Issued from openpollinated polyploid plants a... more Aneuploidy is reported among several plant species. Issued from openpollinated polyploid plants and from targeted breeding, most genotypes can be saved after embryo culture that prevents plant failure due to abortion and growth abnormalities respectively. Aneuploid apple material revealed genetically stable through in vitro axillary branching and crossable after ex vitro grafting. However, certain genetic variability occurred after adventitious budding, spontaneously inducing polyploidisation and cytochimerism. Some cytochimerical clones probably sectorial chimeras, reversed to genetically uniform aneuploids after subcultures by axillary branching. Multiapexing and adventitious budding applied to these chimeras led to the regeneration of new genotypes characterized by stable and uniform ploidy or aneuploidy and mixoploidy as well. Different ploidy patterns of regenerants resulted from the hormonal balance of the shoot induction medium. The combination of the aneuploidy with the techniques of in vitro regeneration led to create new genotypes with a limited genetic variability. These are currently used for genetic analysis and the production of seedless fruit. It appears obvious that with the use of specific molecular markers, this way of genetic improvement could support the progression of innovative breeding programs.
International Symposium on Biotechnology of Temperate Fruit Crops and Tropical Species, 2007
Several transformants have been regenerated on the roots of the most dwarfing cherry rootstock &#... more Several transformants have been regenerated on the roots of the most dwarfing cherry rootstock 'Inmil' (P. incisa x serrula) after treatment with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Adventitious buds formed from initial hairy roots ('RIB' clones) and from the roots of primary somatic embryos ('RMI 11' clone). These clones differed by slight to severe alterations of their growth habit in vitro and ex vitro. All the plants rooted in presence of cytokinin during the multiplication stage, shoot elongation was weak with the 'RMI 11' clone more severely altered than 'RIB' clones but rooting was normal with all the regenerants. Differences between regeneration events have been noticed amongst 'RIB' clones after leaf rooting test performed in vitro. First responses of 'RMI 11' transformant to grafting and to further scion cutting performed with two wild cherry clones, showed improvement in grafting rate and rooting rate in absence of auxin treatment. All the lines declined after winter time when grown on their own roots in the greenhouse. That susceptibility to winter stress conditions may be a significant point.
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 1997
ABSTRACTA fast growing callus obtained after cultivating root sections of 1 sm lenght on Murashig... more ABSTRACTA fast growing callus obtained after cultivating root sections of 1 sm lenght on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2 mg/l 1- naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.25 mg/l 6-benzyl- aminopurine (BAP) (pH 5.6) as the hormonal balance, was used as the source of protoplasts. Suspensions of 107 protoplasts/g of fresh weight with 94% viability were cultivated on the basic MS medium supplemented with 9% (W/v) mannitol and 2 mg/l NAA, 0.5 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l zeatin (pH 5.6) for further cell wall regeneration, cell colonies formation and microcalli growth. One root regenerated after subcultivating the calli in MS medium with various combinations of NAA, BAP and Zeatin. A second root regenerated after further calli subcultures on Lepoivre medium only containing 2 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. The paper dwells on the determinant factors for the process of rhizogenesis as an intermediate step towrds obtaining shoot buds on a cherry-tree.
Since the phytoremediation concept appeared, i.e. use of plants to stabilize and/or extract pollu... more Since the phytoremediation concept appeared, i.e. use of plants to stabilize and/or extract pollutants, researches have mainly focussed on studying the efficiency of woody plants in metal extraction. Willows, as fast growing plants and because of their tolerance to difficult edaphic conditions, have been particularly well investigated. In our research, essays were performed with Salix clones, which came from a Walloon collection (ECOLIRIMED project). The first objective was to study the metal tolerance of these local clones by considering their ability to extract the pollutants and their growth (phenotypic approach). The second value of this study lies in the second objective which aims to complete these phenotypic criteria with physiological and proteomic criteria. The combination of these approaches expands our view about metal tolerance: as phenotypical parameters answer the extraction ability challenge, physiological and proteomic ones give answers linked to the health of these ...
Humic substances (HS) are organic compounds resulting from the physical, chemical and microbiolog... more Humic substances (HS) are organic compounds resulting from the physical, chemical and microbiological transformations of organic residues. Present every where in the nature; they are taking part in basic functionalities in any ecosystems involving soils, sediments, waterand landfills. They are heterogeneous and complex carbon macromolecules. Our study aims to compare the effect of HS on in vitro rooting and acclimatization of the Alder species (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn) as tree growing on river banks or wasted areas.Peer reviewe
Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement, 2014
Les forets de mangrove revetent une importance capitale en termes de production de la biomasse et... more Les forets de mangrove revetent une importance capitale en termes de production de la biomasse et du maintien de l'equilibre naturel dans les zones cotieres des regions tropicales. Cependant, les mangroves sont sujettes a une pollution causee par les activites anthropiques. La pollution par les hydrocarbures est l'une des causes qui entrainent le deperissement de cette foret qui ne represente que 1 % de la superficie de l'ensemble des forets tropicales du monde. Plusieurs techniques de depollution des zones contaminees par les hydrocarbures existent. La biodegradation semble etre la mieux adaptee aux ecosystemes des mangroves, seulement cette technique reste confinee au niveau du laboratoire. Des essais in situ en milieu naturel doivent etre realises pour evaluer les resultats obtenus en laboratoire.
Cherry is a member of the Rosaceae family, subfamily Prunoideae, subgenus Cerasus. It is the comm... more Cherry is a member of the Rosaceae family, subfamily Prunoideae, subgenus Cerasus. It is the common name of several Prunus species such as P. avium, P. cerasus, P. mahaleb, P. serotina, P. serrulata, P. incisa and many interspecific hybrids (P. canescens x P. incisa, P. avium x P. cerasus, P. incisa x serrula, etc.).
Thanks to a laboratory, high-throughput and sterile homemade glass chambers system giving us the ... more Thanks to a laboratory, high-throughput and sterile homemade glass chambers system giving us the capacity to follow VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) emissions at any time during plant growth, we are able to compare the phenotype of the plant and its VOC emission in the same time. Although the system could be used for biotic stress too, we decided to investigate the physiological response of oilseed rape plantlets such as model plant concerning two atypical abiotic stresses: cadmium and epoxiconazole. Experiments were achieved under several concentrations corresponding to a gradient from a tolerant to a sublethal dose. Oilseed rape plantlets phenotyping consisted in daily symptoms observation (chlorosis for cadmium stress and shorter internodes length for expoxiconazole stress), shoots and roots length recording and finally, fresh and dry weight assessment. The main goal was therefore to analyse VOC profile with a non-destructive method in parallel to this phenotype characterization in absence of interferences with uncontrolled environmental conditions. Cadmium was chosen because it can be problematic within agricultural soils (phosphate fertilizers among other things) and epoxiconazole because it is a systemic fungicide used in cereals known to be hugely persistent into agricultural soils.Peer reviewe
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Papers by Philippe Druart