Papers by Dr. Wurood Neamah
Caraka Tani, Dec 13, 2023
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most popular vegetable crop in the world. It is grown alm... more Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most popular vegetable crop in the world. It is grown almost all over the world. The biggest challenge in producing this crop is diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum. In developing eco-friendly antifungal selective substances for controlling Fusarium diseases, the role of Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora (Thai basil) aqueous extract against stimulated F. oxysporum was studied in vivo. The presoaked tomato seeds with yeast-treated and untreated O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora extracts were cultivated in F. oxysporum-infused soil. This part investigated the recovery role of these botanical extracts against the Fusarium infection on tomato plants, especially on its growth and biochemical traits. The research showed that the vegetative and floral growth parameters of plant decreased significantly due to F. oxysporum infection. The pigment contents, including carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene in tomato fruits, were also passively affected by fungus infection at variance to phenolic and flavonoid content. Moreover, the O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora extract presoaked seeds remarkably enhanced the growth parameters of plant and the fruit pigment content. There was no significant difference in fungus infection recovery between infected plants that got yeast-treated extract and infected plants that got yeast-untreated extract. However, the pathogen inhibition percentage with extract from yeast-treated Thai basil plants in vitro increased. This research showed that utilizing O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora extract to control F. oxysporum infection of tomato plants was possible and available.
Bionatura (Ibarra - Impresa), Dec 14, 2023
Among medicinal plants humans use, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is essential due to its flavor and... more Among medicinal plants humans use, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is essential due to its flavor and health benefits. A clean environment requires sustainable methods to reduce soil, water, and air pollution. Camel thorn (Alhagi maurorum) is a desert plant distributed widely in Iraq. This experiment investigated the effect of A. maurorumextract spraying on vegetative, floral, and seed numbers of F. vulgare. 0, 1.5 and 3 g L-1 concentrations of shoot root extracts of A. maurorumwere utilized as a foliar application on F. vulgare.A significant increase in studied characteristics of F. vulgare was obtained under extract treatments. Spray with 3 and 1.5 g L-1 of shoot root extracts obtained the highest number of seeds per plant. The results of the present study exhibited a potential to use A. maurorum as a natural fertilizer.
Journal of Immunology, May 1, 2018
Journal of Immunology, May 1, 2017
The Journal of Immunology
The compound 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) belongs to the polychlorinated dibenzodio... more The compound 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) belongs to the polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and is known to act as an immunosuppressant for humoral and cell-mediated responses. In the current study, we investigated TCDD-mediated mechanisms related immunosuppression. Gut microbiota serves an important role in immune function and development of disease, and it has been shown that changes in host microbiota is not only a marker of disease, but also actively contributes to disease pathogenesis. We, therefore, investigated how 3 days of TCDD exposure in mice could alter the gut microbiome compared to control groups. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing on bacterial DNA isolated from fecal samples from the experimental groups. We found separate clustering of the bacterial composition in TCDD versus the vehicle treated groups based on principal coordinate analysis. Interestingly, we found that TCDD-treated mice showed significant decrease in Sutterella, a bacterium belonging ...
The Journal of Immunology
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are bone marrow (BM)-derived cells consisting of monocyt... more Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are bone marrow (BM)-derived cells consisting of monocytic (M-MDSC) or granulocytic (G-MDSC) subtypes with immunosuppressive activity. In the current study, we examined the metabolism and functions of MDSCs induced by TCDD a highly toxic environmental pollutant. Inasmuch, we injected mice with either vehicle or 10μg/kg TCDD interpersonally and found that TCDD increased both M-MDSCs and G-MDSCs in the peritoneal exudate when compared to controls. We determined the cell bioenergetics in TCDD-induced MDSCs when compared to naïve BM-MDSCs. For this purpose, we examined the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and found that TCDD-induced MDSCs had heightened basal respiration, ATP-linked respiration, proton (H+) leak, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity as well as total proton efflux rate (PER) which means more suppressive function when compared to BM-MDSCs. We next examined whether the heightened metabolic potential in TCDD-ind...
Journal of critical reviews, 2021
Supplemental Material (Neamah et al. TCDD Microbiome)
Frontiers in Immunology, 2021
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates T cell ... more Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates T cell function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AhR ligands, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), on gut-associated microbiota and T cell responses during delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction induced by methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) in a mouse model. Mice with DTH showed significant changes in gut microbiota including an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes at the phylum level. Also, there was a decrease in Clostridium cluster XIV and IV, which promote anti-inflammatory responses, and an increase in Prevotella copri that facilitates pro-inflammatory responses. Interestingly, treatment of mice with TCDD attenuated the DTH response, induced Tregs, suppressed Th17 cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and reversed the gut microbiota composition toward normalcy. In contrast, FI...
Frontiers in Immunology, 2021
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), is a transcription factor and an environmental sensor that has b... more Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), is a transcription factor and an environmental sensor that has been shown to regulate T cell differentiation. Interestingly, AhR ligands exert varying effects from suppression to exacerbation of inflammation through induction of Tregs and Th-17 cells, respectively. In the current study, we investigated whether the differential effects of AhR ligands on T cell differentiation are mediated by miRNA during delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction against methylated Bovine Serum Albumin (mBSA). Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with TCDD attenuated mBSA-mediated DTH response, induced Tregs, decreased Th-17 cells, and caused upregulation of miRNA-132. TCDD caused an increase in several Treg subsets including inducible peripheral, natural thymic, and Th3 cells. Also, TCDD increased TGF-β and Foxp3 expression. In contrast, treating mice with FICZ exacerbated the DTH response, induced inflammatory Th17 cells, induced IL-17, and RORγ. Analysis of miRNA profiles f...
The Open agriculture journal, Feb 12, 2024
student, Jessica Sido. I would like to thank people who are working in Iraqi Cultural Attaché for... more student, Jessica Sido. I would like to thank people who are working in Iraqi Cultural Attaché for their support and assistance. Finally, I would like to thank from my deep heart each member in my v family, my mother, my brother, my sisters, my uncles, my aunts, my nephews and my nieces. vi ABSTRACT Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), is a ligand-activated transcription factor that integrates environmental, dietary, microbial and metabolic cues to control various cellular processes, such as the cell cycle, epithelial barrier function, cell migration and immune function. AhR was discovered as the receptor that binds with high affinity to 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and leads to numerous of toxicological outcomes. In the current study, we discovered a critical role played by AhR, following activation by TCDD, in modulating a variety of immunological functions through regulation of epigenetic and microbial pathways. Our data demonstrated that AhR activation triggers MDSC mobilization from bone marrow to peritoneal cavity which correlated with increased levels various of chemokines and their receptors and induced epigenetic changes via modulation of small noncoding RNA molecules and targeted genes. These MDSCs had high levels of immunosuppressive activity and energy metabolic rate. Also, our data provided a novel link between gut microbiome alterations and MDSC induction and function in colon after TCDD administration. Additionally, we provide evidence that Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound is capable to attenuating the immunotoxicological effect of TCDD by altering the migration, differentiation, and suppressive function of MDSCs. Together, our studies demonstrate that AhR can be targeted to suppress inflammation and thus treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as cancer. vii
The Journal of Immunology, 2019
The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an environmental contaminant, is a poten... more The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an environmental contaminant, is a potent ligand for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In the current study, we made an exciting observation that naive C57BL/6 mice that were exposed i.p. to TCDD showed massive mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the peritoneal cavity. These MDSCs were highly immunosuppressive and attenuated Con A–induced hepatitis upon adoptive transfer. TCDD administration in naive mice also led to induction of several chemokines and cytokines in the peritoneal cavity and serum (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL9, G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF, and M-CSF) and chemokine receptors on MDSCs (CCR1, CCR5, and CXCR2). Treatment with CXCR2 or AhR antagonist in mice led to marked reduction in TCDD-induced MDSCs. TCDD-induced MDSCs had high mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic rate and exhibited differential microRNA (miRNA) expression profile. Specifically, there was significant dow...
Nutrients
Previously, we showed that 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an aryl hydrocarbon recept... more Previously, we showed that 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand and a potent and persistent toxicant and carcinogenic agent, induces high levels of murine myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) when injected into mice. In the current study, we demonstrate that Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene; RSV), an AhR antagonist, reduces TCDD-mediated MDSC induction. RSV decreased the number of MDSCs induced by TCDD in mice but also mitigated the immunosuppressive function of TCDD-induced MDSCs. TCDD caused a decrease in F4/80+ macrophages and an increase in CD11C+ dendritic cells, while RSV reversed these effects. TCDD caused upregulation in CXCR2, a critical molecule involved in TCDD-mediated induction of MDSCs, and Arginase-1 (ARG-1), involved in the immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs, while RSV reversed this effect. Transcriptome analysis of Gr1+ MDSCs showed an increased gene expression profile involved in the metabolic pathway...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlor... more Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent ligand for AhR and a known carcinogen. While AhR activation by TCDD leads to significant immunosuppression, how this translates into carcinogenic signal is unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that activation of AhR by TCDD in naïve C57BL6 mice leads to massive induction of myeloid derived-suppressor cells (MDSCs). In the current study, we investigated the role of the gut microbiota in TCDD-mediated MDSC induction. TCDD caused significant alterations in the gut microbiome, such as increases in Prevotella and Lactobacillus, while decreasing Sutterella and Bacteroides. Fecal transplants from TCDD-treated donor mice into antibiotic-treated mice induced MDSCs and increased regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Injecting TCDD directly into antibiotic-treated mice also induced MDSCs, although to a lesser extent. These data suggested that TCDD-induced dysbiosis plays a ...
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Papers by Dr. Wurood Neamah