Background It is not clear whether pre-existing macrovascular complications (ischemic heart disea... more Background It is not clear whether pre-existing macrovascular complications (ischemic heart disease, stroke or peripheral artery disease) are associated with health outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods We conducted cohort studies of adults with pre-existing diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 infection in the UK, France, and Spain during the early phase of the pandemic (between March 2020—October 2020). Logistic regression models adjusted for demographic factors and other comorbidities were used to determine associations between previous macrovascular disease and relevant clinical outcomes: mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) during the hospitalization. Output from individual logistic regression models for each cohort was combined in a meta-analysis. Results Complete data were available for 4,106 (60.4%) individuals. Of these, 1,652 (40.2%) had any prior macrovascular disease of whom 2...
Consultant Histopathologist, who commented on the histology slides. Review process: Double-blind ... more Consultant Histopathologist, who commented on the histology slides. Review process: Double-blind peer review.
Xultophy is the first fixed co-formulation pen containing insulin degludec and the glucagon-like ... more Xultophy is the first fixed co-formulation pen containing insulin degludec and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue liraglutide, authorized for type 2 diabetes patients since 2014. The aim was to review the clinical effectiveness of Xultophy across two hospitals in Wales. Retrospective review of patients commenced on Xultophy between April 2016 and January 2018 was taken. Data related to glycemic control, weight and medication use were collected. Ninety-one patients were initiated on Xultophy, and 60 patients had follow-up for at least 6 months with a mean age of 57.3 years (47% male). Xultophy was well-tolerated, however, abdominal cramps and nausea limited use in three patients. Baseline HbA1c and weight were 84.7 mmol/mol and 101.5 kg. There were significant HbA1c reductions of 9.9 mmol/mol (p < 0.0001) and 13.4 mmol/mol (p < 0.008) at 6 and 12 months, and non-significant changes in weight. Patients with an HbA1c over 84 mmol/mol showed the greatest HbA1c improvemen...
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2013
The impact of the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on postprandial glucose disposition was exa... more The impact of the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on postprandial glucose disposition was examined in conscious dogs to identify mechanisms for its improvement of meal tolerance in humans and examine the tissue disposition of meal-derived carbohydrate. Catheterization for measurement of hepatic balance occurred ≈16 days before study. After being fasted overnight, dogs received a subcutaneous injection of 1.5 μg/kg lixisenatide or vehicle (saline, control; n = 6/group). Thirty minutes later, they received an oral meal feeding (93.4 kJ; 19% protein, 71% glucose polymers, and 10% lipid). Acetaminophen was included in the meal in four control and five lixisenatide dogs for assessment of gastric emptying. Observations continued for 510 min; absorption was incomplete in lixisenatide at that point. The plasma acetaminophen area under the curve (AUC) in lixisenatide was 65% of that in control ( P < 0.05). Absorption of the meal began within 15 min in control but was delayed until ≈30...
Background It is not clear whether pre-existing macrovascular complications (ischemic heart disea... more Background It is not clear whether pre-existing macrovascular complications (ischemic heart disease, stroke or peripheral artery disease) are associated with health outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods We conducted cohort studies of adults with pre-existing diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 infection in the UK, France, and Spain during the early phase of the pandemic (between March 2020—October 2020). Logistic regression models adjusted for demographic factors and other comorbidities were used to determine associations between previous macrovascular disease and relevant clinical outcomes: mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) during the hospitalization. Output from individual logistic regression models for each cohort was combined in a meta-analysis. Results Complete data were available for 4,106 (60.4%) individuals. Of these, 1,652 (40.2%) had any prior macrovascular disease of whom 2...
Consultant Histopathologist, who commented on the histology slides. Review process: Double-blind ... more Consultant Histopathologist, who commented on the histology slides. Review process: Double-blind peer review.
Xultophy is the first fixed co-formulation pen containing insulin degludec and the glucagon-like ... more Xultophy is the first fixed co-formulation pen containing insulin degludec and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue liraglutide, authorized for type 2 diabetes patients since 2014. The aim was to review the clinical effectiveness of Xultophy across two hospitals in Wales. Retrospective review of patients commenced on Xultophy between April 2016 and January 2018 was taken. Data related to glycemic control, weight and medication use were collected. Ninety-one patients were initiated on Xultophy, and 60 patients had follow-up for at least 6 months with a mean age of 57.3 years (47% male). Xultophy was well-tolerated, however, abdominal cramps and nausea limited use in three patients. Baseline HbA1c and weight were 84.7 mmol/mol and 101.5 kg. There were significant HbA1c reductions of 9.9 mmol/mol (p < 0.0001) and 13.4 mmol/mol (p < 0.008) at 6 and 12 months, and non-significant changes in weight. Patients with an HbA1c over 84 mmol/mol showed the greatest HbA1c improvemen...
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2013
The impact of the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on postprandial glucose disposition was exa... more The impact of the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on postprandial glucose disposition was examined in conscious dogs to identify mechanisms for its improvement of meal tolerance in humans and examine the tissue disposition of meal-derived carbohydrate. Catheterization for measurement of hepatic balance occurred ≈16 days before study. After being fasted overnight, dogs received a subcutaneous injection of 1.5 μg/kg lixisenatide or vehicle (saline, control; n = 6/group). Thirty minutes later, they received an oral meal feeding (93.4 kJ; 19% protein, 71% glucose polymers, and 10% lipid). Acetaminophen was included in the meal in four control and five lixisenatide dogs for assessment of gastric emptying. Observations continued for 510 min; absorption was incomplete in lixisenatide at that point. The plasma acetaminophen area under the curve (AUC) in lixisenatide was 65% of that in control ( P < 0.05). Absorption of the meal began within 15 min in control but was delayed until ≈30...
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Papers by Dr Win Lai Yin