Papers by Dr Partha Sarathi Sarkar
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
Aneurysms of the distal PICA are rarely encountered and are challenging lesions prone for surgica... more Aneurysms of the distal PICA are rarely encountered and are challenging lesions prone for surgical rupture. PICA is the greatest of the branches of the vertebral artery, and is the causative vessel for aneurysm in the posterior cranial fossa. Common location of aneurysms of PICA is at its junction with vertebral artery. Aneurysms originating from more distant PICA segments are called distal aneurysms and are very rare, with a prevalence of 0.3%. Cerebral infarction and cranial nerve compression occur commonly with rupture of PICA aneurysm. CT angiography has been proposed superior to conventional angiography in patients with ruptured aneurysms presenting with SAH. Surgical treatment of PICA aneurysms depends on the sites of occurrence. Surgical aneurysm clipping and endovascular coiling are the available treatment options to prevent further complications. Here, we report a rare case of distal PICA aneurysm presenting with diffuse SAH and IVH.
International journal of radiology & radiation therapy, Apr 5, 2017
Intramyometrial pregnancy is the rarest subtype of ectopic pregnancy. It poses a diagnostic and t... more Intramyometrial pregnancy is the rarest subtype of ectopic pregnancy. It poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and hysterectomy may be required due to delay in diagnosis. Misdiagnosis can lead to uterine rupture with life threatening haemorrhage. We report a rare case of intramyometrial ectopic in a 27year old lady, P3L3 with no history of previous abortions. Patient was admitted at 8 weeks of gestation with pelvic pain and haemorrhage. She underwent ultrasound pelvis and MRI pelvis which revealed an intramyometrial ectopic gestation. Findings on diagnostic laparoscopy revealed an asymmetrically enlarged anterior wall of uterus. Hysteroscopy was performed concurrently demonstrating an empty uterine cavity. Medical management was adopted with methotrexate. She was followed up until the Beta HCG levels returned to baseline. This case report illustrates the imaging findings of an exceptional case of intramyometrial ectopic pregnancy.
International Journal of Orthopaedics Sciences, 2017
This is a retrospective study done in St John's Hospital, Bangalore, India where MRI of all knee ... more This is a retrospective study done in St John's Hospital, Bangalore, India where MRI of all knee trauma cases between age groups 17 to 38 was evaluated retrospectively from November 2015 to February 2016. We got a total of 39 positive cases out which 18 cases had features of posterolateral corner injuries. Paediatric and older patients with advanced osteoarthritis were not included in the study. Out of 18 patients, the most common structure to get injured was fibulopopliteal ligament-11(61.1%) and popliteus tendon / muscle-11(61.1%) followed by posterolateral capsule and arcuate ligament complex-10(55.55%) and Lateral collateral ligament-7(38.8%).The most common associations were Anterior cruciate ligament tear 11 out of 18 (61.1%), followed by Meniscus 10 out 0f 18 (55.5%), Medial collateral ligament 2 out of 18 (11.11%), fracture of tibial plateau 2 out of 18 (11.11%)and tear of Posterior cruciate ligament, biceps tendon and patellar retinaculum 1 out 18 each (5.55%).
Annals of International medical and Dental Research, Feb 19, 2017
Undescended testis is one of the most common pediatric disorder of the male endocrine glands and ... more Undescended testis is one of the most common pediatric disorder of the male endocrine glands and the most common genital disorder identified at birth. The undescended testis may be palpable or non-palpable. Approximately 20% of undescended testis are non-palpable and either located in the abdomen or the canaliculi, or atrophic or are completely absent. Identifying the location of ectopic and undescended testes can aid in presurgical planning and help determine the optimal type of surgical correction procedure to be performed. Ultrasound and MRI are the most common imaging exams ordered to detect and locate these two variants. Testicular tissue at ectopic site was identified by presence of characteristic signal intensity pattern, mediastinum testis and its location along empty spermatic canal in cases of inguinal testis either singly or in combination. We conclude that MR imaging is useful in the localization and tissue characterization of nonpalpable testes.
Annals of International medical and Dental Research, Feb 19, 2017
Hydatid cyst is a cosmopolitan parasitic infection that constitutes a problem of public health in... more Hydatid cyst is a cosmopolitan parasitic infection that constitutes a problem of public health in developing countries. The incidence of unusual site is about 8-10%. The psoas muscle is an uncommon location for hydatid cyst accounting for only 1-3 % of cases. The clinical picture depends upon the involved organs, its effects on adjacent structures, complications due to secondary infection, rupture and anaphylaxis caused by hydatid cysts. We report a rare case of hydatid cyst of the psoas muscle in a 44 year old gentleman excised via extra-peritoneal approach.
Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research, 2016
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in paediatric age group is often associated with nonspecific cli... more Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in paediatric age group is often associated with nonspecific clinical complaints. Underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis can lead to severe consequences. Associated findings and complications include haemorrhagic infarction, cortical laminar necrosis, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, parenchymal atrophy and extra-axial haemorrhage. Morbidity and mortality can be significant and long-term neurological sequelae include developmental delay, seizures, sensorimotor and visual deficits. This review highlights the need for early detection of CVT, its associations and complications by Magnetic resonance imaging with Magnetic resonance venography. The various etiologies have also been Discussed.
Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2017
Cysts arising from the lateral neck commonly represent benign lesions such as branchial cysts and... more Cysts arising from the lateral neck commonly represent benign lesions such as branchial cysts and lymphangiomas. Occasionally a cyst of the lateral cervical region is a malignant lesion metastatic from a papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ectopic thyroid tissue within a branchial cleft cyst may present as an exceptional finding: a primary thyroid carcinoma. Here we a report a rare case of ectopic thyroid papillary carcinoma that presented as lateral neck cyst with preoperative diagnosis of branchial cleft cyst. After complete surgical resection and histopathologic examination, the lesion was determined to be a branchial cleft cyst with primary thyroid papillary carcinoma.
Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2017
Undescended testis is one of the most common pediatric disorder of the male endocrine glands and ... more Undescended testis is one of the most common pediatric disorder of the male endocrine glands and the most common genital disorder identified at birth. The undescended testis may be palpable or non-palpable. Approximately 20% of undescended testis are non-palpable and either located in the abdomen or the canaliculi, or atrophic or are completely absent. Identifying the location of ectopic and undescended testes can aid in presurgical planning and help determine the optimal type of surgical correction procedure to be performed. Ultrasound and MRI are the most common imaging exams ordered to detect and locate these two variants. Testicular tissue at ectopic site was identified by presence of characteristic signal intensity pattern, mediastinum testis and its location along empty spermatic canal in cases of inguinal testis either singly or in combination. We conclude that MR imaging is useful in the localization and tissue characterization of nonpalpable testes.
The Journal of medical research, 2016
Dengue viralinfection is common worldwide associated with high morbidity and mortality. Encephali... more Dengue viralinfection is common worldwide associated with high morbidity and mortality. Encephalitis has been well reported and is thought to occur with severe dengue infection leading to liver failure, shock, coagulopathy and leading to cerebral insult. Dengue encephalitis patients usually present with fever, altered sensorium, thrombocytopenia and high antibodytitresat the time of admission.Currently, neurological manifestations related to dengue infections are increasingly being observed. Dengue fever associated with encephalitis has high morbidity and mortality and only few studies have been published regarding Dengue encephalitis. Here, we present MRI findings in a case of Dengue encephalitis focusing on a better understanding of the disease for the clinical practice.
Indian Journal of Case Reports, 2017
Pancreatic pseudocysts are the most common cystic lesions of the pancreas, accounting for 75-80% ... more Pancreatic pseudocysts are the most common cystic lesions of the pancreas, accounting for 75-80% of such masses. Pancreatic pseudocyst with mediastinal extension is a rare clinical entity. Extrapancreatic fluid collections are more often detected in the lesser sac, in the anterior pararenal space, in the posterior pararenal space, in or around the left lobe of the liver, and in the spleen. The extra-abdominal extension is infrequent and the mediastinum is a rare site for the extension of the pancreatic secretion. We present a case of pancreatic mediastinal pseudocyst that presented with palpitations and dysphagia.
Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma is a rare disorder of keratinization. It is associa... more Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma is a rare disorder of keratinization. It is associated with defective keratinization leading to skin fragility, blistering and hyperkeratosis. This condition was difficult to distinguish from staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. We report a case of Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma in a 72 hour old male baby and discussed the differential diagnosis and management of the disease.
International Journal of Medical Research and Review, 2016
Ependymomas arise from the ependymal cells of the ventricular system. Ependymomas are relatively ... more Ependymomas arise from the ependymal cells of the ventricular system. Ependymomas are relatively uncommon nervous system tumors constituting 2%-6% of all gliomas. They represent 4% of all CNS tumors in the adult. Extraventricular ependymomas are especially rare with pure cortical ependymomas uncommon. Ependymomas are the most common of the ependymal tumors, and are considered WHO grade II tumors. The location of ependymomas in adults tends to be different than the location of ependymomas in children. Total tumor resection has the best chance of long term survival. The extent of tumor removal continues to be the strongest factor influencing survival and recurrence. MRI of the brain is usually done every 3 months for the first two years following diagnosis to determine the effectiveness of treatment and to watch for possible recurrence. Supratentorial cortical ependymoma without attachment to the ventricular system is a rare tumor in the adult central nervous system. We present a case of a 25-year-old lady with a large supratentorial cortical ependymoma showing massive calcifications and central cyst formation manifested as headache and generalized seizures.
Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2017
Intramyometrial pregnancy is the rarest subtype of ectopic pregnancy. It poses a diagnostic and t... more Intramyometrial pregnancy is the rarest subtype of ectopic pregnancy. It poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and hysterectomy may be required due to delay in diagnosis. Misdiagnosis can lead to uterine rupture with life threatening haemorrhage. We report a rare case of intramyometrial ectopic in a 27year old lady, P3L3 with no history of previous abortions. Patient was admitted at 8 weeks of gestation with pelvic pain and haemorrhage. She underwent ultrasound pelvis and MRI pelvis which revealed an intramyometrial ectopic gestation. Findings on diagnostic laparoscopy revealed an asymmetrically enlarged anterior wall of uterus. Hysteroscopy was performed concurrently demonstrating an empty uterine cavity. Medical management was adopted with methotrexate. She was followed up until the Beta HCG levels returned to baseline. This case report illustrates the imaging findings of an exceptional case of intramyometrial ectopic pregnancy.
Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2017
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) comprises 2 to 3 percent of all congenital heart disease. ... more Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) comprises 2 to 3 percent of all congenital heart disease. HLHS is uniformly lethal if left untreated; however, there is currently an estimated 70 percent 5-year survival rate for infants who undergo surgical correction. The hypoplastic left heart syndrome encompasses a spectrum of cardiac malformations that are characterized by significant underdevelopment of the components of the left heart and the aorta, including the left ventricular cavity and mass. Its main anatomical characteristics include mitral stenosis or atresia, aortic stenosis or atresia, and hypoplasia of left ventricle. The apex of the heart is usually formed by the right ventricle. The right ventricle is the single functional ventricle maintaining fetal circulation in these patients.After births, due to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance and closure of the ductus arteriosus, infants with HLHS develop a constellation of symptoms that include cyanosis, dyspnea, heart failure, hypoxemia and acidosis. Surgery is the only effective treatment. Unfortunately, even when treated, this disease is associated with significant morbidity including an increased risk of thrombotic complications, decrease in exercise tolerance, and neuro-developmental impairment. Continuous intravenous prostaglandin E1 is used to maintain a PDA to allow adequate systemic perfusion. Nitrogen may be used in some centers to decrease inspired oxygen which increases pulmonary arterial resistance. This therapy encourages systemic rather than pulmonary blood flow and enhances systemic perfusion. Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a type of ventriculoarterial connection in which both the aorta and pulmonary artery arise entirely or predominantly from the right ventricle (RV). The only outlet from the left ventricle (LV) is a ventricular septal defect (VSD). DORV is usually associated with concordant atrioventricular connections with the right atrium draining into the RV and the left atrium draining into the LV. DORV is almost always associated with a VSD and occasionally with an atrial septal defect. Transposition of great arteries is characterized by both the outflows being parallel to each other at the origin. On color Doppler, they show similar color flows, indicating that the direction of flow in both the great vessels is same. Most atrial septal defects involve either the septum primum or septum secundum. Primum atrial septal defect is the simplest form of the atrioventricular septal defect. Secundum atrial septal defect which is the commonest are usually isolated septal defects, but may be related to other cardiac anomalies like mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary or aortic atresia and are occasionally found as part of syndromes like Holt-Oram syndrome.
Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2017
Hydatid cyst is a cosmopolitan parasitic infection that constitutes a problem of public health in... more Hydatid cyst is a cosmopolitan parasitic infection that constitutes a problem of public health in developing countries. The incidence of unusual site is about 8-10%. The psoas muscle is an uncommon location for hydatid cyst accounting for only 1-3 % of cases. The clinical picture depends upon the involved organs, its effects on adjacent structures, complications due to secondary infection, rupture and anaphylaxis caused by hydatid cysts. We report a rare case of hydatid cyst of the psoas muscle in a 44 year old gentleman excised via extra-peritoneal approach.
International Journal of Orthopaedics Sciences, 2017
This is a retrospective study done in St John's Hospital, Bangalore, India where MRI of all knee ... more This is a retrospective study done in St John's Hospital, Bangalore, India where MRI of all knee trauma cases between age groups 17 to 38 was evaluated retrospectively from November 2015 to February 2016. We got a total of 39 positive cases out which 18 cases had features of posterolateral corner injuries. Paediatric and older patients with advanced osteoarthritis were not included in the study. Out of 18 patients, the most common structure to get injured was fibulopopliteal ligament-11(61.1%) and popliteus tendon / muscle-11(61.1%) followed by posterolateral capsule and arcuate ligament complex-10(55.55%) and Lateral collateral ligament-7(38.8%).The most common associations were Anterior cruciate ligament tear 11 out of 18 (61.1%), followed by Meniscus 10 out 0f 18 (55.5%), Medial collateral ligament 2 out of 18 (11.11%), fracture of tibial plateau 2 out of 18 (11.11%)and tear of Posterior cruciate ligament, biceps tendon and patellar retinaculum 1 out 18 each (5.55%).
BMJ case reports, Jan 28, 2016
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2017
Encephalitis refers to an acute, diffuse inflammatory process affecting the brain and viral encep... more Encephalitis refers to an acute, diffuse inflammatory process affecting the brain and viral encephalitis being the most important cause. Imaging of patients with viral encephalitis reveals edema in the affected brain parenchyma with possible diffusion restriction in the acute phase probably due to cytotoxic edema. Depending on the virus grey and white matter of the brain may be involved or a distinct site may be involved such as temporal lobes in HSV encephalitis. Viral encephalitis has a predilection for young and elderly. HSV encephalitis is the most commonly diagnosed viral encephalitis in developing countries. ADEM is an important differential diagnosis to be considered which tends to involve the white matter and the distribution is usually asymmetric. In the present case series we have presented HIV, Herpes, Rota virus, and Dengue manifestations of viral encephalitis. The purpose of this montage is to ensure that the clinician includes the specific virus in the differential diagnosis.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
Aneurysms of the distal PICA are rarely encountered and are challenging lesions prone for surgica... more Aneurysms of the distal PICA are rarely encountered and are challenging lesions prone for surgical rupture. PICA is the greatest of the branches of the vertebral artery, and is the causative vessel for aneurysm in the posterior cranial fossa. Common location of aneurysms of PICA is at its junction with vertebral artery. Aneurysms originating from more distant PICA segments are called distal aneurysms and are very rare, with a prevalence of 0.3%. Cerebral infarction and cranial nerve compression occur commonly with rupture of PICA aneurysm. CT angiography has been proposed superior to conventional angiography in patients with ruptured aneurysms presenting with SAH. Surgical treatment of PICA aneurysms depends on the sites of occurrence. Surgical aneurysm clipping and endovascular coiling are the available treatment options to prevent further complications. Here, we report a rare case of distal PICA aneurysm presenting with diffuse SAH and IVH.
International journal of medical research and review, Jun 30, 2016
Ependymomas arise from the ependymal cells of the ventricular system. Ependymomas are relatively ... more Ependymomas arise from the ependymal cells of the ventricular system. Ependymomas are relatively uncommon nervous system tumors constituting 2%-6% of all gliomas. They represent 4% of all CNS tumors in the adult. Extraventricular ependymomas are especially rare with pure cortical ependymomas uncommon. Ependymomas are the most common of the ependymal tumors, and are considered WHO grade II tumors. The location of ependymomas in adults tends to be different than the location of ependymomas in children. Total tumor resection has the best chance of long term survival. The extent of tumor removal continues to be the strongest factor influencing survival and recurrence. MRI of the brain is usually done every 3 months for the first two years following diagnosis to determine the effectiveness of treatment and to watch for possible recurrence. Supratentorial cortical ependymoma without attachment to the ventricular system is a rare tumor in the adult central nervous system. We present a case of a 25-year-old lady with a large supratentorial cortical ependymoma showing massive calcifications and central cyst formation manifested as headache and generalized seizures.
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Papers by Dr Partha Sarathi Sarkar