ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is an important public health problem in developed and developi... more ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is an important public health problem in developed and developing countries including India. Increasing prevalence of hypertension among rural/tribal population is a concern for India. Therefore the study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and its correlates among the adult tribal population, Maharashtra State. Materials & Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out, during April 2007 to March 2009, in tribal areas of Maharashtra, covering a total of 4,348 adults of ≥ 20 years of age. Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis was done to study association between hypertension and various socio-demographic, behavioral factors and overweight/obesity. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 23% and was significantly higher among men (28%, CI=26-29.9) as compared to women (19%, CI=17.4-20.6). Regression analysis showed that the risk of hypertension was 1.5 times among those engaged in service/business (CI=1.02-2.40) and among housewives (CI=1.17-2.21). Overweight/obesity and central obesity had 2 times higher risk of hypertension (BMI ≥23, CI=1.38-2.60), (OR for Central obesity 1.68, CI=1.19-2.38). Alcohol consumption and tobacco snuffing was significantly (p<0.01) associated with risk of hypertension. Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension is a major public health problem among tribal population and appropriate intervention strategies are needed for prevention and control of hypertension such as increasing awareness, promoting physical activity by reducing overweight/obesity and change in risk behaviour. INTRODUCTION Non-communicable diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are on rise even in developing countries including India due to epidemiological, nutritional, demographic, socio-economic
International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy , 2024
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is still one of the challenging health issues in India in spit... more Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is still one of the challenging health issues in India in spite of various ongoing health programs. Objectives: To find active cases and estimate the incidence of tuberculosis during the last 5 years in rural areas of National Capital Region of Delhi. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study spread over 8046 households covering 23895 populations. The participants were interviewed based on pre-designed interview schedule to select the subjects eligible for sputum collection for CBNAAT test. Other indirect methods like Nominal Group Technique/Key Informant Interviews/Reported Patient-Month, Drug sale and consumption data from Public and Private sectors were also applied for comparing the incidence of disease from the data obtained for the last 5 years. Results: Sample collected from 133 subjects for CBNAAT testing. 12 cases were found positive for Mycobacterium Tuberculous bacilli. Using all the direct and indirect sources of data collection in varying proportions, it has been calculated that the average decline of incidence of tuberculosis within last 5 years found to be 30%. Conclusion: Active Case finding is animportanttool for notification of tuberculosis.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2023
Background: Cholelithiasis is a common surgical condition with an incidence of 1.4 per 100 person... more Background: Cholelithiasis is a common surgical condition with an incidence of 1.4 per 100 persons per year worldwide. Based on evidence more than 50% of cholelithiasis have some sort of lipid disorder. Owing to one of the important causes of hospitalization surgical intervention is required for cholelithiasis for which Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has gained popularity. Removal of the Gall bladder is known to affect the production of bile acid and it causes redistribution of bile in the enterohepatic circulation thus causing changes in the lipid profile. Aim: This study aims to study levels of various constituents of the lipid profile of patients with cholelithiasis pre-& post-operatively on the 7th day and one month after surgery. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was carried out on 33 patients of cholelithiasis admitted to the
International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy, 2022
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome novel Beta-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) re-emerged in N... more Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome novel Beta-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) re-emerged in November 2019 in Wuhan (Hubei, China) and rapidly affected nearly 220countries across the globe due to its highly infectious nature. The purpose for conducting this study is to estimate current COVID-19vaccination hesitancy amongpeople residing in these Rural areas. Such type of study has not been done in most of the region of India. It has been assumed that one of the most important hindrances in attaining the goal for herd immunization in order to reduce the burden of the pandemicity is hesitancy and doubtful attitude and behavior regarding vaccine safety among majority of the population worldwide. The objectives areto estimate the prevalence of Covid-19 Vaccination hesitancy and to assess the associated factors in such rural areas. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study having total participants of 220 were selected by multistage sampling method and interviewed by pretested interview-schedule and collected data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Result: Out of 220 participants, 72were estimated as hesitant towards vaccination against Covid-19(P-value: 0.003). Conclusion: A high prevalence of hesitant population was observed which is 34%. Almost all study parameters were detected to be associated in contributing hesitancy towards vaccination against Covid-19.
Internationa; journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2019
Background: Anaemia is one of the most important micronutrient deficiency disorder in India. Our ... more Background: Anaemia is one of the most important micronutrient deficiency disorder in India. Our community is still facing this challenging issue despite various efforts for running nutritional programmes by Government of India. Studies from urban areas of the State, Uttar Pradesh regarding anaemia during pregnancy are very few whereas the consequences are much more. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women and its association with the various socio-demographic determinants in urban areas of Kanpur. Methodology: Cross-sectional study having total participants of 207 pregnant women was interviewed by pretested questionnaire followed by testing haemoglobin level in blood through Sahli's haemoglobinometer and collected data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0 & Microsoft Excel 2007. Result: Out of 207 pregnant women 163 were anaemic. Conclusion: A high prevalence of anaemia was observed which is 78.7%. Marriage and first pregnancy during adolescent age group, antenatal registration and iron folic acid supplementation during pregnancy were detected significant parameters contributing anaemia. Close monitoring and further evaluations must be needed for the existing nutritional health programmes.
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2019
Background: Anaemia is still one of the challenging issues in India in spite of various ongoing n... more Background: Anaemia is still one of the challenging issues in India in spite of various ongoing nutritional programmes. Very few data have been observed from the state Uttar Pradesh especially from urban areas regarding the status of anaemia during pregnancy. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women and its association with the various socio-demographic determinants in urban areas of Kanpur. Methods: Cross-sectional study having total participants of 207 pregnant women were selected by simple random sampling method and interviewed by pretested questionnaire followed by testing haemoglobin level in blood through Sahli's haemoglobinometer and collected data were analysed using SPSS Version 21.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: Out of 207 pregnant women 163 were estimated as anaemic. Conclusions: A high prevalence of anaemia was observed which is 78.7%. Adolescent age group, lack of sanitation and worm infestations were detected significant parameters contributing anaemia.
Journal of Population and Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
INTRODUCTION: The acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) connotes fever of <14 days durati... more INTRODUCTION: The acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) connotes fever of <14 days duration without any evidence of organ or system specific aetiology. In the majority of hospitals, acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) is a prevalent clinical condition. If the cause of the fever is not identified and treated effectively as soon as possible, it could be fatal.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To study the Prevalence of Aetiologies acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses of the patients at a tertiary care centre in Uttar Pradesh, India.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a Hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the department of Microbiology at Rama Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur. The study was carried out during the monsoon and post monsoon of the year 2022 for a period of 6 months from July 2022 to December 2022. A total of the 1520 clinical samples were recorded out of which there were 106 suspected cases. Sampling method was used and all in-patients fulfilling the AUFI definition were included. All in-patients with <14 days of fever with no localising source of infection were included in the study. The suspected cases was tested for various serological tests. Diagnosis was confirmed by suitable laboratory tests after exhaustive clinical examination.
RESULTS: In the present study the ratio of Male 60 (56.6%) was found to be more as compared to that of Female 46 (43.3%) with the maximum number of cases recorded in the age group of 20-40 years of age and least in the age group above 61 years of age. The most common cause of AUFI was the Dengue with the prevalence rate of 12.2% followed by Typhoid 7.5% , Enteric fever was found to be 7.5% Scrub typus 1.88%, and least for Malaria 0. 9%. It was also noted that there were no positive cases observed for Chikungunya and leptospira. It was also observed that the fever was the most common among all, followed by anaemia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly with the maximum number of cases observed in the month of August to October.
CONCLUSION: When prioritising clinical and diagnostic workup and starting the appropriate empirical and supportive therapy, doctors are guided by their understanding of the local aetiology of AUFI. As the prevalence of multiple infections rises, complete clinical and diagnostic investigation for likely pathogens must be taken into account in AUFI patients who are not responding to treatment.
KEYWORDS: AUFI, Dengue, Leptospira, Chikungunya, Scrub typhus, Malaria, Typhoid
Anaemia affects 1.62 billion people globally with about estimated 56 million pregnant women to be... more Anaemia affects 1.62 billion people globally with about estimated 56 million pregnant women to be anaemic. In India anaemia is widely prevalent in all age groups especially among the most vulnerable groups, the pregnant women. It is a major factor responsible for maternal mortality. This study was planned to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women and its association with various socio-demographic determinants in the urban field practice areas of the Department of Community Medicine, Rama Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, U.P. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 207 pregnant women selected through simple random sampling at urban field practice areas associated with the department of Community. Result: A high prevalence of anaemia 78.7%, was observed in our study. Among 207 selected subjects, 163 pregnant women were found to be anaemic. Among these anemic women, 58 (28%), 90 (43.4%), 15 (7.2%) had mild, moderate an...
Background: Anaemia is one of the most important micronutrient deficiency disorder in India. Our ... more Background: Anaemia is one of the most important micronutrient deficiency disorder in India. Our community is still facing this challenging issue despite various efforts for running nutritional programmes by Government of India. Studies from urban areas of the State, Uttar Pradesh regarding anaemia during pregnancy are very few whereas the consequences are much more. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women and its association with the various socio-demographic determinants in urban areas of Kanpur. Methodology: Cross-sectional study having total participants of 207 pregnant women was interviewed by pretested questionnaire followed by testing haemoglobin level in blood through Sahli’s haemoglobinometer and collected data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0 & Microsoft Excel 2007. Result: Out of 207 pregnant women 163 were anaemic. Conclusion: A high prevalence of anaemia was observed which is 78.7%. Marriage and first pregnancy during adolescent age g...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, May 27, 2019
Anaemia is recognised as a major public health problem throughout the world. According to World H... more Anaemia is recognised as a major public health problem throughout the world. According to World Health Organization (WHO), hemoglobin level below 11 g/dl is labeled as anemia during pregnancy and classified as mild (10.0-10.99 g/dl), moderate (7.0-9.9 g/dl), and severe (less than 7.0 g/dl) anemia. The same criteria are used for diagnosing anaemia in pregnancy. 1 As per the World Bank data, in South Asian countries the prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women averages 50%. 2 According to another study, 56% of pregnant women in the developing countries are affected with anaemia whereas in developed regions, it has been reported to be only 18%. 3,4 Worldwide it is estimated that about 20 percent of maternal death are caused by anaemia, additionally anaemia is responsible partly for 50 percent of all maternal mortality. 5 The National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3) data suggests that anaemia is widely prevalent in all age groups and particularly high among the most vulnerable groups, among pregnant women estimated to be around 58 percent. 6 A study carried out among 7 states by Nutrition Foundation of India (2006) had observed the overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant women found to be 84%. 7 Low haemoglobin concentrations during pregnancy can be associated with an increased risk of maternal and perinatal mortality and low birth weight. 8 In a study having ten year audit, nearly 15% maternal mortality was found owing to anaemia. 9
ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is an important public health problem in developed and developi... more ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is an important public health problem in developed and developing countries including India. Increasing prevalence of hypertension among rural/tribal population is a concern for India. Therefore the study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and its correlates among the adult tribal population, Maharashtra State. Materials &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out, during April 2007 to March 2009, in tribal areas of Maharashtra, covering a total of 4,348 adults of ≥ 20 years of age. Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis was done to study association between hypertension and various socio-demographic, behavioral factors and overweight/obesity. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 23% and was significantly higher among men (28%, CI=26-29.9) as compared to women (19%, CI=17.4-20.6). Regression analysis showed that the risk of hypertension was 1.5 times among those engaged in service/business (CI=1.02-2.40) and among housewives (CI=1.17-2.21). Overweight/obesity and central obesity had 2 times higher risk of hypertension (BMI ≥23, CI=1.38-2.60), (OR for Central obesity 1.68, CI=1.19-2.38). Alcohol consumption and tobacco snuffing was significantly (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.01) associated with risk of hypertension. Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension is a major public health problem among tribal population and appropriate intervention strategies are needed for prevention and control of hypertension such as increasing awareness, promoting physical activity by reducing overweight/obesity and change in risk behaviour. INTRODUCTION Non-communicable diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are on rise even in developing countries including India due to epidemiological, nutritional, demographic, socio-economic
International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy , 2024
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is still one of the challenging health issues in India in spit... more Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is still one of the challenging health issues in India in spite of various ongoing health programs. Objectives: To find active cases and estimate the incidence of tuberculosis during the last 5 years in rural areas of National Capital Region of Delhi. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study spread over 8046 households covering 23895 populations. The participants were interviewed based on pre-designed interview schedule to select the subjects eligible for sputum collection for CBNAAT test. Other indirect methods like Nominal Group Technique/Key Informant Interviews/Reported Patient-Month, Drug sale and consumption data from Public and Private sectors were also applied for comparing the incidence of disease from the data obtained for the last 5 years. Results: Sample collected from 133 subjects for CBNAAT testing. 12 cases were found positive for Mycobacterium Tuberculous bacilli. Using all the direct and indirect sources of data collection in varying proportions, it has been calculated that the average decline of incidence of tuberculosis within last 5 years found to be 30%. Conclusion: Active Case finding is animportanttool for notification of tuberculosis.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2023
Background: Cholelithiasis is a common surgical condition with an incidence of 1.4 per 100 person... more Background: Cholelithiasis is a common surgical condition with an incidence of 1.4 per 100 persons per year worldwide. Based on evidence more than 50% of cholelithiasis have some sort of lipid disorder. Owing to one of the important causes of hospitalization surgical intervention is required for cholelithiasis for which Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has gained popularity. Removal of the Gall bladder is known to affect the production of bile acid and it causes redistribution of bile in the enterohepatic circulation thus causing changes in the lipid profile. Aim: This study aims to study levels of various constituents of the lipid profile of patients with cholelithiasis pre-& post-operatively on the 7th day and one month after surgery. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was carried out on 33 patients of cholelithiasis admitted to the
International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy, 2022
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome novel Beta-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) re-emerged in N... more Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome novel Beta-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) re-emerged in November 2019 in Wuhan (Hubei, China) and rapidly affected nearly 220countries across the globe due to its highly infectious nature. The purpose for conducting this study is to estimate current COVID-19vaccination hesitancy amongpeople residing in these Rural areas. Such type of study has not been done in most of the region of India. It has been assumed that one of the most important hindrances in attaining the goal for herd immunization in order to reduce the burden of the pandemicity is hesitancy and doubtful attitude and behavior regarding vaccine safety among majority of the population worldwide. The objectives areto estimate the prevalence of Covid-19 Vaccination hesitancy and to assess the associated factors in such rural areas. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study having total participants of 220 were selected by multistage sampling method and interviewed by pretested interview-schedule and collected data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Result: Out of 220 participants, 72were estimated as hesitant towards vaccination against Covid-19(P-value: 0.003). Conclusion: A high prevalence of hesitant population was observed which is 34%. Almost all study parameters were detected to be associated in contributing hesitancy towards vaccination against Covid-19.
Internationa; journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2019
Background: Anaemia is one of the most important micronutrient deficiency disorder in India. Our ... more Background: Anaemia is one of the most important micronutrient deficiency disorder in India. Our community is still facing this challenging issue despite various efforts for running nutritional programmes by Government of India. Studies from urban areas of the State, Uttar Pradesh regarding anaemia during pregnancy are very few whereas the consequences are much more. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women and its association with the various socio-demographic determinants in urban areas of Kanpur. Methodology: Cross-sectional study having total participants of 207 pregnant women was interviewed by pretested questionnaire followed by testing haemoglobin level in blood through Sahli's haemoglobinometer and collected data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0 & Microsoft Excel 2007. Result: Out of 207 pregnant women 163 were anaemic. Conclusion: A high prevalence of anaemia was observed which is 78.7%. Marriage and first pregnancy during adolescent age group, antenatal registration and iron folic acid supplementation during pregnancy were detected significant parameters contributing anaemia. Close monitoring and further evaluations must be needed for the existing nutritional health programmes.
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2019
Background: Anaemia is still one of the challenging issues in India in spite of various ongoing n... more Background: Anaemia is still one of the challenging issues in India in spite of various ongoing nutritional programmes. Very few data have been observed from the state Uttar Pradesh especially from urban areas regarding the status of anaemia during pregnancy. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women and its association with the various socio-demographic determinants in urban areas of Kanpur. Methods: Cross-sectional study having total participants of 207 pregnant women were selected by simple random sampling method and interviewed by pretested questionnaire followed by testing haemoglobin level in blood through Sahli's haemoglobinometer and collected data were analysed using SPSS Version 21.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: Out of 207 pregnant women 163 were estimated as anaemic. Conclusions: A high prevalence of anaemia was observed which is 78.7%. Adolescent age group, lack of sanitation and worm infestations were detected significant parameters contributing anaemia.
Journal of Population and Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
INTRODUCTION: The acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) connotes fever of <14 days durati... more INTRODUCTION: The acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) connotes fever of <14 days duration without any evidence of organ or system specific aetiology. In the majority of hospitals, acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) is a prevalent clinical condition. If the cause of the fever is not identified and treated effectively as soon as possible, it could be fatal.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To study the Prevalence of Aetiologies acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses of the patients at a tertiary care centre in Uttar Pradesh, India.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a Hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the department of Microbiology at Rama Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur. The study was carried out during the monsoon and post monsoon of the year 2022 for a period of 6 months from July 2022 to December 2022. A total of the 1520 clinical samples were recorded out of which there were 106 suspected cases. Sampling method was used and all in-patients fulfilling the AUFI definition were included. All in-patients with <14 days of fever with no localising source of infection were included in the study. The suspected cases was tested for various serological tests. Diagnosis was confirmed by suitable laboratory tests after exhaustive clinical examination.
RESULTS: In the present study the ratio of Male 60 (56.6%) was found to be more as compared to that of Female 46 (43.3%) with the maximum number of cases recorded in the age group of 20-40 years of age and least in the age group above 61 years of age. The most common cause of AUFI was the Dengue with the prevalence rate of 12.2% followed by Typhoid 7.5% , Enteric fever was found to be 7.5% Scrub typus 1.88%, and least for Malaria 0. 9%. It was also noted that there were no positive cases observed for Chikungunya and leptospira. It was also observed that the fever was the most common among all, followed by anaemia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly with the maximum number of cases observed in the month of August to October.
CONCLUSION: When prioritising clinical and diagnostic workup and starting the appropriate empirical and supportive therapy, doctors are guided by their understanding of the local aetiology of AUFI. As the prevalence of multiple infections rises, complete clinical and diagnostic investigation for likely pathogens must be taken into account in AUFI patients who are not responding to treatment.
KEYWORDS: AUFI, Dengue, Leptospira, Chikungunya, Scrub typhus, Malaria, Typhoid
Anaemia affects 1.62 billion people globally with about estimated 56 million pregnant women to be... more Anaemia affects 1.62 billion people globally with about estimated 56 million pregnant women to be anaemic. In India anaemia is widely prevalent in all age groups especially among the most vulnerable groups, the pregnant women. It is a major factor responsible for maternal mortality. This study was planned to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women and its association with various socio-demographic determinants in the urban field practice areas of the Department of Community Medicine, Rama Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, U.P. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 207 pregnant women selected through simple random sampling at urban field practice areas associated with the department of Community. Result: A high prevalence of anaemia 78.7%, was observed in our study. Among 207 selected subjects, 163 pregnant women were found to be anaemic. Among these anemic women, 58 (28%), 90 (43.4%), 15 (7.2%) had mild, moderate an...
Background: Anaemia is one of the most important micronutrient deficiency disorder in India. Our ... more Background: Anaemia is one of the most important micronutrient deficiency disorder in India. Our community is still facing this challenging issue despite various efforts for running nutritional programmes by Government of India. Studies from urban areas of the State, Uttar Pradesh regarding anaemia during pregnancy are very few whereas the consequences are much more. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women and its association with the various socio-demographic determinants in urban areas of Kanpur. Methodology: Cross-sectional study having total participants of 207 pregnant women was interviewed by pretested questionnaire followed by testing haemoglobin level in blood through Sahli’s haemoglobinometer and collected data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0 & Microsoft Excel 2007. Result: Out of 207 pregnant women 163 were anaemic. Conclusion: A high prevalence of anaemia was observed which is 78.7%. Marriage and first pregnancy during adolescent age g...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, May 27, 2019
Anaemia is recognised as a major public health problem throughout the world. According to World H... more Anaemia is recognised as a major public health problem throughout the world. According to World Health Organization (WHO), hemoglobin level below 11 g/dl is labeled as anemia during pregnancy and classified as mild (10.0-10.99 g/dl), moderate (7.0-9.9 g/dl), and severe (less than 7.0 g/dl) anemia. The same criteria are used for diagnosing anaemia in pregnancy. 1 As per the World Bank data, in South Asian countries the prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women averages 50%. 2 According to another study, 56% of pregnant women in the developing countries are affected with anaemia whereas in developed regions, it has been reported to be only 18%. 3,4 Worldwide it is estimated that about 20 percent of maternal death are caused by anaemia, additionally anaemia is responsible partly for 50 percent of all maternal mortality. 5 The National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3) data suggests that anaemia is widely prevalent in all age groups and particularly high among the most vulnerable groups, among pregnant women estimated to be around 58 percent. 6 A study carried out among 7 states by Nutrition Foundation of India (2006) had observed the overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant women found to be 84%. 7 Low haemoglobin concentrations during pregnancy can be associated with an increased risk of maternal and perinatal mortality and low birth weight. 8 In a study having ten year audit, nearly 15% maternal mortality was found owing to anaemia. 9
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Papers by Dr Firoza Bano
AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To study the Prevalence of Aetiologies acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses of the patients at a tertiary care centre in Uttar Pradesh, India.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a Hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the department of Microbiology at Rama Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur. The study was carried out during the monsoon and post monsoon of the year 2022 for a period of 6 months from July 2022 to December 2022. A total of the 1520 clinical samples were recorded out of which there were 106 suspected cases. Sampling method was used and all in-patients fulfilling the AUFI definition were included. All in-patients with <14 days of fever with no localising source of infection were included in the study. The suspected cases was tested for various serological tests. Diagnosis was confirmed by suitable laboratory tests after exhaustive clinical examination.
RESULTS: In the present study the ratio of Male 60 (56.6%) was found to be more as compared to that of Female 46 (43.3%) with the maximum number of cases recorded in the age group of 20-40 years of age and least in the age group above 61 years of age. The most common cause of AUFI was the Dengue with the prevalence rate of 12.2% followed by Typhoid 7.5% , Enteric fever was found to be 7.5% Scrub typus 1.88%, and least for Malaria 0. 9%. It was also noted that there were no positive cases observed for Chikungunya and leptospira. It was also observed that the fever was the most common among all, followed by anaemia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly with the maximum number of cases observed in the month of August to October.
CONCLUSION: When prioritising clinical and diagnostic workup and starting the appropriate empirical and supportive therapy, doctors are guided by their understanding of the local aetiology of AUFI. As the prevalence of multiple infections rises, complete clinical and diagnostic investigation for likely pathogens must be taken into account in AUFI patients who are not responding to treatment.
KEYWORDS: AUFI, Dengue, Leptospira, Chikungunya, Scrub typhus, Malaria, Typhoid
AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To study the Prevalence of Aetiologies acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses of the patients at a tertiary care centre in Uttar Pradesh, India.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a Hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the department of Microbiology at Rama Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur. The study was carried out during the monsoon and post monsoon of the year 2022 for a period of 6 months from July 2022 to December 2022. A total of the 1520 clinical samples were recorded out of which there were 106 suspected cases. Sampling method was used and all in-patients fulfilling the AUFI definition were included. All in-patients with <14 days of fever with no localising source of infection were included in the study. The suspected cases was tested for various serological tests. Diagnosis was confirmed by suitable laboratory tests after exhaustive clinical examination.
RESULTS: In the present study the ratio of Male 60 (56.6%) was found to be more as compared to that of Female 46 (43.3%) with the maximum number of cases recorded in the age group of 20-40 years of age and least in the age group above 61 years of age. The most common cause of AUFI was the Dengue with the prevalence rate of 12.2% followed by Typhoid 7.5% , Enteric fever was found to be 7.5% Scrub typus 1.88%, and least for Malaria 0. 9%. It was also noted that there were no positive cases observed for Chikungunya and leptospira. It was also observed that the fever was the most common among all, followed by anaemia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly with the maximum number of cases observed in the month of August to October.
CONCLUSION: When prioritising clinical and diagnostic workup and starting the appropriate empirical and supportive therapy, doctors are guided by their understanding of the local aetiology of AUFI. As the prevalence of multiple infections rises, complete clinical and diagnostic investigation for likely pathogens must be taken into account in AUFI patients who are not responding to treatment.
KEYWORDS: AUFI, Dengue, Leptospira, Chikungunya, Scrub typhus, Malaria, Typhoid