The leaves and stem bark of Ficus capensis were investigated for antibacterial activity against s... more The leaves and stem bark of Ficus capensis were investigated for antibacterial activity against some selected organisms at a concentration of 2000 µg/ml using agar diffusion method. The crude leaf extract inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. but no activity against Salmonella typhi. The stem bark extracts also had activity against E. coli and Shigella sp. but no activity against S. typhi. The phytochemical screening of the extracts reveals the presence of alkaloids, balsams, taninins, carbohydrates, resins, flavonoids, Sterols and terpenes. Glycosides were absent in the leaf extract while the stem bark extract had glycosides. Both extracts did not posses free arthraquinones and saponins. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts range from 500-2000 µg/ml. The fractions obtained from the thin layer chromatography had no activity on the test organisms. The results from the activity of the crude extracts suggest that F. capensis could be used in tr...
Cancer belongs to the main reason of morbidity and mortality in the world. Despite much progress ... more Cancer belongs to the main reason of morbidity and mortality in the world. Despite much progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it is one of the main reason of death worldwide. Cancerous cells are altered in host cells without the natural mechanism controlling their normal growth. The standard method of treatment often do not lead to the excepted effects. Therefore, it is important to find new more effective treatment. One of the most promising research direction is immunotherapy, including the use of specific types of microorganism amongst them are bacterial protein and peptides are promising group of bioactive compounds and potential anticancer drug. Some of them including anticancer antibiotics (Actinomycine-D, bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Mitomycin c) are already used in cancer treatment. This review shows the current literature data regarding the anticancer activity of protein and peptides originated from bacteria. It provides an overview of selected microorganism which a...
Amylases have potential application in a wide number of industrial processes such as food, fermen... more Amylases have potential application in a wide number of industrial processes such as food, fermentation, textile, paper, detergent and pharmaceutical industries. Starch is an important storage product of many economically important crops such as wheat, rice, maize, tapioca and potato. Starch converting enzymes are used in the production of maltodextrin, modified starch or glucose and fructose syrups. In the present studies, the process of α-amylase production by Aspergillus oryzae was optimized by adjusting various process parameters using submerged fermentation. Result shows that in submerged condition maximum α-amylase production found at pH 7 when incubated at 45°C with 5 discs of 8mm size inoculum of culture A. oryzae after 72 hrs using starchy waste water collected from McCain Food Pvt Ltd, Mehsana, Gujarat. After partial purification enzyme was characterized. The partially purified enzyme gave highest activity at pH 6, when enzyme was incubated with 1.5 % substrate for 15 mins...
FT-IR has been used to determine changes at molecular level during biological activities of compo... more FT-IR has been used to determine changes at molecular level during biological activities of composting and to assess compost stability. Two lignocellulolytic fungi, Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae were used for composting. The FT-IR scan of compost suggests that there were notable changes at 60 and 90 days of composting. The absorbance bands of treated and untreated wheat straw spectra showed a characteristic behavior during composting process. However, certain modifications like extending the composting time, analysis of ignited material and utilization of pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometric technique can certainly give an insight into different stages of composting process for organic and inorganic substances. The objective of present investigation was to undertake spectroscopic characterization of organic matter in compost.
Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes and are capable of degrading lignocellulosic materia... more Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes and are capable of degrading lignocellulosic materials. Cellulases have wide range of applications. This work focuses on factors relevant for improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis of saw dust by using Aspergillus niger. Different cultural conditions were examined to assess their effect in optimizing enzyme production. Alkaline pretreated (2 N NaOH) saw dust at 9.6% concentration gave 0.1813 IU/mL cellulase activity. Optimum pH for cellulase production was between 4.0 and 4.5. Submerged fermentation at 120 rpm at 28°C gave higher yields of cellulase compared to static condition. Several other parameters like inoculum size, time duration, nitrogen source and its concentration were also optimized for the cellulase production by using saw dust as substrate.
Aspergillus niger strain HD-6, isolated from Anand, Gujarat (India), was evaluated for endocellul... more Aspergillus niger strain HD-6, isolated from Anand, Gujarat (India), was evaluated for endocellulase enzyme production through solid state fermentation (SSF) using bajra straw as main carbon source. Various cultural conditions such as temperature, pH, moisture content, incubation period, nitrogen source, inoculum age and size, etc. were standardized for optimum enzyme production. Using 3 g bajra straw as sole carbon source maximum endocellulase production from 96 hr old A. niger HD-6 was achieved at pH 5.0, incubation temperature 28°C and moisture content 65% after incubation for 4 days.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2010
Lignocellulolytic fungi produce a variety of lignocellulolytic enzymes which are responsible for ... more Lignocellulolytic fungi produce a variety of lignocellulolytic enzymes which are responsible for the biodegradation of lignocellulosic agro-wastes in nature. These enzymes are also useful for biofuel production, bio-bleaching, bio-pulping etc. We have isolated ecodiversely different seventeen fungi from ecorich soils of Gandhinagar region, Gujarat, India. The objective of this work was to study enzyme production profile by lignocellulolytic fungi, using wheat straw as a model agro-waste by solid state fermentation. Most of these lignocellulolytic fungi have been found to express enzyme activities like filter paper activity (FPase), endoglucanase, exocellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, glucoamylase, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and protease. Among these, A. niger, A. oryzae and Sporotrichum sp. produce endocellulase and xylanase in significant amount. A. niger and Sporotrichum sp. gave 52.47 U/g and 69.441 U/g endocellulase activity, and 48.107 U/g and 112.649 U/g xylanase activity, respectively.
The leaves and stem bark of Ficus capensis were investigated for antibacterial activity against s... more The leaves and stem bark of Ficus capensis were investigated for antibacterial activity against some selected organisms at a concentration of 2000 µg/ml using agar diffusion method. The crude leaf extract inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. but no activity against Salmonella typhi. The stem bark extracts also had activity against E. coli and Shigella sp. but no activity against S. typhi. The phytochemical screening of the extracts reveals the presence of alkaloids, balsams, taninins, carbohydrates, resins, flavonoids, Sterols and terpenes. Glycosides were absent in the leaf extract while the stem bark extract had glycosides. Both extracts did not posses free arthraquinones and saponins. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts range from 500-2000 µg/ml. The fractions obtained from the thin layer chromatography had no activity on the test organisms. The results from the activity of the crude extracts suggest that F. capensis could be used in tr...
Cancer belongs to the main reason of morbidity and mortality in the world. Despite much progress ... more Cancer belongs to the main reason of morbidity and mortality in the world. Despite much progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it is one of the main reason of death worldwide. Cancerous cells are altered in host cells without the natural mechanism controlling their normal growth. The standard method of treatment often do not lead to the excepted effects. Therefore, it is important to find new more effective treatment. One of the most promising research direction is immunotherapy, including the use of specific types of microorganism amongst them are bacterial protein and peptides are promising group of bioactive compounds and potential anticancer drug. Some of them including anticancer antibiotics (Actinomycine-D, bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Mitomycin c) are already used in cancer treatment. This review shows the current literature data regarding the anticancer activity of protein and peptides originated from bacteria. It provides an overview of selected microorganism which a...
Amylases have potential application in a wide number of industrial processes such as food, fermen... more Amylases have potential application in a wide number of industrial processes such as food, fermentation, textile, paper, detergent and pharmaceutical industries. Starch is an important storage product of many economically important crops such as wheat, rice, maize, tapioca and potato. Starch converting enzymes are used in the production of maltodextrin, modified starch or glucose and fructose syrups. In the present studies, the process of α-amylase production by Aspergillus oryzae was optimized by adjusting various process parameters using submerged fermentation. Result shows that in submerged condition maximum α-amylase production found at pH 7 when incubated at 45°C with 5 discs of 8mm size inoculum of culture A. oryzae after 72 hrs using starchy waste water collected from McCain Food Pvt Ltd, Mehsana, Gujarat. After partial purification enzyme was characterized. The partially purified enzyme gave highest activity at pH 6, when enzyme was incubated with 1.5 % substrate for 15 mins...
FT-IR has been used to determine changes at molecular level during biological activities of compo... more FT-IR has been used to determine changes at molecular level during biological activities of composting and to assess compost stability. Two lignocellulolytic fungi, Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae were used for composting. The FT-IR scan of compost suggests that there were notable changes at 60 and 90 days of composting. The absorbance bands of treated and untreated wheat straw spectra showed a characteristic behavior during composting process. However, certain modifications like extending the composting time, analysis of ignited material and utilization of pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometric technique can certainly give an insight into different stages of composting process for organic and inorganic substances. The objective of present investigation was to undertake spectroscopic characterization of organic matter in compost.
Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes and are capable of degrading lignocellulosic materia... more Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes and are capable of degrading lignocellulosic materials. Cellulases have wide range of applications. This work focuses on factors relevant for improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis of saw dust by using Aspergillus niger. Different cultural conditions were examined to assess their effect in optimizing enzyme production. Alkaline pretreated (2 N NaOH) saw dust at 9.6% concentration gave 0.1813 IU/mL cellulase activity. Optimum pH for cellulase production was between 4.0 and 4.5. Submerged fermentation at 120 rpm at 28°C gave higher yields of cellulase compared to static condition. Several other parameters like inoculum size, time duration, nitrogen source and its concentration were also optimized for the cellulase production by using saw dust as substrate.
Aspergillus niger strain HD-6, isolated from Anand, Gujarat (India), was evaluated for endocellul... more Aspergillus niger strain HD-6, isolated from Anand, Gujarat (India), was evaluated for endocellulase enzyme production through solid state fermentation (SSF) using bajra straw as main carbon source. Various cultural conditions such as temperature, pH, moisture content, incubation period, nitrogen source, inoculum age and size, etc. were standardized for optimum enzyme production. Using 3 g bajra straw as sole carbon source maximum endocellulase production from 96 hr old A. niger HD-6 was achieved at pH 5.0, incubation temperature 28°C and moisture content 65% after incubation for 4 days.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2010
Lignocellulolytic fungi produce a variety of lignocellulolytic enzymes which are responsible for ... more Lignocellulolytic fungi produce a variety of lignocellulolytic enzymes which are responsible for the biodegradation of lignocellulosic agro-wastes in nature. These enzymes are also useful for biofuel production, bio-bleaching, bio-pulping etc. We have isolated ecodiversely different seventeen fungi from ecorich soils of Gandhinagar region, Gujarat, India. The objective of this work was to study enzyme production profile by lignocellulolytic fungi, using wheat straw as a model agro-waste by solid state fermentation. Most of these lignocellulolytic fungi have been found to express enzyme activities like filter paper activity (FPase), endoglucanase, exocellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, glucoamylase, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and protease. Among these, A. niger, A. oryzae and Sporotrichum sp. produce endocellulase and xylanase in significant amount. A. niger and Sporotrichum sp. gave 52.47 U/g and 69.441 U/g endocellulase activity, and 48.107 U/g and 112.649 U/g xylanase activity, respectively.
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Papers by Dr D K Acharya