Although the Balkan Peninsula belongs to the most mountainous regions of Europe, phylogeographic ... more Although the Balkan Peninsula belongs to the most mountainous regions of Europe, phylogeographic structure of its alpine flora remains insufficiently understood, especially for species distributed both in the western and eastern parts of the Peninsula. We analyzed Campanula orbelica, a Balkan endemic typical of high-mountain siliceous grasslands, based on the population genetic structure, climatic niche modeling at the species-and intraspecific level, and niche hindcasting back to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 20 kya). Our data reveal a clear phylogeographic pattern with three geographically coherent genetic groups: (i) the most divergent and spatially restricted lineage of the Pirin mountains (east), (ii) neighboring Rila mountains and other eastern Balkan massifs (Rhodopes, Stara Planina, Vitoša), and (iii) the most geographically disjunct mountains of the Scardo-Pindhic range (Šar Planina and Korab) in the west. This pattern indicates multiple refugia and isolated evolutionary centers within the Balkan Peninsula mountains, with the eastern part of the range as likely ancestral area, and an early dispersion into the western region, which formed the main geographical disjunction. The genetic divergence was only partly correlated with geographical isolation, clear dispersal barriers, or climatic niche shifts, suggesting contrasting isolation/dispersal dynamics in various parts of the range. Climatic niche overlap was low among eastern vs. western groups, which correlates with the longest spatial distance and significant genetic divergence, while niche characteristic of the Pirin lineage was a subset of the adjacent Rila lineage niche. High genetic divergence of the Pirin populations was also not correlated with persistent gaps in potential distributions but hypothetically may have been triggered by diversified (limestone/silicate) bedrock conditions. Our results highlight the need for high-mountain phylogeographic surveys in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, to assess the biogeographical relevance of isolation patterns and definition of evolutionarily important units in the high-mountain flora.
Alpine scrubs (Roso pendulinae-Pinetea mugo) and dwarf heaths (Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vacciniet... more Alpine scrubs (Roso pendulinae-Pinetea mugo) and dwarf heaths (Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinietea) are an exceptional assemblage of rich floristic units which contribute significantly to the overall diversity on the Balkan Peninsula. The main edificators of these types of habitats are mostly glacial relicts. Additionally, they are of the arctic, alpine, and boreal distribution types, which further emphasises their importance from the conservation point of view. We investigated their taxonomic richness, endemism, patterns of spatial distribution and diversification in the central Balkans as well as their coenotic composition using a comprehensive dataset (15,609 species occurrence data). The analyses were conducted at three hierarchical levels taking into account the ecological and geographic diversity of the alpine scrubs and dwarf heaths in the study area. The results obtained showed that in the alpine scrubs and dwarf heaths of the central Balkans 902 taxa (829 species and 73 subspecies) had been recorded, and that the proportion of endemics in these habitats is extremely high (ca. 22%). Our results further showed that in 180 randomly selected plots of medium size (≥ 10 and < 100 m 2), the registered regional floristic richness for the unique sample size was 527 species, placing the alpine region of the Balkan Peninsula in second place among the richest alpine regions in the world. Moreover, significant regional differences in species composition were observed within the research area, with floristic richness and diversity increasing from north to south.
The goal of this paper was to determine the extent of morphological variability in species J. heu... more The goal of this paper was to determine the extent of morphological variability in species J. heuffelii caused by orographic and bioclimatic factors. Samples were collected from 14 populations of species J. heuffelii, from the territories of Serbia, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Romania. For this purpose cluster analysis (UPGMA) on bioclimatic parameters and regression analysis were performed. The cluster analysis of bioclimatic factors has shown that the study area was influenced by semiarid temperate-continental or subcontinental climate, continental mountain climate and humid mountain climate. Among the orographic factors, the greatest influence on morphological characters of species J. heuffelii was determined for altitude, exposition and slope of the terrain. The mean temperature of the wettest quartile (BIO8) and temperature seasonality (BIO4) have shown the greatest influence on the morphological characters of J. heuffelii.
In this paper we typify and discuss 14 species and infraspecies names belonging to Sesleria sect.... more In this paper we typify and discuss 14 species and infraspecies names belonging to Sesleria sect. Argenteae (Poaceae). Lectotypes are designated for the names S.
We provide information on the typification of nine species names described by roberto de Visiani ... more We provide information on the typification of nine species names described by roberto de Visiani and josif Pančić in Plantae Serbicae Rariores aut Novae-Decas I, published in 1862. Seven lectotypes (Geum molle Vis. & Pančić, Potentilla lejocarpa Vis. & Pančić, P. visianii Pančić, Dianthus papillosus Vis. & Pančić, Goniolimon serbicum Vis., Euphorbia subhastata Vis. & Pančić, Triticum petraeum Vis. & Pančić) and one epitype (Goniolimon serbicum Vis.) are designated here.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Mar 23, 2021
using flow cytometry, differ. We propose a taxonomic treatment with lectotype designation for bot... more using flow cytometry, differ. We propose a taxonomic treatment with lectotype designation for both taxa and provide descriptions and an identification key. Last but not least, these cold-adapted species mostly growing on northerly exposed humid screes are highly threatened due to the global warming and should be ranked endangered according to IUCN criteria. Cerastium hekuravense known only from three localities is likely one of the most endangered mountain plant species of the Balkan Peninsula.
Hypericum aegypticum subsp. webbii is an evergreen shrub spread in Mediterranean part of central ... more Hypericum aegypticum subsp. webbii is an evergreen shrub spread in Mediterranean part of central and southeastern Europe. The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and MeOH extract of H. aegypticum subsp. webbii were investigated. The monoterpenes α-pinene (63.4 - 68.5%) and β-pinene (16.9 - 17.0%) were main compounds in the volatile oil from aerial parts. In the cluster analysis, the essential oil of H. aegypticum subsp. webbii was separated and chemically different from the oil of other subspecies of H. aegypticum as well as other Hypericum species from Greece. SIMPER analysis revealed that α-pinene (24.79%) was the component that contributed the most to differences between all oils. Also, there was extremely high overall dissimilarity between three subspecies of H. aegypticum. MeOH extract of aerial parts of H. aegypticum subsp. webbii contained flavonoids rutin (56.4 ± 0.9 mg/g), hyperoside and quercetin, and phenolic acids chlorogenic and caffeic acid, while naphthodianthrones were not detected. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was moderate (MIC from 100 to &gt;200 μg/ml), while MeOH extract inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus (MIC 50 - 100 μg/ml), more pronounced than the extract of H. perforatum (MIC 200 - &gt;200 μg/ml).
Capitulate inflorescence is a specific, strongly adaptive and rare feature in the genus Campanula... more Capitulate inflorescence is a specific, strongly adaptive and rare feature in the genus Campanula. We studied morphologically eight capitulate Campanula taxa from the Balkans (1537 individuals/52 populations) and one more species from Caucasus at the molecular level (using chloroplast markers trnG UCC-trnS GCU and psbA-trnH, 130 individuals/58 populations) to assess their relations and evolutionary histories. Although all studied taxa were well circumscribed at both the morphological and molecular levels (except morphologically distinct but genetically invariable C. moesiaca which acquired its single haplotype via past cytoplasmic introgression from C. cervicaria), their relations inferred from the two datasets were incongruent possibly due to the homoplasy of morphological characters frequently reported in Campanula. Interspecific hybridization and introgression affected majority of studied species and may be more common in Campanula than previously thought. These processes, along with incomplete lineage sorting and retention of ancestral polymorphisms, hampered our phylogenetic reconstructions and prevented us to fully resolve species relations, and to support monophyletic origin of capitulate Campanula species. Nonetheless, several cryptic taxa were delineated, and C. daucoides was described as a new capitulate Campanula species. Different evolutionary histories and multiple glacial refugia were inferred for all species represented by multiple samples (except C. moesiaca). According to our dating, their speciation was in most cases triggered by various geo-historic events such as the uplift of the Alpide belt, Messinian Salinity Crisis, or desiccation of the Pannonian Sea/Pliocene Lakes from the central Balkans, while their further diversification was mainly driven by the onset of the Quaternary and cycles of glacials/interglacials.
The Balkan Peninsula represents one of the three southern European glacial refugia where biodiver... more The Balkan Peninsula represents one of the three southern European glacial refugia where biodiversity persisted throughout the climatically unstable Quaternary. This study considered the 'refugia within refugia' model, which assumes the environmental heterogeneity over time and space in larger refugia. To better understand patterns shaped during the Quaternary climatic oscillations, the present and last glacial maximum (LGM) environmental conditions and current morphological variability of Edraianthus tenuifolius, an endemic plant of the western Balkans with a well-known therphical structure, were considered. Potential present and LGM distributions were studied through environmental niche modelling using 161 data of occurrences and six bioclimatic variables, hindcasting the model to LGM conditions using three different global circulation models. To test the geographical variability of the reproductive region, 41 characters of 667 inflorescences from 35 populations within the distribution range were measured. Geographical patterns, using geostatistics together with univariate and multivariate statistical approaches, were analysed. The environmental niche model suggested the current potential distribution in correspondence to its known occurrences. The hindcast to LGM conditions suggested two separate areas of environmental suitability, one in the present-day northern Adriatic coast of Croatia (Istrian Peninsula, Kvarner) and another on the present-day southeastern Adriatic coast (southern Dalmatia, Montenegro and northern Albania). Morphological variability showed a similar pattern, where southern populations separated from northern populations according to a major split in the central part of its distribution range (central Dalmatia). On other levels, stronger barriers were predicted to separate northern populations from the eastern Istrian Peninsula and the Kvarner area. The results suggested congruent biogeographical patterns to the already known phylogeographical structure. Both environmental niche modelling and the geographical variability of morphological characters suggested spatial partitioning, indicating the potential presence of two separate refugia during the LGM.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Dec 24, 2015
We reconstructed the relationships among populations of Campanula secundiflora s.l. and closely r... more We reconstructed the relationships among populations of Campanula secundiflora s.l. and closely related and geographically close populations of C. austroadriatica and C. versicolor. Based on analyses of microsatellite DNA data, the investigated populations have high overall genetic diversity and abundant allelic variation over seven investigated loci. Bayesian model-based clustering identified four clearly differentiated genetic groups of populations. The genetic differentiation was reflected by morphological differentiation, allowing us to propose a new taxonomic treatment of the constituents of C. secundiflora s.l. The populations distributed in southwestern Serbia and northeastern Montenegro were included in C. secundiflora. A new species, Campanula montenegrina sp. nov., distributed in the continental part of Montenegro and the northern part of Albania is described.
Edraianthus A. DC. (Campanulaceae) includes approximately 13 herbaceous species (e.g. Kuzmanov 19... more Edraianthus A. DC. (Campanulaceae) includes approximately 13 herbaceous species (e.g. Kuzmanov 1976 ; Lammers 2007a ; 2007b). The majority of the taxa are considered to be stenoendemics (Turrill 1929). As one of the taxonomically and biogeographically most interesting and polymorphic genera of the Balkan flora, there are already three monographs of the genus (Wettstein 1887 ; Janchen 1910 ; Lakušić 1974). Recently, the genus was the subject of extensive molecular phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies which brought some new insights into phylogenetic relationships and systematics both among the genera closely related to Edraianthus (Park et al. 2006 ; Roquet et al. 2008) and within the genus Edraianthus itself (Stefanović et al. 2008). Within the genus, Mayer and Blečić (1969) , following Janchen's systematic treatment of the genus, proposed three sections based on the shape of the basal and stem leaves and bracts and number of flowers in terminal clusters: (a) sect. Edraianthus (= sect. Capitati Wettst.)-E. graminifolius (L.) A. DC. s. l., E. tenuifolius (Waldst. & Kit.) A. DC., E. dalmaticus A. DC. and E. serbicus (A. Kern.) Petrovic´ with long, linear to linearlanceolate, ciliate basal leaves, sessile flowers either solitary or in terminal clusters closely subtended by large leaf-like bracts, (b) sect. Uniflori Wettst. emend. Janch. (= sect. Uniflori Wettst. p. max. p., sect. Strigosi Janch.)-E. wettsteinii Halacsy & Bald., E. pumilio (Port.) A. DC. and E. dinaricus (A. Kern.) Wettst. with basal leaves rather short, linear, more or less densely hirsute above and glabrous beneath, and flowers solitary and closely subtended by leaf-like bracts, and (c) sect. Spathulati Janch. (= sect. Uniflori Wettst. p. min. p.)-E. serpyllifolius (Vis.) A. DC. and E. serpyllifolius f. pilosulus Beck with short, spathulate and ciliate basal leaves and flowers solitary and subtended by small leaf-like bracts. In his monograph on the genus Edraianthus , Lakušic´ (1974) recognized another two taxa from section Spathulati , Edraianthus sutjeskae s. s. Lakušic´ (nom. inv.) and E. sutjeskae subsp. maslesae Lakušic´ (nom. inv.), narrow endemics
Although the Balkan Peninsula belongs to the most mountainous regions of Europe, phylogeographic ... more Although the Balkan Peninsula belongs to the most mountainous regions of Europe, phylogeographic structure of its alpine flora remains insufficiently understood, especially for species distributed both in the western and eastern parts of the Peninsula. We analyzed Campanula orbelica, a Balkan endemic typical of high-mountain siliceous grasslands, based on the population genetic structure, climatic niche modeling at the species-and intraspecific level, and niche hindcasting back to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 20 kya). Our data reveal a clear phylogeographic pattern with three geographically coherent genetic groups: (i) the most divergent and spatially restricted lineage of the Pirin mountains (east), (ii) neighboring Rila mountains and other eastern Balkan massifs (Rhodopes, Stara Planina, Vitoša), and (iii) the most geographically disjunct mountains of the Scardo-Pindhic range (Šar Planina and Korab) in the west. This pattern indicates multiple refugia and isolated evolutionary centers within the Balkan Peninsula mountains, with the eastern part of the range as likely ancestral area, and an early dispersion into the western region, which formed the main geographical disjunction. The genetic divergence was only partly correlated with geographical isolation, clear dispersal barriers, or climatic niche shifts, suggesting contrasting isolation/dispersal dynamics in various parts of the range. Climatic niche overlap was low among eastern vs. western groups, which correlates with the longest spatial distance and significant genetic divergence, while niche characteristic of the Pirin lineage was a subset of the adjacent Rila lineage niche. High genetic divergence of the Pirin populations was also not correlated with persistent gaps in potential distributions but hypothetically may have been triggered by diversified (limestone/silicate) bedrock conditions. Our results highlight the need for high-mountain phylogeographic surveys in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, to assess the biogeographical relevance of isolation patterns and definition of evolutionarily important units in the high-mountain flora.
Alpine scrubs (Roso pendulinae-Pinetea mugo) and dwarf heaths (Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vacciniet... more Alpine scrubs (Roso pendulinae-Pinetea mugo) and dwarf heaths (Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinietea) are an exceptional assemblage of rich floristic units which contribute significantly to the overall diversity on the Balkan Peninsula. The main edificators of these types of habitats are mostly glacial relicts. Additionally, they are of the arctic, alpine, and boreal distribution types, which further emphasises their importance from the conservation point of view. We investigated their taxonomic richness, endemism, patterns of spatial distribution and diversification in the central Balkans as well as their coenotic composition using a comprehensive dataset (15,609 species occurrence data). The analyses were conducted at three hierarchical levels taking into account the ecological and geographic diversity of the alpine scrubs and dwarf heaths in the study area. The results obtained showed that in the alpine scrubs and dwarf heaths of the central Balkans 902 taxa (829 species and 73 subspecies) had been recorded, and that the proportion of endemics in these habitats is extremely high (ca. 22%). Our results further showed that in 180 randomly selected plots of medium size (≥ 10 and < 100 m 2), the registered regional floristic richness for the unique sample size was 527 species, placing the alpine region of the Balkan Peninsula in second place among the richest alpine regions in the world. Moreover, significant regional differences in species composition were observed within the research area, with floristic richness and diversity increasing from north to south.
The goal of this paper was to determine the extent of morphological variability in species J. heu... more The goal of this paper was to determine the extent of morphological variability in species J. heuffelii caused by orographic and bioclimatic factors. Samples were collected from 14 populations of species J. heuffelii, from the territories of Serbia, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Romania. For this purpose cluster analysis (UPGMA) on bioclimatic parameters and regression analysis were performed. The cluster analysis of bioclimatic factors has shown that the study area was influenced by semiarid temperate-continental or subcontinental climate, continental mountain climate and humid mountain climate. Among the orographic factors, the greatest influence on morphological characters of species J. heuffelii was determined for altitude, exposition and slope of the terrain. The mean temperature of the wettest quartile (BIO8) and temperature seasonality (BIO4) have shown the greatest influence on the morphological characters of J. heuffelii.
In this paper we typify and discuss 14 species and infraspecies names belonging to Sesleria sect.... more In this paper we typify and discuss 14 species and infraspecies names belonging to Sesleria sect. Argenteae (Poaceae). Lectotypes are designated for the names S.
We provide information on the typification of nine species names described by roberto de Visiani ... more We provide information on the typification of nine species names described by roberto de Visiani and josif Pančić in Plantae Serbicae Rariores aut Novae-Decas I, published in 1862. Seven lectotypes (Geum molle Vis. & Pančić, Potentilla lejocarpa Vis. & Pančić, P. visianii Pančić, Dianthus papillosus Vis. & Pančić, Goniolimon serbicum Vis., Euphorbia subhastata Vis. & Pančić, Triticum petraeum Vis. & Pančić) and one epitype (Goniolimon serbicum Vis.) are designated here.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Mar 23, 2021
using flow cytometry, differ. We propose a taxonomic treatment with lectotype designation for bot... more using flow cytometry, differ. We propose a taxonomic treatment with lectotype designation for both taxa and provide descriptions and an identification key. Last but not least, these cold-adapted species mostly growing on northerly exposed humid screes are highly threatened due to the global warming and should be ranked endangered according to IUCN criteria. Cerastium hekuravense known only from three localities is likely one of the most endangered mountain plant species of the Balkan Peninsula.
Hypericum aegypticum subsp. webbii is an evergreen shrub spread in Mediterranean part of central ... more Hypericum aegypticum subsp. webbii is an evergreen shrub spread in Mediterranean part of central and southeastern Europe. The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and MeOH extract of H. aegypticum subsp. webbii were investigated. The monoterpenes α-pinene (63.4 - 68.5%) and β-pinene (16.9 - 17.0%) were main compounds in the volatile oil from aerial parts. In the cluster analysis, the essential oil of H. aegypticum subsp. webbii was separated and chemically different from the oil of other subspecies of H. aegypticum as well as other Hypericum species from Greece. SIMPER analysis revealed that α-pinene (24.79%) was the component that contributed the most to differences between all oils. Also, there was extremely high overall dissimilarity between three subspecies of H. aegypticum. MeOH extract of aerial parts of H. aegypticum subsp. webbii contained flavonoids rutin (56.4 ± 0.9 mg/g), hyperoside and quercetin, and phenolic acids chlorogenic and caffeic acid, while naphthodianthrones were not detected. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was moderate (MIC from 100 to &gt;200 μg/ml), while MeOH extract inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus (MIC 50 - 100 μg/ml), more pronounced than the extract of H. perforatum (MIC 200 - &gt;200 μg/ml).
Capitulate inflorescence is a specific, strongly adaptive and rare feature in the genus Campanula... more Capitulate inflorescence is a specific, strongly adaptive and rare feature in the genus Campanula. We studied morphologically eight capitulate Campanula taxa from the Balkans (1537 individuals/52 populations) and one more species from Caucasus at the molecular level (using chloroplast markers trnG UCC-trnS GCU and psbA-trnH, 130 individuals/58 populations) to assess their relations and evolutionary histories. Although all studied taxa were well circumscribed at both the morphological and molecular levels (except morphologically distinct but genetically invariable C. moesiaca which acquired its single haplotype via past cytoplasmic introgression from C. cervicaria), their relations inferred from the two datasets were incongruent possibly due to the homoplasy of morphological characters frequently reported in Campanula. Interspecific hybridization and introgression affected majority of studied species and may be more common in Campanula than previously thought. These processes, along with incomplete lineage sorting and retention of ancestral polymorphisms, hampered our phylogenetic reconstructions and prevented us to fully resolve species relations, and to support monophyletic origin of capitulate Campanula species. Nonetheless, several cryptic taxa were delineated, and C. daucoides was described as a new capitulate Campanula species. Different evolutionary histories and multiple glacial refugia were inferred for all species represented by multiple samples (except C. moesiaca). According to our dating, their speciation was in most cases triggered by various geo-historic events such as the uplift of the Alpide belt, Messinian Salinity Crisis, or desiccation of the Pannonian Sea/Pliocene Lakes from the central Balkans, while their further diversification was mainly driven by the onset of the Quaternary and cycles of glacials/interglacials.
The Balkan Peninsula represents one of the three southern European glacial refugia where biodiver... more The Balkan Peninsula represents one of the three southern European glacial refugia where biodiversity persisted throughout the climatically unstable Quaternary. This study considered the 'refugia within refugia' model, which assumes the environmental heterogeneity over time and space in larger refugia. To better understand patterns shaped during the Quaternary climatic oscillations, the present and last glacial maximum (LGM) environmental conditions and current morphological variability of Edraianthus tenuifolius, an endemic plant of the western Balkans with a well-known therphical structure, were considered. Potential present and LGM distributions were studied through environmental niche modelling using 161 data of occurrences and six bioclimatic variables, hindcasting the model to LGM conditions using three different global circulation models. To test the geographical variability of the reproductive region, 41 characters of 667 inflorescences from 35 populations within the distribution range were measured. Geographical patterns, using geostatistics together with univariate and multivariate statistical approaches, were analysed. The environmental niche model suggested the current potential distribution in correspondence to its known occurrences. The hindcast to LGM conditions suggested two separate areas of environmental suitability, one in the present-day northern Adriatic coast of Croatia (Istrian Peninsula, Kvarner) and another on the present-day southeastern Adriatic coast (southern Dalmatia, Montenegro and northern Albania). Morphological variability showed a similar pattern, where southern populations separated from northern populations according to a major split in the central part of its distribution range (central Dalmatia). On other levels, stronger barriers were predicted to separate northern populations from the eastern Istrian Peninsula and the Kvarner area. The results suggested congruent biogeographical patterns to the already known phylogeographical structure. Both environmental niche modelling and the geographical variability of morphological characters suggested spatial partitioning, indicating the potential presence of two separate refugia during the LGM.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Dec 24, 2015
We reconstructed the relationships among populations of Campanula secundiflora s.l. and closely r... more We reconstructed the relationships among populations of Campanula secundiflora s.l. and closely related and geographically close populations of C. austroadriatica and C. versicolor. Based on analyses of microsatellite DNA data, the investigated populations have high overall genetic diversity and abundant allelic variation over seven investigated loci. Bayesian model-based clustering identified four clearly differentiated genetic groups of populations. The genetic differentiation was reflected by morphological differentiation, allowing us to propose a new taxonomic treatment of the constituents of C. secundiflora s.l. The populations distributed in southwestern Serbia and northeastern Montenegro were included in C. secundiflora. A new species, Campanula montenegrina sp. nov., distributed in the continental part of Montenegro and the northern part of Albania is described.
Edraianthus A. DC. (Campanulaceae) includes approximately 13 herbaceous species (e.g. Kuzmanov 19... more Edraianthus A. DC. (Campanulaceae) includes approximately 13 herbaceous species (e.g. Kuzmanov 1976 ; Lammers 2007a ; 2007b). The majority of the taxa are considered to be stenoendemics (Turrill 1929). As one of the taxonomically and biogeographically most interesting and polymorphic genera of the Balkan flora, there are already three monographs of the genus (Wettstein 1887 ; Janchen 1910 ; Lakušić 1974). Recently, the genus was the subject of extensive molecular phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies which brought some new insights into phylogenetic relationships and systematics both among the genera closely related to Edraianthus (Park et al. 2006 ; Roquet et al. 2008) and within the genus Edraianthus itself (Stefanović et al. 2008). Within the genus, Mayer and Blečić (1969) , following Janchen's systematic treatment of the genus, proposed three sections based on the shape of the basal and stem leaves and bracts and number of flowers in terminal clusters: (a) sect. Edraianthus (= sect. Capitati Wettst.)-E. graminifolius (L.) A. DC. s. l., E. tenuifolius (Waldst. & Kit.) A. DC., E. dalmaticus A. DC. and E. serbicus (A. Kern.) Petrovic´ with long, linear to linearlanceolate, ciliate basal leaves, sessile flowers either solitary or in terminal clusters closely subtended by large leaf-like bracts, (b) sect. Uniflori Wettst. emend. Janch. (= sect. Uniflori Wettst. p. max. p., sect. Strigosi Janch.)-E. wettsteinii Halacsy & Bald., E. pumilio (Port.) A. DC. and E. dinaricus (A. Kern.) Wettst. with basal leaves rather short, linear, more or less densely hirsute above and glabrous beneath, and flowers solitary and closely subtended by leaf-like bracts, and (c) sect. Spathulati Janch. (= sect. Uniflori Wettst. p. min. p.)-E. serpyllifolius (Vis.) A. DC. and E. serpyllifolius f. pilosulus Beck with short, spathulate and ciliate basal leaves and flowers solitary and subtended by small leaf-like bracts. In his monograph on the genus Edraianthus , Lakušic´ (1974) recognized another two taxa from section Spathulati , Edraianthus sutjeskae s. s. Lakušic´ (nom. inv.) and E. sutjeskae subsp. maslesae Lakušic´ (nom. inv.), narrow endemics
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Papers by Dmitar Lakušić