Rcqu Ic 20 fcvricr 1984 Manuscrit rcvisc rcqu Ic 29 juin 1984 ISKANIIAK, D.. ct FRANCOIS BONHOMME... more Rcqu Ic 20 fcvricr 1984 Manuscrit rcvisc rcqu Ic 29 juin 1984 ISKANIIAK, D.. ct FRANCOIS BONHOMME. 1984. Variabilitc clcctrophorctiquc totalc ii I I loci structuraux chcz les rongeurs murides (Muridae. Rodcntia). Can. J . Genet. Cytol. 26: 622-627. Quarantc-six cspcces dc rongeurs dc la famille dcs murides ont @t@ soumiscs ii des Clectrophorcses scquenticlles. utilisant 12 systcmes tampons qui diffkraient par lcur pH et leur composition ioniquc. pour I'ctude dc I 1 loci proteiques. L'enscmble des conditions @lectrophor@tiques a rcv@l@ un total dc 135 variants. dont 68 sont detectcs par unc seulc de ccs conditions. L'augmcntation du simple au double du nombre de variants r@vcIcs est limitee aux comparaisons intergcneriques essentiellcment. puisque I'cmploi de plusicurs tampons n'a fait rcssortir que peu dc variants additionncls intragencriqucs. Ccs rcsultats montrcnt quc I'emploi. quoiquc frequent. de donnecs Clcctrophor@tiqucs standard pour estimcr le degrc de differenciation gCnCtique cntrc taxons ii un niveau d'ordrc supericur ii celui du genre, pcut conduire ii dcs rcsultats erroncs.
Le genre Hylomyscus est, parmi les Muridés africains, un de ceux dont Ja systématique est le plus... more Le genre Hylomyscus est, parmi les Muridés africains, un de ceux dont Ja systématique est le plus sujet à controverse. Certains auteurs le considèrent même seulement comme un sous-genre de Praomys : Misonne (1969, 1974), Cole (19751, Delany (1975), Bishop (1979. Nous pensons, quant à nous, comme Rose-
Page 1. Jurnal Matematika dan Sains Vol. 10 No. 2, Juni 2005, hal 37-44 Kajian Keberagaman Geneti... more Page 1. Jurnal Matematika dan Sains Vol. 10 No. 2, Juni 2005, hal 37-44 Kajian Keberagaman Genetik Nyamuk Anopheles barbirostris dan A. vagus di dua Daerah Endemik Penyakit Malaria di Jawa Barat R. Ameria Sumatri ...
Indonesia is an archipelagic nation comprising some 17,000 islands of varying sizes and geologica... more Indonesia is an archipelagic nation comprising some 17,000 islands of varying sizes and geological origins, as well as marked differences in composition of their floras and faunas. Indonesia is considered one of the megadiversity centers, both in terms of species numbers as well as endemism. According to the Biodiversity Action Plan for Indonesia, 16% of all amphibian and reptile species occur in Indonesia, a total of over 1,100 species. New research activities, launched in the last few years, indicate that these figures may be significantly higher than generally assumed. Indonesia is suspected to host the worldwide highest numbers of amphibian and reptile species. Herpetological research in Indonesia, however, has not progressed at a rate comparable to that of neighboring countries. As a result, the ratio of Indonesian species to the entirety of Southeast Asian and Malesian species has "declined" from about 60% in 1930 to about 50% in 2000, essentially a result of more taxa having been described from areas outside Indonesia. Many of these taxa were subsequently also found in Indonesia. In the last 70 years, 762 new taxa have been described from the Southeast Asia region of which only 262 were from Indonesia. In general, the herpetofauna of Indonesia is poorly understood compared to the herpetofauna of neighboring countries. This refers not only to the taxonomic status, but also to the basic biological and ecological characteristics of most of the species. Moreover, geographic distribution patterns for many species are only poorly known. In view of the alarming rate of forest loss, measures for more effective protection of the herpetofauna of Indonesia are urgently required. The status of virtually all of the Indonesian species, e.g. in terms of IUCN categories, remains unknown, and no action plans have been formulated to date. In addition, research results on Indonesia's amphibian and reptile fauna have often not been made available in the country itself. Finally, there is a clear need to organize research activities in such a way that a larger segment of the Indonesian population becomes aware of the importance of the herpetofauna as an essential component of the country's biodiversity. To address these issues, this paper (1) gives an overview of the herpetofauna as part of Indonesia's biodiversity, (2) outlines the history of herpetological research in the region, (3) identifies major gaps in our knowledge of the Indonesian herpetofauna, and (4) uses this framework for discussing issues and problems of the conservation of amphibians and reptiles in Indonesia. In particular, the contents and shortcomings of compilations of lists of protected or threatened species by national and international authorities are discussed, major threats to the Indonesian herpetofauna or certain components thereof are described, and a set of measures for better longterm conservation is proposed.
The Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) is a human commensal species that occupies a w... more The Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) is a human commensal species that occupies a wide variety of habitats across tropical Southeast Asia. We test the hypothesis that genetic variation in D. melanostictus is weakly associated with geography owing to natural and human-mediated dispersal facilitated by its commensal nature. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence variation, and predictive species distribution modelling, unexpectedly recovered three distinct evolutionary lineages that differ genetically and ecologically, corresponding to the Asian mainland, coastal Myanmar and the Sundaic islands. The persistence of these three divergent lineages, despite ample opportunities for recent human-mediated and geological dispersal, suggests that D. melanostictus actually consists of multiple species, each having narrower geographical ranges and ecological niches, and higher conservation value, than is currently recognized. These findings also have implications for the invasion potential of this human commensal elsewhere, such as in its recently introduced ranges on the islands of Borneo, Sulawesi, Seram and Madagascar.
EnglishSpanish; CastilianEnglishSpanish; CastilianAbstractAbstract: Little is known about the eff... more EnglishSpanish; CastilianEnglishSpanish; CastilianAbstractAbstract: Little is known about the effects of anthropogenic land-use change on the amphibians and reptiles of the biodiverse tropical forests of Southeast Asia. We studied a land-use modification gradient stretching from primary forest, secondary forest, natural-shade cacao agroforest, planted-shade cacao agroforest to open areas in central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We determined species richness, abundance, turnover, and community composition in all habitat types and related these to environmental correlates, such as canopy heterogeneity and thickness of leaf litter. Amphibian species richness decreased systematically along the land-use modification gradient, but reptile richness and abundance peaked in natural-shade cacao agroforests. Species richness and abundance patterns across the disturbance gradient were best explained by canopy cover and leaf-litter thickness in amphibians and by canopy heterogeneity and cover in reptiles. Amphibians were more severely affected by forest disturbance in Sulawesi than reptiles. Heterogeneous canopy cover and thick leaf litter should be maintained in cacao plantations to facilitate the conservation value for both groups. For long-term and sustainable use of plantations, pruned shade trees should be permanently kept to allow rejuvenation of cacao and, thus, to prevent repeated forest encroachment.AbstractResumen: Se conoce poco de los efectos del cambio de uso de suelo antropogénico sobre los anfibios y reptiles en los biodiversos bosques tropicales del sureste de Asia. Estudiamos un gradiente de modificación de uso de suelo(bosque primario, bosque secundario, agrobosque de cacaco con sombra natural, agrobosque de cacao con sombra sembrada y áreas abiertas) en Sulawesis central (Indonesia). Determinamos la riqueza de especies, abundancia, recambio y composición de la comunidad en todos los tipos de hábitat y las relacionamos con variables ambientales como la heterogeneidad del dosel y grosor de la capa de hojarasca. La riqueza de especies de anfibios disminuyó sistemáticamente a lo largo del gradiente de modificación del uso de suelo, pero la riqueza y abundancia de anfibios fue mayor en los agrobosques de cacao con sombra natural. Los patrones de riqueza y abundancia de especies en el gradiente de perturbación fueron mejor explicados por la cobertura del dosel y el grosor de la hojarasca en anfibios y por la heterogeneidad y cobertura del dosel en reptiles. Los anfibios fueron afectados más severamente que los reptiles por la perturbación del bosque en Sulawesi. Para facilitar el valor de conservación para ambos grupos, se debe mantener una cobertura de dosel heterogénea y una capa gruesa de hojarasca en las plantaciones de cacao. Para el uso a largo plazo y sustentable de plantaciones, permanentemente se deben mantener árboles de sombra podados para permitir el rejuvenecimiento del cacao y, por lo tanto, reducir presión sobre los bosques.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan filogenetik beberapa spesies Limnonectes yang dit... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan filogenetik beberapa spesies Limnonectes yang ditemukan di Sumatera Barat dengan beberapa daerah lainnya di Asia Tenggara berdasarkan urutan DNA gen 16S rRNA. Sekuen DNA dialignment dengan program ClustalX version 1.64b, dan hubungan kekerabatannya dengan daerah lain dianalisis dengan menggunakan program PHYLIP version 3.5c. Hasil alignment memperlihatkan dari 805 site terdapat 250 parsimony informative polymorphism sites. Pohon filogenetik memperlihatkan bahwa spesies Limnonectes dapat dikelompokkan mejadi 2 kluster L. kuhlii complex dan L. blythii complex. L. kuhlii dan L. sp1 masuk pada kluster L. kuhlii komplek sedangkan, L. shomponerum dan L. macrodon masuk pada kluster L. blythii complex. Hasil ini memperlihatkan bahwa L. kuhlii dan L. blythii merupakan spesies komplek yang sebenarnya terdiri dari beberapa spesies.
Cyrtodactylus batik is a new species described on the basis of seven specimens collected from Mou... more Cyrtodactylus batik is a new species described on the basis of seven specimens collected from Mount Tompotika, in the Balantak Mountains, eastern peninsula of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This large Cyrtodactylus (up to 115 mm snoutvent length), differs from all other congeners by the combination of striking velvety black dorsal coloration with four irregular dark bands and yellow markings, enlarged tubercles not differently colored from other parts of the dorsum except on the flanks, and the absence of precloacal and femoral pores. The new species, together with C. wallacei and C. jellesmae appear to form an exclusive lineage in Sulawesi.
A study on the herpetological diversity of Karimata Island was conducted from 27 January-7 March ... more A study on the herpetological diversity of Karimata Island was conducted from 27 January-7 March 2008. Eight species of amphibians, dominated by the family Dicroglossidae (Limnonectes ingeri, L. malesianus, L. paramacrodon and Fejervarya cancrivora) and 18 species of reptiles, dominated by the family Gekkonidae (Cnemaspis kendallii, Cyrtodactylus sp. A, Cyrtodactylus sp. B, Gekko gecko, G. monarchus and Hemidactylus frenatus) were recorded. Due to an impoverished fauna, unusual distribution of certain species has been observed. A Philautus sp. occurs from lowland up to the peak of the highest mountain in this island. Furthermore, some species that were found on Karimata Island (Staurois guttatus, Leptolalax cf. gracilis and Tropidophorus beccarii) were previously thought to be exclusive from predicted to be new species, which further studies will elucidate.
Rcqu Ic 20 fcvricr 1984 Manuscrit rcvisc rcqu Ic 29 juin 1984 ISKANIIAK, D.. ct FRANCOIS BONHOMME... more Rcqu Ic 20 fcvricr 1984 Manuscrit rcvisc rcqu Ic 29 juin 1984 ISKANIIAK, D.. ct FRANCOIS BONHOMME. 1984. Variabilitc clcctrophorctiquc totalc ii I I loci structuraux chcz les rongeurs murides (Muridae. Rodcntia). Can. J . Genet. Cytol. 26: 622-627. Quarantc-six cspcces dc rongeurs dc la famille dcs murides ont @t@ soumiscs ii des Clectrophorcses scquenticlles. utilisant 12 systcmes tampons qui diffkraient par lcur pH et leur composition ioniquc. pour I'ctude dc I 1 loci proteiques. L'enscmble des conditions @lectrophor@tiques a rcv@l@ un total dc 135 variants. dont 68 sont detectcs par unc seulc de ccs conditions. L'augmcntation du simple au double du nombre de variants r@vcIcs est limitee aux comparaisons intergcneriques essentiellcment. puisque I'cmploi de plusicurs tampons n'a fait rcssortir que peu dc variants additionncls intragencriqucs. Ccs rcsultats montrcnt quc I'emploi. quoiquc frequent. de donnecs Clcctrophor@tiqucs standard pour estimcr le degrc de differenciation gCnCtique cntrc taxons ii un niveau d'ordrc supericur ii celui du genre, pcut conduire ii dcs rcsultats erroncs.
Le genre Hylomyscus est, parmi les Muridés africains, un de ceux dont Ja systématique est le plus... more Le genre Hylomyscus est, parmi les Muridés africains, un de ceux dont Ja systématique est le plus sujet à controverse. Certains auteurs le considèrent même seulement comme un sous-genre de Praomys : Misonne (1969, 1974), Cole (19751, Delany (1975), Bishop (1979. Nous pensons, quant à nous, comme Rose-
Page 1. Jurnal Matematika dan Sains Vol. 10 No. 2, Juni 2005, hal 37-44 Kajian Keberagaman Geneti... more Page 1. Jurnal Matematika dan Sains Vol. 10 No. 2, Juni 2005, hal 37-44 Kajian Keberagaman Genetik Nyamuk Anopheles barbirostris dan A. vagus di dua Daerah Endemik Penyakit Malaria di Jawa Barat R. Ameria Sumatri ...
Indonesia is an archipelagic nation comprising some 17,000 islands of varying sizes and geologica... more Indonesia is an archipelagic nation comprising some 17,000 islands of varying sizes and geological origins, as well as marked differences in composition of their floras and faunas. Indonesia is considered one of the megadiversity centers, both in terms of species numbers as well as endemism. According to the Biodiversity Action Plan for Indonesia, 16% of all amphibian and reptile species occur in Indonesia, a total of over 1,100 species. New research activities, launched in the last few years, indicate that these figures may be significantly higher than generally assumed. Indonesia is suspected to host the worldwide highest numbers of amphibian and reptile species. Herpetological research in Indonesia, however, has not progressed at a rate comparable to that of neighboring countries. As a result, the ratio of Indonesian species to the entirety of Southeast Asian and Malesian species has "declined" from about 60% in 1930 to about 50% in 2000, essentially a result of more taxa having been described from areas outside Indonesia. Many of these taxa were subsequently also found in Indonesia. In the last 70 years, 762 new taxa have been described from the Southeast Asia region of which only 262 were from Indonesia. In general, the herpetofauna of Indonesia is poorly understood compared to the herpetofauna of neighboring countries. This refers not only to the taxonomic status, but also to the basic biological and ecological characteristics of most of the species. Moreover, geographic distribution patterns for many species are only poorly known. In view of the alarming rate of forest loss, measures for more effective protection of the herpetofauna of Indonesia are urgently required. The status of virtually all of the Indonesian species, e.g. in terms of IUCN categories, remains unknown, and no action plans have been formulated to date. In addition, research results on Indonesia's amphibian and reptile fauna have often not been made available in the country itself. Finally, there is a clear need to organize research activities in such a way that a larger segment of the Indonesian population becomes aware of the importance of the herpetofauna as an essential component of the country's biodiversity. To address these issues, this paper (1) gives an overview of the herpetofauna as part of Indonesia's biodiversity, (2) outlines the history of herpetological research in the region, (3) identifies major gaps in our knowledge of the Indonesian herpetofauna, and (4) uses this framework for discussing issues and problems of the conservation of amphibians and reptiles in Indonesia. In particular, the contents and shortcomings of compilations of lists of protected or threatened species by national and international authorities are discussed, major threats to the Indonesian herpetofauna or certain components thereof are described, and a set of measures for better longterm conservation is proposed.
The Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) is a human commensal species that occupies a w... more The Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) is a human commensal species that occupies a wide variety of habitats across tropical Southeast Asia. We test the hypothesis that genetic variation in D. melanostictus is weakly associated with geography owing to natural and human-mediated dispersal facilitated by its commensal nature. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence variation, and predictive species distribution modelling, unexpectedly recovered three distinct evolutionary lineages that differ genetically and ecologically, corresponding to the Asian mainland, coastal Myanmar and the Sundaic islands. The persistence of these three divergent lineages, despite ample opportunities for recent human-mediated and geological dispersal, suggests that D. melanostictus actually consists of multiple species, each having narrower geographical ranges and ecological niches, and higher conservation value, than is currently recognized. These findings also have implications for the invasion potential of this human commensal elsewhere, such as in its recently introduced ranges on the islands of Borneo, Sulawesi, Seram and Madagascar.
EnglishSpanish; CastilianEnglishSpanish; CastilianAbstractAbstract: Little is known about the eff... more EnglishSpanish; CastilianEnglishSpanish; CastilianAbstractAbstract: Little is known about the effects of anthropogenic land-use change on the amphibians and reptiles of the biodiverse tropical forests of Southeast Asia. We studied a land-use modification gradient stretching from primary forest, secondary forest, natural-shade cacao agroforest, planted-shade cacao agroforest to open areas in central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We determined species richness, abundance, turnover, and community composition in all habitat types and related these to environmental correlates, such as canopy heterogeneity and thickness of leaf litter. Amphibian species richness decreased systematically along the land-use modification gradient, but reptile richness and abundance peaked in natural-shade cacao agroforests. Species richness and abundance patterns across the disturbance gradient were best explained by canopy cover and leaf-litter thickness in amphibians and by canopy heterogeneity and cover in reptiles. Amphibians were more severely affected by forest disturbance in Sulawesi than reptiles. Heterogeneous canopy cover and thick leaf litter should be maintained in cacao plantations to facilitate the conservation value for both groups. For long-term and sustainable use of plantations, pruned shade trees should be permanently kept to allow rejuvenation of cacao and, thus, to prevent repeated forest encroachment.AbstractResumen: Se conoce poco de los efectos del cambio de uso de suelo antropogénico sobre los anfibios y reptiles en los biodiversos bosques tropicales del sureste de Asia. Estudiamos un gradiente de modificación de uso de suelo(bosque primario, bosque secundario, agrobosque de cacaco con sombra natural, agrobosque de cacao con sombra sembrada y áreas abiertas) en Sulawesis central (Indonesia). Determinamos la riqueza de especies, abundancia, recambio y composición de la comunidad en todos los tipos de hábitat y las relacionamos con variables ambientales como la heterogeneidad del dosel y grosor de la capa de hojarasca. La riqueza de especies de anfibios disminuyó sistemáticamente a lo largo del gradiente de modificación del uso de suelo, pero la riqueza y abundancia de anfibios fue mayor en los agrobosques de cacao con sombra natural. Los patrones de riqueza y abundancia de especies en el gradiente de perturbación fueron mejor explicados por la cobertura del dosel y el grosor de la hojarasca en anfibios y por la heterogeneidad y cobertura del dosel en reptiles. Los anfibios fueron afectados más severamente que los reptiles por la perturbación del bosque en Sulawesi. Para facilitar el valor de conservación para ambos grupos, se debe mantener una cobertura de dosel heterogénea y una capa gruesa de hojarasca en las plantaciones de cacao. Para el uso a largo plazo y sustentable de plantaciones, permanentemente se deben mantener árboles de sombra podados para permitir el rejuvenecimiento del cacao y, por lo tanto, reducir presión sobre los bosques.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan filogenetik beberapa spesies Limnonectes yang dit... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan filogenetik beberapa spesies Limnonectes yang ditemukan di Sumatera Barat dengan beberapa daerah lainnya di Asia Tenggara berdasarkan urutan DNA gen 16S rRNA. Sekuen DNA dialignment dengan program ClustalX version 1.64b, dan hubungan kekerabatannya dengan daerah lain dianalisis dengan menggunakan program PHYLIP version 3.5c. Hasil alignment memperlihatkan dari 805 site terdapat 250 parsimony informative polymorphism sites. Pohon filogenetik memperlihatkan bahwa spesies Limnonectes dapat dikelompokkan mejadi 2 kluster L. kuhlii complex dan L. blythii complex. L. kuhlii dan L. sp1 masuk pada kluster L. kuhlii komplek sedangkan, L. shomponerum dan L. macrodon masuk pada kluster L. blythii complex. Hasil ini memperlihatkan bahwa L. kuhlii dan L. blythii merupakan spesies komplek yang sebenarnya terdiri dari beberapa spesies.
Cyrtodactylus batik is a new species described on the basis of seven specimens collected from Mou... more Cyrtodactylus batik is a new species described on the basis of seven specimens collected from Mount Tompotika, in the Balantak Mountains, eastern peninsula of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This large Cyrtodactylus (up to 115 mm snoutvent length), differs from all other congeners by the combination of striking velvety black dorsal coloration with four irregular dark bands and yellow markings, enlarged tubercles not differently colored from other parts of the dorsum except on the flanks, and the absence of precloacal and femoral pores. The new species, together with C. wallacei and C. jellesmae appear to form an exclusive lineage in Sulawesi.
A study on the herpetological diversity of Karimata Island was conducted from 27 January-7 March ... more A study on the herpetological diversity of Karimata Island was conducted from 27 January-7 March 2008. Eight species of amphibians, dominated by the family Dicroglossidae (Limnonectes ingeri, L. malesianus, L. paramacrodon and Fejervarya cancrivora) and 18 species of reptiles, dominated by the family Gekkonidae (Cnemaspis kendallii, Cyrtodactylus sp. A, Cyrtodactylus sp. B, Gekko gecko, G. monarchus and Hemidactylus frenatus) were recorded. Due to an impoverished fauna, unusual distribution of certain species has been observed. A Philautus sp. occurs from lowland up to the peak of the highest mountain in this island. Furthermore, some species that were found on Karimata Island (Staurois guttatus, Leptolalax cf. gracilis and Tropidophorus beccarii) were previously thought to be exclusive from predicted to be new species, which further studies will elucidate.
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