Research about exploiting of straw as component of ethanol as fermentation based on difference ab... more Research about exploiting of straw as component of ethanol as fermentation based on difference able of inoculums consentration and fermentation time has been studied. Straw utilized in this research is result of agriculture raffle from rice plant type IR 46, which taken away from rice field the district of Lubuk Minturun, Padang. The first, stage hydrolysis was done to straw using H 2 SO 4 P 1% with various time 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minute and determined glucose produced for each sample. The fermentation of ethanol by using Saccharomyces cereviceae bacterium were conducted at temperature 30ºC with speed 100 rpm. Sampling was taking every 6
The optimation of production process of bioplastic poly (3-hidroxybutirat) (P(3HB) fermentation b... more The optimation of production process of bioplastic poly (3-hidroxybutirat) (P(3HB) fermentation by Bacillus sp FAAC 20801 bacteria, using straw as carbon source has been carried out. Detection of P(3HB) produced using gas chromatography. The highest glucosa level obtain by using H 2 SO 4 5% for hidrolisis. From 46800 mg straw (glucosa concentration 200 mg/mL) produce 5379 mg biomassa and 0.058 mg P(3HB) ; from 83400 mg straw (glucosa concentration 400 mg/mL) produce 5011 mg biomassa and 0.124 mg P(3HB) ; from 142800 mg straw (glucosa concentration 600 mg/mL) produce 3992 mg biomassa and 2.309 mg P(3HB).
This research aims were to formulate a floatable acyclovir hollow-microspheres and control the re... more This research aims were to formulate a floatable acyclovir hollow-microspheres and control the release of drug using polymer Eudragit RS PO for prolongation of gastric residence time. The floating microspheres were prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation technique. The ratio between drug and polymer in Formula 1, 2, and 3 were 1: 3; 1: 3.5; and 1: 4, respectively. Drug-excipients compatibility were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infra- Red spectrometry, and particle size distributions were characterized by optical microscopes; while shape and surface morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Dissolution test of acyclovir from the microspheres was carried out using paddle method USP Dissolution Apparatus. Density and buoyancy test were performed by using standard procedures. Increasing of polymer concentrations increased the average particle size. The average particle size of Formula 1, 2, and 3 were 26.09, 33.08, and 37.92 μm, respectively. The higher the p...
The optimal cultivation time of symbiont fungi Aspergillus unguis (WR8) with marine sponge Halicl... more The optimal cultivation time of symbiont fungi Aspergillus unguis (WR8) with marine sponge Haliclona fascigera and antibacterial activity assay from the ethyl acetate extracts symbiont fungi A. unguis (WR8) have been determined. The fungi was cultivated on Sabaoraud Dextrose Broth medium in both static condition and using shaker incubator at 120 rpm at 25-28oC. Optimal cultivation time was determined by the amount of dry biomass mycelium fungi per unit of time. Liquid medium was extracted with ethyl acetate and used for antibacterial activity assay using agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus. The study showed that the optimal cultivation time of symbiont fungi A. unguis (WR8) in static condition was achieved on day 21 while the extract (5 % w/v) inhibited bacterial growth with an inhibition zone of 21 mm. Meanwhile, The optimal cultivation time in the shaker was achieved on day 14 and the inhibition zone of the extract was 11 mm. The study concludes that the optimal cu...
Isolation and identification of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) producing bacteria from soil sample i... more Isolation and identification of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) producing bacteria from soil sample in tropical forest of Anai Valley, West Sumatra, Indonesia which grown in palm oil – Bacto Agar has been carried out. This study was conducted by making the soil sample which diluted until concentration 10-4, and then it was inoculated into palm oil Bacto-Agar as the media. Palm oil was added about 2.3 grams in 500 mL bacto-agar and then incubated 30oC for 48 hours. The screening of the bacteria indicated produced PHA in the cells after cultivation was using staining by 1% solution of Nile Blue-A. The positive result was indicated by appearance of bacterial colonies which showed orange fluorescence which looked under ultraviolet (UV) light at wavelength of 365 nm. Results showed that there were 26 colonies of bacteria producing PHA isolated. The identification of bacteria isolated were conducted by macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical reactions. It was obtained there were 7 isolates o...
The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of soil bacterial isolates from Mount Jaya... more The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of soil bacterial isolates from Mount Jayawijaya, Papua to degrade polyethylene terephthalate synthetic plastics. Research methods used were macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates, polyethylene terephthalate synthetic plastics biodegradation test usingdishakermethod (Shake Flask Experiment) was performed for 30 days andsampling of plastic weight reduction was done once a week. The characterization result of nine bacterial isolates were Gram positive bacteria and the identification results by the biochemical test showed seven different bacterial species, namely: Bacillus sp. 1, Bacillus sp. 2, Bacillus sp. 3, Bacillus sp. 4, Bacillus sp. 5, Bacillus sp. 6 and Bacillus sp. 7. The result of biodegradation testshowed six isolates with ability to degrade synthetic plastic while 1 isolate(ITP 6.2) does not have the ability to degrade synthetic plastics. Bacteria isolate that have a high ability...
Penelitian tentang penentuan waktu optimal pertumbuhan jamur simbion Aspergillus unguis (WR8) dan... more Penelitian tentang penentuan waktu optimal pertumbuhan jamur simbion Aspergillus unguis (WR8) dan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri telah dilakukan. Kultivasi jamur dilakukan dengan menggunakan media Sabaoraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) dalam keadaan statis dan di-shaker (120 rpm) pada suhu 25-28oC. Pertumbuhan jamur secara optimal ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah biomassa kering miselia jamur per satuan waktu. Media cair diekstraksi dengan pelarut etil asetat, ekstrak etil asetat selanjutnya digunakan untuk pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu optimal pertumbuhan jamur simbion tersebut dalam keadaan statis adalah pada hari ke-21 dan diameter hambat ekstrak (5 %b/v) adalah 21 mm. Sedangkan waktu optimal pertumbuhan jamur yang di shaker adalah pada hari ke-14 dan diameter hambat ekstrak sebesar 11 mm. Dapat disimpulkan waktu kultivasi optimal untuk menghasilkan senyawa antibakteri dari jam...
Sponge-derived fungi have attracted recent attention due to its important source of interesting b... more Sponge-derived fungi have attracted recent attention due to its important source of interesting biologically active compounds. In our previous study, we have obtained 13 fungi from marine sponge Neopetrsiachaliniformis. Among them, only Aspergillus nomius NC06 showed cytotoxic activity with the percentage of viability113.9 % and 70.31 % of Vero cell and WiDr colon cancer cell, respectively. This study aimed to isolate the cytotoxic compound from the ethyl acetate extract of N. nomius NC06 using chromatography method. A total of 5 fractions of the extract obtained using vacuum liquid chromatography. These fractions were tested against HCT 116 colon cancer cell and ten human pathogenic bacteria. Fraction II, III, IV, and V showed cytotoxic activity with IC 50 of 5.28, 15.82, 10.27, and 45.57 µg/mL, respectively. In antibacterial testing, fraction II and III were potential because of their ability to inhibit the growth of ten pathogenic bacteria with the diameter of inhibition zone more than 12 mm.
Nitrogen-phosphorus (NP), the very soluble fertilizers, is easy to wash-out in the soil. Objectiv... more Nitrogen-phosphorus (NP), the very soluble fertilizers, is easy to wash-out in the soil. Objectives of the research were to produce a slow release fertilizer (SRF) using polystyrene (PS)-Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)[(P(3-HB)] bioblend as the coating materials, and its characterizations. The possibilities of chemical interactions and surface morphology of coated NP granules were observed using FTIR Spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscope, respectively. phosphorus released from coating granules measured by Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer. Results showed that the IR spectra of uncoated and coated NP granules showed that no chemical interactions were observed during the coating process. The characteristic test using SEM showed a clearly the core of the NP granules coated by the polymer. The percentage of phosphorus released after 48 hours from uncoated, coated granules of Formula 1, 2 and 3 were 68.44, 48.03, 26.90%, and 23.37%, respectively.
The characterization of biopesticide compounds from extract of fermentation products using Bacill... more The characterization of biopesticide compounds from extract of fermentation products using Bacillus subtilis AAF2 UAAC 20701 has been investigated. The fermentation process was carried out in a 1 liter volume bioreactor using a modified corn immersion media with 110 rpm agitation, 37 0 C temperature, initial pH of 7, for 48 hours. Supernatant from fermented products that have been separated from bacterial cells, then extracted and fractionated using organic solvents: hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was dried and tested for its antimicrobial activity against the Ralstonia solanacearum fungal test, Xanthomonas campestris, Fusarium oxysporum and Ssclerotium rolfsii. The separation of active substance compounds was performed by preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and subsequently characterized using Ultra violet-Visible (UV-Vis), Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectra (LC-MS). The results showed that the highest antibiotic activity was obtained from ethyl acetate extract with 100% resistance to both fungi isolates, followed by dichloromethane extract with 76.0% resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and 63.3% to Sclerotiumrolfsii, and the lowest activity was obtained in hexane extract with resistance of 72.0% to Fusarium oxysporum and 38.3% to Sclerotium rolfsii. The ethyl acetate extract has two compounds, with Rf of 0.78 (AAF2 1) and 0.59 (AAF2 2) respectively. The AAF2 2 compounds had high antibiotic activity against Fusarium oxysporum (92.0%) and Sclerotium rolfsii (91.7%), compared with AAF2 1 to Fusariumoxysporum (70.0%) and Sclerotiumrolfsii (55.0%). Both AAF2 1 and AAF2 2 is a potential compound to be developed as biopesticide. The AAF2 2 compound is allegedly to be L-Homocysteine (C8H16N2O4S2).
Conventional Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) fertilizer granules is absorbed by plants ineffi... more Conventional Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) fertilizer granules is absorbed by plants inefficiently. A certain proportion of the fertilizer is released into the environment. The aim of this research was to formulate NPK slow release fertilizer granules using polystyrene-poly 3-hydroxybutyrate polymers. NPK fertilizer granules were coated by spray coating method using polystyrene-polyhydroxybutyrate bioblend. NPK slow release granules obtained were evaluated in term of SEM and FTIR analysis; percentage of coating and released of P2O5; dissolution efficiency and rate of release of P2O5; and the order of release kinetics. FTIR analysis of slow release NPK fertilizer showed no chemical interaction between NPK fertilizer granules and coating polymer materials. The percentage of release of P2O5 from uncoated and coated NPK granules after 48 hours were 94.17 ± 7.88, and 46.45 ± 0.77%, respectively (p <0.05). The rate of release of P2O5 from uncoated and coated NPK fertilizer granules, was 1.90 ± 0.06, and 0.98 ± 0.01 %.h-1 respectively, (p <0.05). Kinetics release of slow release NPK fertilizer followed the Langenbucher kinetics (R = 0.993). The release efficiency of P2O5 from uncoated and coated NPK fertilizer granules were 65.67 and 33.66% (p <0.05), respectively. It can be concluded that coating of NPK fertilizer granule using poly-hydroxy butyrate could influence the rate and release efficiency of P2O5 (p<0.05).
An assay of biodegradation of plastic film combination of polystyrene (PS) and poli (3hydroxy but... more An assay of biodegradation of plastic film combination of polystyrene (PS) and poli (3hydroxy butyrate-ko-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-ko-3HV)] has been conducted. The assay was done by using soil burial test method. The plastic film was made by blending technique of various composition of PS/P(3HB-ko-3HV) in to the mud. The remaining weight of plastic film was determined gravimentically time intervals 1,2,3,4 and 5 weeks of burial. Result showed that the P(3HB-ko-3HV) had an influence on the degradation rate of plastic film. The biodegradation rate increased with an increase in P(3HB-ko-3HV) content in the mixture. The rate was derived from linear regression equation and parameters such as biodegradation rate constant (k), t 50 % and t 95% were obtained.
The use of plastic is considered efficient because it can protect the product, resist impact, has... more The use of plastic is considered efficient because it can protect the product, resist impact, has good stretchpower, water resistant, and relatively cheap price. However mass plastic use can lead to serious environmental damage, because after use the plastic is discharged into the environment and not easily decomposed for a long time. Therefore, one effort that can be done is finding bacteria from nature that will be able to degrading the synthetic plastic. This research was conducted to isolate and characterize bacteria samples of the Jayawijaya Mountains soil that potentially able todegrading polystyrene plastics. Isolation of soil bacteria was carried out with the enrichment method and spread plate. Polystyrene plastic that has been made in thin film form, thencut to 1 cm x 1 cm, weighed, aseptically implanted on NA medium which was inoculated with bacterial isolates, and incubated for 4 weeks at 30 o C. After the incubation period, the plastic film was taken, cleaned, dried and weighed again. Reduction of the weight of the plastic film before and after incubation was calculated in percentages by weight / weight. From this experiment, one potential bacterial strain to degrading polystyrene plastic film was obtained up to 29% b / b, namely ITP isolate 10.1.1. Macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characterization of isolates of ITP 10.1.1 indicated that this bacterium is a Gram positive with bacillus form. The surface profile of the plastic film after 4 weeks of observation was observed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showing the erosion and damage to the surface of the tested polystyrene plastic film.
Research about exploiting of straw as component of ethanol as fermentation based on difference ab... more Research about exploiting of straw as component of ethanol as fermentation based on difference able of inoculums consentration and fermentation time has been studied. Straw utilized in this research is result of agriculture raffle from rice plant type IR 46, which taken away from rice field the district of Lubuk Minturun, Padang. The first, stage hydrolysis was done to straw using H 2 SO 4 P 1% with various time 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minute and determined glucose produced for each sample. The fermentation of ethanol by using Saccharomyces cereviceae bacterium were conducted at temperature 30ºC with speed 100 rpm. Sampling was taking every 6
The optimation of production process of bioplastic poly (3-hidroxybutirat) (P(3HB) fermentation b... more The optimation of production process of bioplastic poly (3-hidroxybutirat) (P(3HB) fermentation by Bacillus sp FAAC 20801 bacteria, using straw as carbon source has been carried out. Detection of P(3HB) produced using gas chromatography. The highest glucosa level obtain by using H 2 SO 4 5% for hidrolisis. From 46800 mg straw (glucosa concentration 200 mg/mL) produce 5379 mg biomassa and 0.058 mg P(3HB) ; from 83400 mg straw (glucosa concentration 400 mg/mL) produce 5011 mg biomassa and 0.124 mg P(3HB) ; from 142800 mg straw (glucosa concentration 600 mg/mL) produce 3992 mg biomassa and 2.309 mg P(3HB).
This research aims were to formulate a floatable acyclovir hollow-microspheres and control the re... more This research aims were to formulate a floatable acyclovir hollow-microspheres and control the release of drug using polymer Eudragit RS PO for prolongation of gastric residence time. The floating microspheres were prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation technique. The ratio between drug and polymer in Formula 1, 2, and 3 were 1: 3; 1: 3.5; and 1: 4, respectively. Drug-excipients compatibility were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infra- Red spectrometry, and particle size distributions were characterized by optical microscopes; while shape and surface morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Dissolution test of acyclovir from the microspheres was carried out using paddle method USP Dissolution Apparatus. Density and buoyancy test were performed by using standard procedures. Increasing of polymer concentrations increased the average particle size. The average particle size of Formula 1, 2, and 3 were 26.09, 33.08, and 37.92 μm, respectively. The higher the p...
The optimal cultivation time of symbiont fungi Aspergillus unguis (WR8) with marine sponge Halicl... more The optimal cultivation time of symbiont fungi Aspergillus unguis (WR8) with marine sponge Haliclona fascigera and antibacterial activity assay from the ethyl acetate extracts symbiont fungi A. unguis (WR8) have been determined. The fungi was cultivated on Sabaoraud Dextrose Broth medium in both static condition and using shaker incubator at 120 rpm at 25-28oC. Optimal cultivation time was determined by the amount of dry biomass mycelium fungi per unit of time. Liquid medium was extracted with ethyl acetate and used for antibacterial activity assay using agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus. The study showed that the optimal cultivation time of symbiont fungi A. unguis (WR8) in static condition was achieved on day 21 while the extract (5 % w/v) inhibited bacterial growth with an inhibition zone of 21 mm. Meanwhile, The optimal cultivation time in the shaker was achieved on day 14 and the inhibition zone of the extract was 11 mm. The study concludes that the optimal cu...
Isolation and identification of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) producing bacteria from soil sample i... more Isolation and identification of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) producing bacteria from soil sample in tropical forest of Anai Valley, West Sumatra, Indonesia which grown in palm oil – Bacto Agar has been carried out. This study was conducted by making the soil sample which diluted until concentration 10-4, and then it was inoculated into palm oil Bacto-Agar as the media. Palm oil was added about 2.3 grams in 500 mL bacto-agar and then incubated 30oC for 48 hours. The screening of the bacteria indicated produced PHA in the cells after cultivation was using staining by 1% solution of Nile Blue-A. The positive result was indicated by appearance of bacterial colonies which showed orange fluorescence which looked under ultraviolet (UV) light at wavelength of 365 nm. Results showed that there were 26 colonies of bacteria producing PHA isolated. The identification of bacteria isolated were conducted by macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical reactions. It was obtained there were 7 isolates o...
The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of soil bacterial isolates from Mount Jaya... more The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of soil bacterial isolates from Mount Jayawijaya, Papua to degrade polyethylene terephthalate synthetic plastics. Research methods used were macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates, polyethylene terephthalate synthetic plastics biodegradation test usingdishakermethod (Shake Flask Experiment) was performed for 30 days andsampling of plastic weight reduction was done once a week. The characterization result of nine bacterial isolates were Gram positive bacteria and the identification results by the biochemical test showed seven different bacterial species, namely: Bacillus sp. 1, Bacillus sp. 2, Bacillus sp. 3, Bacillus sp. 4, Bacillus sp. 5, Bacillus sp. 6 and Bacillus sp. 7. The result of biodegradation testshowed six isolates with ability to degrade synthetic plastic while 1 isolate(ITP 6.2) does not have the ability to degrade synthetic plastics. Bacteria isolate that have a high ability...
Penelitian tentang penentuan waktu optimal pertumbuhan jamur simbion Aspergillus unguis (WR8) dan... more Penelitian tentang penentuan waktu optimal pertumbuhan jamur simbion Aspergillus unguis (WR8) dan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri telah dilakukan. Kultivasi jamur dilakukan dengan menggunakan media Sabaoraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) dalam keadaan statis dan di-shaker (120 rpm) pada suhu 25-28oC. Pertumbuhan jamur secara optimal ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah biomassa kering miselia jamur per satuan waktu. Media cair diekstraksi dengan pelarut etil asetat, ekstrak etil asetat selanjutnya digunakan untuk pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu optimal pertumbuhan jamur simbion tersebut dalam keadaan statis adalah pada hari ke-21 dan diameter hambat ekstrak (5 %b/v) adalah 21 mm. Sedangkan waktu optimal pertumbuhan jamur yang di shaker adalah pada hari ke-14 dan diameter hambat ekstrak sebesar 11 mm. Dapat disimpulkan waktu kultivasi optimal untuk menghasilkan senyawa antibakteri dari jam...
Sponge-derived fungi have attracted recent attention due to its important source of interesting b... more Sponge-derived fungi have attracted recent attention due to its important source of interesting biologically active compounds. In our previous study, we have obtained 13 fungi from marine sponge Neopetrsiachaliniformis. Among them, only Aspergillus nomius NC06 showed cytotoxic activity with the percentage of viability113.9 % and 70.31 % of Vero cell and WiDr colon cancer cell, respectively. This study aimed to isolate the cytotoxic compound from the ethyl acetate extract of N. nomius NC06 using chromatography method. A total of 5 fractions of the extract obtained using vacuum liquid chromatography. These fractions were tested against HCT 116 colon cancer cell and ten human pathogenic bacteria. Fraction II, III, IV, and V showed cytotoxic activity with IC 50 of 5.28, 15.82, 10.27, and 45.57 µg/mL, respectively. In antibacterial testing, fraction II and III were potential because of their ability to inhibit the growth of ten pathogenic bacteria with the diameter of inhibition zone more than 12 mm.
Nitrogen-phosphorus (NP), the very soluble fertilizers, is easy to wash-out in the soil. Objectiv... more Nitrogen-phosphorus (NP), the very soluble fertilizers, is easy to wash-out in the soil. Objectives of the research were to produce a slow release fertilizer (SRF) using polystyrene (PS)-Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)[(P(3-HB)] bioblend as the coating materials, and its characterizations. The possibilities of chemical interactions and surface morphology of coated NP granules were observed using FTIR Spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscope, respectively. phosphorus released from coating granules measured by Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer. Results showed that the IR spectra of uncoated and coated NP granules showed that no chemical interactions were observed during the coating process. The characteristic test using SEM showed a clearly the core of the NP granules coated by the polymer. The percentage of phosphorus released after 48 hours from uncoated, coated granules of Formula 1, 2 and 3 were 68.44, 48.03, 26.90%, and 23.37%, respectively.
The characterization of biopesticide compounds from extract of fermentation products using Bacill... more The characterization of biopesticide compounds from extract of fermentation products using Bacillus subtilis AAF2 UAAC 20701 has been investigated. The fermentation process was carried out in a 1 liter volume bioreactor using a modified corn immersion media with 110 rpm agitation, 37 0 C temperature, initial pH of 7, for 48 hours. Supernatant from fermented products that have been separated from bacterial cells, then extracted and fractionated using organic solvents: hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was dried and tested for its antimicrobial activity against the Ralstonia solanacearum fungal test, Xanthomonas campestris, Fusarium oxysporum and Ssclerotium rolfsii. The separation of active substance compounds was performed by preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and subsequently characterized using Ultra violet-Visible (UV-Vis), Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectra (LC-MS). The results showed that the highest antibiotic activity was obtained from ethyl acetate extract with 100% resistance to both fungi isolates, followed by dichloromethane extract with 76.0% resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and 63.3% to Sclerotiumrolfsii, and the lowest activity was obtained in hexane extract with resistance of 72.0% to Fusarium oxysporum and 38.3% to Sclerotium rolfsii. The ethyl acetate extract has two compounds, with Rf of 0.78 (AAF2 1) and 0.59 (AAF2 2) respectively. The AAF2 2 compounds had high antibiotic activity against Fusarium oxysporum (92.0%) and Sclerotium rolfsii (91.7%), compared with AAF2 1 to Fusariumoxysporum (70.0%) and Sclerotiumrolfsii (55.0%). Both AAF2 1 and AAF2 2 is a potential compound to be developed as biopesticide. The AAF2 2 compound is allegedly to be L-Homocysteine (C8H16N2O4S2).
Conventional Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) fertilizer granules is absorbed by plants ineffi... more Conventional Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) fertilizer granules is absorbed by plants inefficiently. A certain proportion of the fertilizer is released into the environment. The aim of this research was to formulate NPK slow release fertilizer granules using polystyrene-poly 3-hydroxybutyrate polymers. NPK fertilizer granules were coated by spray coating method using polystyrene-polyhydroxybutyrate bioblend. NPK slow release granules obtained were evaluated in term of SEM and FTIR analysis; percentage of coating and released of P2O5; dissolution efficiency and rate of release of P2O5; and the order of release kinetics. FTIR analysis of slow release NPK fertilizer showed no chemical interaction between NPK fertilizer granules and coating polymer materials. The percentage of release of P2O5 from uncoated and coated NPK granules after 48 hours were 94.17 ± 7.88, and 46.45 ± 0.77%, respectively (p <0.05). The rate of release of P2O5 from uncoated and coated NPK fertilizer granules, was 1.90 ± 0.06, and 0.98 ± 0.01 %.h-1 respectively, (p <0.05). Kinetics release of slow release NPK fertilizer followed the Langenbucher kinetics (R = 0.993). The release efficiency of P2O5 from uncoated and coated NPK fertilizer granules were 65.67 and 33.66% (p <0.05), respectively. It can be concluded that coating of NPK fertilizer granule using poly-hydroxy butyrate could influence the rate and release efficiency of P2O5 (p<0.05).
An assay of biodegradation of plastic film combination of polystyrene (PS) and poli (3hydroxy but... more An assay of biodegradation of plastic film combination of polystyrene (PS) and poli (3hydroxy butyrate-ko-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-ko-3HV)] has been conducted. The assay was done by using soil burial test method. The plastic film was made by blending technique of various composition of PS/P(3HB-ko-3HV) in to the mud. The remaining weight of plastic film was determined gravimentically time intervals 1,2,3,4 and 5 weeks of burial. Result showed that the P(3HB-ko-3HV) had an influence on the degradation rate of plastic film. The biodegradation rate increased with an increase in P(3HB-ko-3HV) content in the mixture. The rate was derived from linear regression equation and parameters such as biodegradation rate constant (k), t 50 % and t 95% were obtained.
The use of plastic is considered efficient because it can protect the product, resist impact, has... more The use of plastic is considered efficient because it can protect the product, resist impact, has good stretchpower, water resistant, and relatively cheap price. However mass plastic use can lead to serious environmental damage, because after use the plastic is discharged into the environment and not easily decomposed for a long time. Therefore, one effort that can be done is finding bacteria from nature that will be able to degrading the synthetic plastic. This research was conducted to isolate and characterize bacteria samples of the Jayawijaya Mountains soil that potentially able todegrading polystyrene plastics. Isolation of soil bacteria was carried out with the enrichment method and spread plate. Polystyrene plastic that has been made in thin film form, thencut to 1 cm x 1 cm, weighed, aseptically implanted on NA medium which was inoculated with bacterial isolates, and incubated for 4 weeks at 30 o C. After the incubation period, the plastic film was taken, cleaned, dried and weighed again. Reduction of the weight of the plastic film before and after incubation was calculated in percentages by weight / weight. From this experiment, one potential bacterial strain to degrading polystyrene plastic film was obtained up to 29% b / b, namely ITP isolate 10.1.1. Macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characterization of isolates of ITP 10.1.1 indicated that this bacterium is a Gram positive with bacillus form. The surface profile of the plastic film after 4 weeks of observation was observed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showing the erosion and damage to the surface of the tested polystyrene plastic film.
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