The section of the San Andreas fault located between Cholame Valley and San Juan Bautista in cent... more The section of the San Andreas fault located between Cholame Valley and San Juan Bautista in central California creeps at a rate as high as 28mmyr-1 (ref. 1), and it is also the segment that yields the best evidence for being a weak fault embedded in a strong crust. Serpentinized ultramafic rocks have been associated with creeping faults in central and northern California, and serpentinite is commonly invoked as the cause of the creep and the low strength of this section of the San Andreas fault. However, the frictional strengths of serpentine minerals are too high to satisfy the limitations on fault strength, and these minerals also have the potential for unstable slip under some conditions. Here we report the discovery of talc in cuttings of serpentinite collected from the probable active trace of the San Andreas fault that was intersected during drilling of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) main hole in 2005. We infer that the talc is forming as a result of the reaction of serpentine minerals with silica-saturated hydrothermal fluids that migrate up the fault zone, and the talc commonly occurs in sheared serpentinite. This discovery is significant, as the frictional strength of talc at elevated temperatures is sufficiently low to meet the constraints on the shear strength of the fault, and its inherently stable sliding behaviour is consistent with fault creep. Talc may therefore provide the connection between serpentinite and creep in the San Andreas fault, if shear at depth can become localized along a talc-rich principal-slip surface within serpentinite entrained in the fault zone.
The siphonous green algae are an assemblage of seaweeds that consist of a single giant cell. They... more The siphonous green algae are an assemblage of seaweeds that consist of a single giant cell. They comprise two sister orders, the Bryopsidales and Dasycladales. We infer the phylogenetic relationships among the siphonous green algae based on a five-locus data matrix and analyze temporal aspects of their diversification using relaxed molecular clock methods calibrated with the fossil record. The multi-locus approach resolves much of the previous phylogenetic uncertainty, but the radiation of families belonging to the core Halimedineae remains unresolved. In the Bryopsidales, three main clades were inferred, two of which correspond to previously described suborders (Bryopsidineae and Halimedineae) and a third lineage that contains only the limestone-boring genus Ostreobium. Relaxed molecular clock models indicate a Neoproterozoic origin of the siphonous green algae and a Paleozoic diversification of the orders into their families. The inferred node ages are used to resolve conflicting hypotheses about species ages in the tropical marine alga Halimeda.
Background Vulval and vaginal cancers among younger women are often related to infection with hum... more Background Vulval and vaginal cancers among younger women are often related to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). These cancers are preceded by high-grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN2-3) and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN2-3). Our aim was to do a combined analysis of three randomised clinical trials to assess the eff ect of a prophylactic quadrivalent HPV vaccine on the incidence of these diseases.
Copd-journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2010
ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes are increasingly used to estimate the burden of disease, as well as to e... more ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes are increasingly used to estimate the burden of disease, as well as to evaluate the quality of care and outcomes of various conditions. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AE-COPD) are common and associated with substantial health and financial burden in the U.S. Whether published algorithms that employ different combinations of ICD-9-CM codes to identify patients hospitalized for AE-COPD yield similar or different estimates of disease burden is unclear. In this study, the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from years 2000-2006 was used to identify and compare the number of hospitalizations, healthcare utilization, and outcomes for patients hospitalized for AE-COPD in the U.S. AE-COPD was identified using five different published ICD-9-CM algorithms. Estimates of the annual number of hospitalizations for AE-COPD in the U.S. varied more than 2-fold (e.g., 421,000 to 870,000 in 2006). Outcomes and healthcare utilization of patients hospitalized for AE-COPD varied substantially, depending on the algorithm used (e.g., in-hospital mortality 2.0% to 5.1%, total hospital days 2.0 to 5.1 million in 2006). Observed trends in the number of hospitalizations over the 7-year period varied depending on which algorithm was used. In conclusion, the estimated health burden and trends in hospitalizations for AE-COPD in the United States differ, depending on which ICD-9-CM algorithm is used. To improve our understanding of the burden of AE-COPD and to ensure that quality of care initiatives are not misdirected, a validated approach to identifying patients hospitalized for AE-COPD is needed.
This research examined the effects of three factors (friendship, gender, and topic of teasing) on... more This research examined the effects of three factors (friendship, gender, and topic of teasing) on adolescents’ predicted emotional reactions to hypothetical teasing episodes regarding appearance and academic competence. The 8th graders (n =131) in Study 1 made predictions regarding the negative emotions and humor experienced when teasing occurred in a same-sex dyad of either friends or classmates. The 6th and 8th graders (n=211) in Study 2 responded to hypothetical teasing interactions between same-sex or cross-sex dyads of friends or classmates. The results revealed that teasing by friends was interpreted with a more benevolent frame than that accorded to classmates. Overall, girls expected greater negative affect to result from the teasing than did the boys, especially when teasing was regarding weight. Although 8th graders reported more frequent teasing at school among same-sex peers, there were few grade differences in the predicted emotional reactions. For all students, teasing about weight was predicted to generate the most negative affect and least humor. The results support the relevance of the three factors for understanding the interpretation of teasing.
The section of the San Andreas fault located between Cholame Valley and San Juan Bautista in cent... more The section of the San Andreas fault located between Cholame Valley and San Juan Bautista in central California creeps at a rate as high as 28mmyr-1 (ref. 1), and it is also the segment that yields the best evidence for being a weak fault embedded in a strong crust. Serpentinized ultramafic rocks have been associated with creeping faults in central and northern California, and serpentinite is commonly invoked as the cause of the creep and the low strength of this section of the San Andreas fault. However, the frictional strengths of serpentine minerals are too high to satisfy the limitations on fault strength, and these minerals also have the potential for unstable slip under some conditions. Here we report the discovery of talc in cuttings of serpentinite collected from the probable active trace of the San Andreas fault that was intersected during drilling of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) main hole in 2005. We infer that the talc is forming as a result of the reaction of serpentine minerals with silica-saturated hydrothermal fluids that migrate up the fault zone, and the talc commonly occurs in sheared serpentinite. This discovery is significant, as the frictional strength of talc at elevated temperatures is sufficiently low to meet the constraints on the shear strength of the fault, and its inherently stable sliding behaviour is consistent with fault creep. Talc may therefore provide the connection between serpentinite and creep in the San Andreas fault, if shear at depth can become localized along a talc-rich principal-slip surface within serpentinite entrained in the fault zone.
The siphonous green algae are an assemblage of seaweeds that consist of a single giant cell. They... more The siphonous green algae are an assemblage of seaweeds that consist of a single giant cell. They comprise two sister orders, the Bryopsidales and Dasycladales. We infer the phylogenetic relationships among the siphonous green algae based on a five-locus data matrix and analyze temporal aspects of their diversification using relaxed molecular clock methods calibrated with the fossil record. The multi-locus approach resolves much of the previous phylogenetic uncertainty, but the radiation of families belonging to the core Halimedineae remains unresolved. In the Bryopsidales, three main clades were inferred, two of which correspond to previously described suborders (Bryopsidineae and Halimedineae) and a third lineage that contains only the limestone-boring genus Ostreobium. Relaxed molecular clock models indicate a Neoproterozoic origin of the siphonous green algae and a Paleozoic diversification of the orders into their families. The inferred node ages are used to resolve conflicting hypotheses about species ages in the tropical marine alga Halimeda.
Background Vulval and vaginal cancers among younger women are often related to infection with hum... more Background Vulval and vaginal cancers among younger women are often related to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). These cancers are preceded by high-grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN2-3) and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN2-3). Our aim was to do a combined analysis of three randomised clinical trials to assess the eff ect of a prophylactic quadrivalent HPV vaccine on the incidence of these diseases.
Copd-journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2010
ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes are increasingly used to estimate the burden of disease, as well as to e... more ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes are increasingly used to estimate the burden of disease, as well as to evaluate the quality of care and outcomes of various conditions. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AE-COPD) are common and associated with substantial health and financial burden in the U.S. Whether published algorithms that employ different combinations of ICD-9-CM codes to identify patients hospitalized for AE-COPD yield similar or different estimates of disease burden is unclear. In this study, the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from years 2000-2006 was used to identify and compare the number of hospitalizations, healthcare utilization, and outcomes for patients hospitalized for AE-COPD in the U.S. AE-COPD was identified using five different published ICD-9-CM algorithms. Estimates of the annual number of hospitalizations for AE-COPD in the U.S. varied more than 2-fold (e.g., 421,000 to 870,000 in 2006). Outcomes and healthcare utilization of patients hospitalized for AE-COPD varied substantially, depending on the algorithm used (e.g., in-hospital mortality 2.0% to 5.1%, total hospital days 2.0 to 5.1 million in 2006). Observed trends in the number of hospitalizations over the 7-year period varied depending on which algorithm was used. In conclusion, the estimated health burden and trends in hospitalizations for AE-COPD in the United States differ, depending on which ICD-9-CM algorithm is used. To improve our understanding of the burden of AE-COPD and to ensure that quality of care initiatives are not misdirected, a validated approach to identifying patients hospitalized for AE-COPD is needed.
This research examined the effects of three factors (friendship, gender, and topic of teasing) on... more This research examined the effects of three factors (friendship, gender, and topic of teasing) on adolescents’ predicted emotional reactions to hypothetical teasing episodes regarding appearance and academic competence. The 8th graders (n =131) in Study 1 made predictions regarding the negative emotions and humor experienced when teasing occurred in a same-sex dyad of either friends or classmates. The 6th and 8th graders (n=211) in Study 2 responded to hypothetical teasing interactions between same-sex or cross-sex dyads of friends or classmates. The results revealed that teasing by friends was interpreted with a more benevolent frame than that accorded to classmates. Overall, girls expected greater negative affect to result from the teasing than did the boys, especially when teasing was regarding weight. Although 8th graders reported more frequent teasing at school among same-sex peers, there were few grade differences in the predicted emotional reactions. For all students, teasing about weight was predicted to generate the most negative affect and least humor. The results support the relevance of the three factors for understanding the interpretation of teasing.
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Papers by Diane Bautista