Iraqi journal of agricultural science, Jan 25, 2024
This study was conducted to determine the genetic variability among maize inbred lines grown in I... more This study was conducted to determine the genetic variability among maize inbred lines grown in Iraq by using Simple Sequence Recurrent (SSR) markers. For estimating the genetic relationships, 10 SSR primers were used with 10 maize inbred lines. Two hundred and sixteen alleles (bands) with a range of 13 to 41 were identified for the SSR loci. Polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 10 SSR loci ranged from 0.60% to 100%. Primers 'umc1566', 'umc1542', and 'umc2189' showed the maximum PIC value; by contrast, 'umc2225'showed the lowest PIC value. The 10 maize inbreds were clustered based on the matrix of genetic similarity using the UPGMA algorithm. Cluster analysis placed the inbreds lines in three clusters based on SSR data. The studied inbreds lines divided to groups and subgroups with cluster analysis that revealed agreement with their geographical origin. The results indicated that SSR marker has a high degree of polymorphism that allows efficient identification of maize genotypes, and this could be used in determining their heterotic groups.
Effects of temperature (500, 600 and 700°C) and time (30, 75 and 120 min) on the thermal regenera... more Effects of temperature (500, 600 and 700°C) and time (30, 75 and 120 min) on the thermal regeneration of spent bleaching earth were investigated. Regenerated samples were used to adsorb the methylene blue from the aqueous solution. Experiment carried out at pH=5.6, temperature=25°C, initial concentration of methylene blue=4 ppm and mixing time=60 min. During the experiments, the pH of the solutions was fixed using the potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer and concentration of methylene blue was measured using the spectrophotometer at 657 nm. The maximum observed removal was found 97.05 %. The optimum temperature and time were found 587°C and 78 min, respectively. The optimum removal was found 97.38% at optimum conditions while virgin bleaching earth revealed the removal of 89.89%. According to perturbation diagram, both temperature and time have a peak at the middle of the ranges.
Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated ... more Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated soils, waste and industrial-byproducts contaminated soils, and animal byproducts-contaminated soils). The bacterium was highly abundant in soils contaminated with animal byproducts. Eight serotypes with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis being the most common. Out of the twenty-six isolated strains, five strains (serotype: kenyae, kurstaki, kurstaki HD1 and thuringiensis) that produced bipyramid crystal proteins were toxic to the lepidoptera larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The SDS-PAGE protein profile analysis showed a relationship between the crystal protein shape and the toxicity to the larvae of the tested insect.
Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated ... more Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated soils, waste and industrial-byproducts contaminated soils, and animal byproducts-contaminated soils). The bacterium was highly abundant in soils contaminated with animal byproducts. Eight serotypes with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis being the most common. Out of the twenty-six isolated strains, five strains (serotype: kenyae, kurstaki, kurstaki HD1 and thuringiensis) that produced bipyramid crystal proteins were toxic to the lepidoptera larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The SDS-PAGE protein profile analysis showed a relationship between the crystal protein shape and the toxicity to the larvae of the tested insect.
Traditionally, in vitro production of wheat haploids requires a two-step procedure: induction of ... more Traditionally, in vitro production of wheat haploids requires a two-step procedure: induction of pollen callus and plantlet regeneration. Sometimes, a third step is required to promote the initiation and growth of roots following shoot regeneration. To be a practical tool in breeding programs, anther culture technique must be simple, efficient, and reliable. Although much progress has been made in wheat anther culture, problems still remain. (1) It is difficult to maintain a constant supply of anthers. (2) The frequency of regeneration is low and appears to depend on genotype. (3) Some regenerated plants are albinos or aneuploids. (4) Techniques of chromosome doubling need improvement.
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a nutritious vegetable that grown all over the world. It is a p... more Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a nutritious vegetable that grown all over the world. It is a promising herbal plant, rich in bioactive components. It is considered as medicinal plant due to its nutritional and phytochemical composition, especially high proportion of phenolic compounds. The primary aim of this study was to achieve chemical profile analyses of artichoke for different phytochemcials, especially Scolymoside and Cynaroside. Methanolic crude was extracted from Artichoke leaves by rotary evaporator and separated by column chromatography. The fractions monitored by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and identified in High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Two important compounds, Scolymoside and Cynaroside were separated and identified. In overall, Artichoke could be regarded as a rich source of biologically active compounds and considered as bio-functional with putative antioxidant effects.
Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) represent a potentially novel non-toxic alternative to conventio... more Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) represent a potentially novel non-toxic alternative to conventional cancer therapy towardmany cancers particularly breast cancer.This study was conducted to detect the cytotoxic activity of T. officinale whole plant ethanolic extract on human breast cancer(MCF-7) cells in vitro compared to human hepatic (WRL-68) cells using MTT assay.Graphed 6 prism program including non-linear regression with one –way ANOVA followed by Dennett’s multiple comparisontest to obtain data represent the mean+ SD.The results revealed high toxicity of the extract against MCF-7 cells with IC50 (190.5 μg.ml-1) and showed high-reducedactivity toward WRL-68 cells with high IC50 value while the lowest viability (21.57±5.322) appeared in MCF-7 cells undertreatment with 400 μg.ml-1 compared with high viability in WRL-68 cells.The study concluded that T. officinale extract has a valuable source of anticancer drugs with safe and selective activity oncancer cells in comparison to hum...
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacterial poisoning and spread widely in Iraq. In this ... more Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacterial poisoning and spread widely in Iraq. In this study vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) were isolated from wounds, skin, and nose of human. The isolates were identified by using biochemical tests.Sixty one (72.6%) isolates were identified as S.aureus, followed by CoNS 23 (27.3%) from 250 sample collected. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion ,the results of the susceptibility test indicated that 59 S. aureus isolates have different levels of resistance to antibiotics.In this study tow methods were used to identify resistant and intermediate resistance to vancomycin: which were Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and automated system Vitek2 method. Results of Disk diffusion method indicated that (19.6%) isolates were resistant to vancomycin.The results of Vitek2 resistant test for 20 isolates indicated that 9(45%) isolates were resistant to vancomycin, with MIC value of (32 μg / ml); 3(15%) isolates showed intermediate resistant to vancomycin, with MIC value of (4 μg / ml),8(40%) isolates showed sensitive to vancomycin with MIC value of (≤0.5-2 μg / ml).Population analysis profile (PAP) method was uesd to detect Heteroresistant Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus for the 10 isolates. The results showed that 9 (90%) isolates of S.aureus were resistant to vancomycin , while 1(10%) isolate was sensitive.
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of coagulase positive staphylococcus (CPS) ... more This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of coagulase positive staphylococcus (CPS) in Jordan and to investigate the presence of genes encoding exfoliative toxins (eta, etb), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst). Seven hundred and fifty three samples were used including 273 obtained from human sources and 480 from animals (sheep, cows, and goats). One hundred and sixty seven isolates were identified as CPS and appeared as gram positive cocci, non-motile, produced coagulase, catalase, reduce tellurite, were resistant to acriflavin, unable to produce oxidase and amylase. The prevalence of CPS colonizing human was 115(42.1%) with 26.0% in nasal and 16.0% in nails. Livestock-associated CPS was detected in 52(10.8%) of the samples. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification revealed eta to be the most common toxin gene detected in 36.5 and 28.8%, followed by tst in 25.2 and 5.76% of human and animal isolates, respectively. The possession of various gene combinations was...
The artichoke (Cynara scolymus) belongs to Asteraceae family. It is included in British and Europ... more The artichoke (Cynara scolymus) belongs to Asteraceae family. It is included in British and European Pharmacopeia and has long-used in traditional medicine in several countries. The plant primarily grows in North Africa and Mediterranean; in addition, it is cultivated around the world. Artichoke is wildly distributed in Iraq at the watery lines and boundary of the field. The aim of study was to induce callus from leaves as explants, and to compare between contents of total phenolic and total flavonoids that extracted from the induced callus and from leaves. The induced callus was maintained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Benzyl Adenine (BA). The highest percentage of callus (100%) was induced from the combination (5mg/l NAA plus 2 mg/l BA), followed by (86.67%) with the combination (3mg/l NAA plus 1mg/l BA). Two types of callus (friable and compact) were induced. The extract of friable callus produced 0.858 mg/g of total phenolic, while leaves extract produced 167.24 µg/ mg of total flavonoids. Auxins and cytokinins that added together in the culture medium seemed to be necessary for artichoke tissue culture.
Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) is a herbal medicinal plant, which suffers from wide limitations... more Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) is a herbal medicinal plant, which suffers from wide limitations when cultivated in the soil, including environmental limitations as well as the low rate of seed germination. The study involved using different explants (leaves, petioles and roots) of T. officinale from two sources, locally collected wild plants from Iraq and plants from in vitro germinated seeds. That cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators (NAA, BAP, IAA and BA) with registering the obtained response and periods taken until a response to establish a rapid and efficient protocol for in vitro micropropagation of the plant. The study results elucidated the ability for in vitro micropropagation of T. officinale plant in two ways; through direct and indirect organogenesis. The explants of in vitro germinated plants origin are a better source of explants than wild plants origin; moreover, the petioles are...
Plantlets derived from in vitro culture might exhibit somoclonal variation which is often heritab... more Plantlets derived from in vitro culture might exhibit somoclonal variation which is often heritable, and molecular variations may be generated in vitro. Since the direction of most studies is toward nuclear genome, there is a little known about the DNA of organelles. This study was conducted to test the genetic stability of wheat organelles genomes for plantlets produced by anther culture using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. One of the intergenic regions of cpDNA and one of mtDNA introns were amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were then sequenced and digested with four restriction endonucleases (EcoR1, BamH1, NdeI and Sac1). The amplified product from cpDNA was 1000 bp in size, and digested only with NdeI into two bands with 650 and 350 bp. The amplified product from mtDNA was 1550 bp in size, and digested only with Sac1 into two bands with 1220 and 330 bp. The results obtained showed that no noticeable difference can be detected between doubled haploid plantlets and parental plants at the level of ctDNA and mtDNA organization. It can be concluded that in vitro culture by itself does not systematically generate a cytoplasmic variation in plant cells.
Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated ... more Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated soils, waste and industrial-byproducts contaminated soils, and animal byproducts-contaminated soils). The bacterium was highly abundant in soils contaminated with animal byproducts. Eight serotypes with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis being the most common. Out of the twenty-six isolated strains, five strains (serotype: kenyae, kurstaki, kurstaki HD1 and thuringiensis) that produced bipyramid crystal proteins were toxic to the lepidoptera larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The SDS-PAGE protein profile analysis showed a relationship between the crystal protein shape and the toxicity to the larvae of the tested insect.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting autosomal recessive disorder with highly variable clinica... more Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting autosomal recessive disorder with highly variable clinical presentation, characterized by mutation of the CFTR gene located on chromosome 7, which encodes for an important component in the coordination of electrolytes movement across epithelial cell membranes. The CFTR gene has numerous mutations (> 1000) and polymorphism (>200). The frequency of certain mutation can vary among different geographic and ethnic groups. To evaluate the present mutations detection system for CF and to identify the most common mutations among CF Jordanian patients, forty two unrelated Jordanian cystic fibrosis patients (males and females) were screened for the mutation in exons (2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16, 19, 20 and 21) and introns (5, 12, 14b, 17a) using the 36 common Caucasian mutations of commercial INNO-LiPA 17Tn update and INNO-LiPA19 diagnostic kits. Conventional PCR technique was use to detect whole deletion in exon 2 and exons 17 – 18 study groups...
Wheat and barley are the principal food crops for millions of people in the predominantly mixed c... more Wheat and barley are the principal food crops for millions of people in the predominantly mixed crop-livestock farming systems. The cereal leafminer, Syringopais temperatella (Lepidoptera, Scythrididae) is a major biotic constraint to wheat and barley production in Jordan and the region. Three variables of yield components were used to quantify the loss of wheat and barley including the grain yield, straw dry mass and leaf area consumed. Forty-two (in the field experiment) and one hundred eighteen (in the laboratory experiment) accessions of wheat and barley were used to access the average damage; representing different levels of susceptibility to S. temperatella. Equations of three negative correlations of percentage of infestation versus both grain yield and straw dry mass, and the number of larvae versus the straw dry mass were produced. Results indicated that the average grain yield reduction for both crops due to pest infestation was estimated at 36.1% for wheat and 50% for bar...
The cereal leafminer, Syringopais temperatella (Lederer, 1855) is a major pest of wheat and barle... more The cereal leafminer, Syringopais temperatella (Lederer, 1855) is a major pest of wheat and barley leading to a sharp decline in their production. Identifica...
Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated ... more Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated soils, waste and industrial-byproducts contaminated soils, and animal byproducts-contaminated soils). The bacterium was highly abundant in soils contaminated with animal byproducts. Eight serotypes with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis being the most common. Out of the twenty-six isolated strains, five strains (serotype: kenyae, kurstaki, kurstaki HD1 and thuringiensis) that produced bipyramid crystal proteins were toxic to the lepidoptera larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The SDS-PAGE protein profile analysis showed a relationship between the crystal protein shape and the toxicity to the larvae of the tested insect.
Iraqi journal of agricultural science, Jan 25, 2024
This study was conducted to determine the genetic variability among maize inbred lines grown in I... more This study was conducted to determine the genetic variability among maize inbred lines grown in Iraq by using Simple Sequence Recurrent (SSR) markers. For estimating the genetic relationships, 10 SSR primers were used with 10 maize inbred lines. Two hundred and sixteen alleles (bands) with a range of 13 to 41 were identified for the SSR loci. Polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 10 SSR loci ranged from 0.60% to 100%. Primers 'umc1566', 'umc1542', and 'umc2189' showed the maximum PIC value; by contrast, 'umc2225'showed the lowest PIC value. The 10 maize inbreds were clustered based on the matrix of genetic similarity using the UPGMA algorithm. Cluster analysis placed the inbreds lines in three clusters based on SSR data. The studied inbreds lines divided to groups and subgroups with cluster analysis that revealed agreement with their geographical origin. The results indicated that SSR marker has a high degree of polymorphism that allows efficient identification of maize genotypes, and this could be used in determining their heterotic groups.
Effects of temperature (500, 600 and 700°C) and time (30, 75 and 120 min) on the thermal regenera... more Effects of temperature (500, 600 and 700°C) and time (30, 75 and 120 min) on the thermal regeneration of spent bleaching earth were investigated. Regenerated samples were used to adsorb the methylene blue from the aqueous solution. Experiment carried out at pH=5.6, temperature=25°C, initial concentration of methylene blue=4 ppm and mixing time=60 min. During the experiments, the pH of the solutions was fixed using the potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer and concentration of methylene blue was measured using the spectrophotometer at 657 nm. The maximum observed removal was found 97.05 %. The optimum temperature and time were found 587°C and 78 min, respectively. The optimum removal was found 97.38% at optimum conditions while virgin bleaching earth revealed the removal of 89.89%. According to perturbation diagram, both temperature and time have a peak at the middle of the ranges.
Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated ... more Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated soils, waste and industrial-byproducts contaminated soils, and animal byproducts-contaminated soils). The bacterium was highly abundant in soils contaminated with animal byproducts. Eight serotypes with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis being the most common. Out of the twenty-six isolated strains, five strains (serotype: kenyae, kurstaki, kurstaki HD1 and thuringiensis) that produced bipyramid crystal proteins were toxic to the lepidoptera larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The SDS-PAGE protein profile analysis showed a relationship between the crystal protein shape and the toxicity to the larvae of the tested insect.
Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated ... more Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated soils, waste and industrial-byproducts contaminated soils, and animal byproducts-contaminated soils). The bacterium was highly abundant in soils contaminated with animal byproducts. Eight serotypes with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis being the most common. Out of the twenty-six isolated strains, five strains (serotype: kenyae, kurstaki, kurstaki HD1 and thuringiensis) that produced bipyramid crystal proteins were toxic to the lepidoptera larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The SDS-PAGE protein profile analysis showed a relationship between the crystal protein shape and the toxicity to the larvae of the tested insect.
Traditionally, in vitro production of wheat haploids requires a two-step procedure: induction of ... more Traditionally, in vitro production of wheat haploids requires a two-step procedure: induction of pollen callus and plantlet regeneration. Sometimes, a third step is required to promote the initiation and growth of roots following shoot regeneration. To be a practical tool in breeding programs, anther culture technique must be simple, efficient, and reliable. Although much progress has been made in wheat anther culture, problems still remain. (1) It is difficult to maintain a constant supply of anthers. (2) The frequency of regeneration is low and appears to depend on genotype. (3) Some regenerated plants are albinos or aneuploids. (4) Techniques of chromosome doubling need improvement.
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a nutritious vegetable that grown all over the world. It is a p... more Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a nutritious vegetable that grown all over the world. It is a promising herbal plant, rich in bioactive components. It is considered as medicinal plant due to its nutritional and phytochemical composition, especially high proportion of phenolic compounds. The primary aim of this study was to achieve chemical profile analyses of artichoke for different phytochemcials, especially Scolymoside and Cynaroside. Methanolic crude was extracted from Artichoke leaves by rotary evaporator and separated by column chromatography. The fractions monitored by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and identified in High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Two important compounds, Scolymoside and Cynaroside were separated and identified. In overall, Artichoke could be regarded as a rich source of biologically active compounds and considered as bio-functional with putative antioxidant effects.
Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) represent a potentially novel non-toxic alternative to conventio... more Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) represent a potentially novel non-toxic alternative to conventional cancer therapy towardmany cancers particularly breast cancer.This study was conducted to detect the cytotoxic activity of T. officinale whole plant ethanolic extract on human breast cancer(MCF-7) cells in vitro compared to human hepatic (WRL-68) cells using MTT assay.Graphed 6 prism program including non-linear regression with one –way ANOVA followed by Dennett’s multiple comparisontest to obtain data represent the mean+ SD.The results revealed high toxicity of the extract against MCF-7 cells with IC50 (190.5 μg.ml-1) and showed high-reducedactivity toward WRL-68 cells with high IC50 value while the lowest viability (21.57±5.322) appeared in MCF-7 cells undertreatment with 400 μg.ml-1 compared with high viability in WRL-68 cells.The study concluded that T. officinale extract has a valuable source of anticancer drugs with safe and selective activity oncancer cells in comparison to hum...
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacterial poisoning and spread widely in Iraq. In this ... more Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacterial poisoning and spread widely in Iraq. In this study vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) were isolated from wounds, skin, and nose of human. The isolates were identified by using biochemical tests.Sixty one (72.6%) isolates were identified as S.aureus, followed by CoNS 23 (27.3%) from 250 sample collected. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion ,the results of the susceptibility test indicated that 59 S. aureus isolates have different levels of resistance to antibiotics.In this study tow methods were used to identify resistant and intermediate resistance to vancomycin: which were Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and automated system Vitek2 method. Results of Disk diffusion method indicated that (19.6%) isolates were resistant to vancomycin.The results of Vitek2 resistant test for 20 isolates indicated that 9(45%) isolates were resistant to vancomycin, with MIC value of (32 μg / ml); 3(15%) isolates showed intermediate resistant to vancomycin, with MIC value of (4 μg / ml),8(40%) isolates showed sensitive to vancomycin with MIC value of (≤0.5-2 μg / ml).Population analysis profile (PAP) method was uesd to detect Heteroresistant Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus for the 10 isolates. The results showed that 9 (90%) isolates of S.aureus were resistant to vancomycin , while 1(10%) isolate was sensitive.
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of coagulase positive staphylococcus (CPS) ... more This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of coagulase positive staphylococcus (CPS) in Jordan and to investigate the presence of genes encoding exfoliative toxins (eta, etb), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst). Seven hundred and fifty three samples were used including 273 obtained from human sources and 480 from animals (sheep, cows, and goats). One hundred and sixty seven isolates were identified as CPS and appeared as gram positive cocci, non-motile, produced coagulase, catalase, reduce tellurite, were resistant to acriflavin, unable to produce oxidase and amylase. The prevalence of CPS colonizing human was 115(42.1%) with 26.0% in nasal and 16.0% in nails. Livestock-associated CPS was detected in 52(10.8%) of the samples. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification revealed eta to be the most common toxin gene detected in 36.5 and 28.8%, followed by tst in 25.2 and 5.76% of human and animal isolates, respectively. The possession of various gene combinations was...
The artichoke (Cynara scolymus) belongs to Asteraceae family. It is included in British and Europ... more The artichoke (Cynara scolymus) belongs to Asteraceae family. It is included in British and European Pharmacopeia and has long-used in traditional medicine in several countries. The plant primarily grows in North Africa and Mediterranean; in addition, it is cultivated around the world. Artichoke is wildly distributed in Iraq at the watery lines and boundary of the field. The aim of study was to induce callus from leaves as explants, and to compare between contents of total phenolic and total flavonoids that extracted from the induced callus and from leaves. The induced callus was maintained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Benzyl Adenine (BA). The highest percentage of callus (100%) was induced from the combination (5mg/l NAA plus 2 mg/l BA), followed by (86.67%) with the combination (3mg/l NAA plus 1mg/l BA). Two types of callus (friable and compact) were induced. The extract of friable callus produced 0.858 mg/g of total phenolic, while leaves extract produced 167.24 µg/ mg of total flavonoids. Auxins and cytokinins that added together in the culture medium seemed to be necessary for artichoke tissue culture.
Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) is a herbal medicinal plant, which suffers from wide limitations... more Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) is a herbal medicinal plant, which suffers from wide limitations when cultivated in the soil, including environmental limitations as well as the low rate of seed germination. The study involved using different explants (leaves, petioles and roots) of T. officinale from two sources, locally collected wild plants from Iraq and plants from in vitro germinated seeds. That cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators (NAA, BAP, IAA and BA) with registering the obtained response and periods taken until a response to establish a rapid and efficient protocol for in vitro micropropagation of the plant. The study results elucidated the ability for in vitro micropropagation of T. officinale plant in two ways; through direct and indirect organogenesis. The explants of in vitro germinated plants origin are a better source of explants than wild plants origin; moreover, the petioles are...
Plantlets derived from in vitro culture might exhibit somoclonal variation which is often heritab... more Plantlets derived from in vitro culture might exhibit somoclonal variation which is often heritable, and molecular variations may be generated in vitro. Since the direction of most studies is toward nuclear genome, there is a little known about the DNA of organelles. This study was conducted to test the genetic stability of wheat organelles genomes for plantlets produced by anther culture using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. One of the intergenic regions of cpDNA and one of mtDNA introns were amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were then sequenced and digested with four restriction endonucleases (EcoR1, BamH1, NdeI and Sac1). The amplified product from cpDNA was 1000 bp in size, and digested only with NdeI into two bands with 650 and 350 bp. The amplified product from mtDNA was 1550 bp in size, and digested only with Sac1 into two bands with 1220 and 330 bp. The results obtained showed that no noticeable difference can be detected between doubled haploid plantlets and parental plants at the level of ctDNA and mtDNA organization. It can be concluded that in vitro culture by itself does not systematically generate a cytoplasmic variation in plant cells.
Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated ... more Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated soils, waste and industrial-byproducts contaminated soils, and animal byproducts-contaminated soils). The bacterium was highly abundant in soils contaminated with animal byproducts. Eight serotypes with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis being the most common. Out of the twenty-six isolated strains, five strains (serotype: kenyae, kurstaki, kurstaki HD1 and thuringiensis) that produced bipyramid crystal proteins were toxic to the lepidoptera larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The SDS-PAGE protein profile analysis showed a relationship between the crystal protein shape and the toxicity to the larvae of the tested insect.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting autosomal recessive disorder with highly variable clinica... more Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting autosomal recessive disorder with highly variable clinical presentation, characterized by mutation of the CFTR gene located on chromosome 7, which encodes for an important component in the coordination of electrolytes movement across epithelial cell membranes. The CFTR gene has numerous mutations (> 1000) and polymorphism (>200). The frequency of certain mutation can vary among different geographic and ethnic groups. To evaluate the present mutations detection system for CF and to identify the most common mutations among CF Jordanian patients, forty two unrelated Jordanian cystic fibrosis patients (males and females) were screened for the mutation in exons (2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16, 19, 20 and 21) and introns (5, 12, 14b, 17a) using the 36 common Caucasian mutations of commercial INNO-LiPA 17Tn update and INNO-LiPA19 diagnostic kits. Conventional PCR technique was use to detect whole deletion in exon 2 and exons 17 – 18 study groups...
Wheat and barley are the principal food crops for millions of people in the predominantly mixed c... more Wheat and barley are the principal food crops for millions of people in the predominantly mixed crop-livestock farming systems. The cereal leafminer, Syringopais temperatella (Lepidoptera, Scythrididae) is a major biotic constraint to wheat and barley production in Jordan and the region. Three variables of yield components were used to quantify the loss of wheat and barley including the grain yield, straw dry mass and leaf area consumed. Forty-two (in the field experiment) and one hundred eighteen (in the laboratory experiment) accessions of wheat and barley were used to access the average damage; representing different levels of susceptibility to S. temperatella. Equations of three negative correlations of percentage of infestation versus both grain yield and straw dry mass, and the number of larvae versus the straw dry mass were produced. Results indicated that the average grain yield reduction for both crops due to pest infestation was estimated at 36.1% for wheat and 50% for bar...
The cereal leafminer, Syringopais temperatella (Lederer, 1855) is a major pest of wheat and barle... more The cereal leafminer, Syringopais temperatella (Lederer, 1855) is a major pest of wheat and barley leading to a sharp decline in their production. Identifica...
Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated ... more Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in four different habitats (grain dust, olive-cultivated soils, waste and industrial-byproducts contaminated soils, and animal byproducts-contaminated soils). The bacterium was highly abundant in soils contaminated with animal byproducts. Eight serotypes with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis being the most common. Out of the twenty-six isolated strains, five strains (serotype: kenyae, kurstaki, kurstaki HD1 and thuringiensis) that produced bipyramid crystal proteins were toxic to the lepidoptera larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The SDS-PAGE protein profile analysis showed a relationship between the crystal protein shape and the toxicity to the larvae of the tested insect.
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