Standard precautions pertain to the minimum standards of infection prevention practices that appl... more Standard precautions pertain to the minimum standards of infection prevention practices that apply to patient care, regardless of confirmed or suspected infection status among patients in any setting where medical care is given. These practice guidelines not only help to minimize the spread of infection among patients but also help to avoid healthcare workers from contracting infections when caring for patients. Nursing students are equally at risk to exposure to infections during their clinical attachments in the healthcare setting. Hence, this study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and compliance toward standard precautions among undergraduate nursing students in Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS). It also aims to identify the associations between knowledge, attitude, and compliance toward standard precautions among UNIMAS nursing students. Data was collected from a total of 167 participants using a self-administered questionnaire which was disseminated online vi...
Additional file 2: Table S1. Forward translation and backward translation of the validated questi... more Additional file 2: Table S1. Forward translation and backward translation of the validated questionnaire. This data describes the forward translation from the original English version to the finalized Malay language version (after the reconciliation stage where the two authors who translated it independently had discussed, resolved any discrepancy and reached a consensus) as well as the backward translation from the translated Malay language version back to the English version by another independent translator.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Path Diagram with values in the outer model representing factor loa... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. Path Diagram with values in the outer model representing factor loadings, values within the factors representing composite reliability and values in the inner model representing path coefficients.
Background In conjunction with an automated external defibrillator (AED) placement program at var... more Background In conjunction with an automated external defibrillator (AED) placement program at various locations within a public university in Malaysia, a series of structured training programs were conducted. The objectives of this study is to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a structured training program in improving the perception of the importance of AED and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), (2) evaluate the confidence of the employees in using an AED and performing bystander CPR, (3) identify the fears and concerns of these employees in using AED and performing CPR, and (4) determine the perception of these employees towards the strategy of the AEDs placed at various locations within the university. Methods In this single-center observational study, a validated questionnaire aimed to assess the university employees’ attitude and confidence in handling AED and performing CPR before (pre-test) and immediately after (post-test) the training program was conducted. Results A tota...
Objectives: The paper describes the development and translation of a questionnaire purported to m... more Objectives: The paper describes the development and translation of a questionnaire purported to measure (1) the perception of the placement strategy of automated external defibrillator, (2) the perception on the importance of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator (3) the perception on the confidence and willingness to apply these two lifesaving interventions as well as (4) the fears and concerns in applying these two interventions. For construct validation, iterative runs of exploratory factor analysis was performed using principal axis factoring and promax oblique rotation. Results Five factors with eigenvalue >1 were identified. Pattern matrix analysis showed that all items were loaded into the factors with pattern coefficient value >0.4. One item was subsequently removed as Cronbach’s alpha >0.9 which indicates redundancy. After removing the item, the Cronbach’s alpha values of all factors were still good, ranging from 0.8 to 0.9. I...
Background: In conjunction with an automated external defibrillator (AED) placement program at va... more Background: In conjunction with an automated external defibrillator (AED) placement program at various locations within a public university in Malaysia, a series of structured training programs were conducted. The objectives of this study is to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a structured training program in improving the perception of the importance of AED and CPR (2) evaluate the confidence of the employees in using an AED and performing bystander CPR (3) identify the fears and concerns of these employees in using AED and performing CPR (4) determine the perception of these employees towards the strategy of the AEDs placed at various locations within the university. Methods: In this single center observational study, a validated questionnaire aimed to assess the university employees' attitude and confidence in handling AED and performing CPR before (pre-test) and immediately after (post-test) the training program was conducted. Results: A total of 184 participants participat...
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine
Ointments are semisolid dosage form which usually act as visco-elastic materials when shear stres... more Ointments are semisolid dosage form which usually act as visco-elastic materials when shear stress is applied. They generally contain medicinal ingredients and are used to be applied externally to the body for therapeutic effect. Many therapeutic agents used for topical application to intact or broken skin or to mucous membranes are presented in the form of semisolid consistency variously designated as ointments, creams, pastes etc. It is used mainly as protective or emollient for the skin. The first step towards the goal is screening of plants used in popular medicine. Along with other dosage forms, herbal drugs also used in the form of ointment.
Additional file 3: Table S2. Criteria for AED placement strategy and the items that measure these... more Additional file 3: Table S2. Criteria for AED placement strategy and the items that measure these criteria.
Standard precautions pertain to the minimum standards of infection prevention practices that appl... more Standard precautions pertain to the minimum standards of infection prevention practices that apply to patient care, regardless of confirmed or suspected infection status among patients in any setting where medical care is given. These practice guidelines not only help to minimize the spread of infection among patients but also help to avoid healthcare workers from contracting infections when caring for patients. Nursing students are equally at risk to exposure to infections during their clinical attachments in the healthcare setting. Hence, this study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and compliance toward standard precautions among undergraduate nursing students in Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS). It also aims to identify the associations between knowledge, attitude, and compliance toward standard precautions among UNIMAS nursing students. Data was collected from a total of 167 participants using a self-administered questionnaire which was disseminated online vi...
Additional file 2: Table S1. Forward translation and backward translation of the validated questi... more Additional file 2: Table S1. Forward translation and backward translation of the validated questionnaire. This data describes the forward translation from the original English version to the finalized Malay language version (after the reconciliation stage where the two authors who translated it independently had discussed, resolved any discrepancy and reached a consensus) as well as the backward translation from the translated Malay language version back to the English version by another independent translator.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Path Diagram with values in the outer model representing factor loa... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. Path Diagram with values in the outer model representing factor loadings, values within the factors representing composite reliability and values in the inner model representing path coefficients.
Background In conjunction with an automated external defibrillator (AED) placement program at var... more Background In conjunction with an automated external defibrillator (AED) placement program at various locations within a public university in Malaysia, a series of structured training programs were conducted. The objectives of this study is to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a structured training program in improving the perception of the importance of AED and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), (2) evaluate the confidence of the employees in using an AED and performing bystander CPR, (3) identify the fears and concerns of these employees in using AED and performing CPR, and (4) determine the perception of these employees towards the strategy of the AEDs placed at various locations within the university. Methods In this single-center observational study, a validated questionnaire aimed to assess the university employees’ attitude and confidence in handling AED and performing CPR before (pre-test) and immediately after (post-test) the training program was conducted. Results A tota...
Objectives: The paper describes the development and translation of a questionnaire purported to m... more Objectives: The paper describes the development and translation of a questionnaire purported to measure (1) the perception of the placement strategy of automated external defibrillator, (2) the perception on the importance of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator (3) the perception on the confidence and willingness to apply these two lifesaving interventions as well as (4) the fears and concerns in applying these two interventions. For construct validation, iterative runs of exploratory factor analysis was performed using principal axis factoring and promax oblique rotation. Results Five factors with eigenvalue >1 were identified. Pattern matrix analysis showed that all items were loaded into the factors with pattern coefficient value >0.4. One item was subsequently removed as Cronbach’s alpha >0.9 which indicates redundancy. After removing the item, the Cronbach’s alpha values of all factors were still good, ranging from 0.8 to 0.9. I...
Background: In conjunction with an automated external defibrillator (AED) placement program at va... more Background: In conjunction with an automated external defibrillator (AED) placement program at various locations within a public university in Malaysia, a series of structured training programs were conducted. The objectives of this study is to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a structured training program in improving the perception of the importance of AED and CPR (2) evaluate the confidence of the employees in using an AED and performing bystander CPR (3) identify the fears and concerns of these employees in using AED and performing CPR (4) determine the perception of these employees towards the strategy of the AEDs placed at various locations within the university. Methods: In this single center observational study, a validated questionnaire aimed to assess the university employees' attitude and confidence in handling AED and performing CPR before (pre-test) and immediately after (post-test) the training program was conducted. Results: A total of 184 participants participat...
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine
Ointments are semisolid dosage form which usually act as visco-elastic materials when shear stres... more Ointments are semisolid dosage form which usually act as visco-elastic materials when shear stress is applied. They generally contain medicinal ingredients and are used to be applied externally to the body for therapeutic effect. Many therapeutic agents used for topical application to intact or broken skin or to mucous membranes are presented in the form of semisolid consistency variously designated as ointments, creams, pastes etc. It is used mainly as protective or emollient for the skin. The first step towards the goal is screening of plants used in popular medicine. Along with other dosage forms, herbal drugs also used in the form of ointment.
Additional file 3: Table S2. Criteria for AED placement strategy and the items that measure these... more Additional file 3: Table S2. Criteria for AED placement strategy and the items that measure these criteria.
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