The effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems in relation to human health. Aquatic Sciences... more The effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems in relation to human health. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, Advance online publication.
Water is a dynamic resource varying in quantity and quality across temporal and spatial scales. G... more Water is a dynamic resource varying in quantity and quality across temporal and spatial scales. Global change drivers such as population growth, land-use change, environmental pollution, and climate change affect the availability of water resources. Alterations to the hydrologic cycle put pressure on water resources, causing fluctuations in water levels and quality. Climate change also threatens the health of hundreds of millions of people in the world. It is estimated that 2.2 billion people currently do not have access to safely managed drinking water, and 4.2 billion are without safely managed sanitation. Along with that, there is a strong and consistent association between climate change and water scarcity. Modeling studies adopting the “what-if-then” approach can reveal opportunities to address the effects of potential stressors to water resources and enable the development of efficient management strategies. In addition to climate change, human activities also have direct effects on water resources, threatening ecosystem and human health. Thus, water quality models are common tools to predict and simulate the fate and transportation of certain pollutants and recent literature is growing to reveal the current and predicted effects of human activities on water resources. This special issue aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on changes in water quality and quantity affecting ecosystem and human health adopting global perspective concepts of climate change, modeling, and ecosystem services. For this purpose, 11 valuable studies were gathered together for the special issue. The majority of the selected papers are focused on water and wastewater treatment systems. Whereas, the adaptation to nature was found as the most important criterion for public expectations for water treatment plants (Yildiz et al. 2020), daily wastewater amount, number of wastewater treatment plants, and capacities were some of the efficiency score parameters for metropolitan municipalities as a decision-making unit (Ayyildiz et al. 2020). Altin et al. (2020) surveyed smallscale treatment plant companies and results revealed that, due to the low capital and operational costs and high treatment performance these systems are considered as successful plants by their employees. Abdelhay and Abunaser (2020) aimed to carry out performance-based predictions for a small-scale constructed wetland system treating greywaters and the authors proposed this system as a cost-effective technology. Since the use of plant-based biomaterials has gained attraction in water/wastewater treatment systems studies, Ayat et al. (2021) and Darama et al. (2020) demonstrated the application of bio-based materials (cactus powder and walnut shell, respectively) in the treatment units and the results showed high efficiency. Determination of water quality is a major area of interest when considering the public and ecosystem health. Ozbayram et al. (2020) conducted a study in two different freshwater sources and the results revealed that whereas the deep lake study site was found at a mesophilic status, the shallow lake had hypertrophic characteristics, and these difference can be related to many factors including dilution potentials, connected streams, and nutrient inputs. The studies carried out by Köker et al. (2020) and (Çamur et al. 2020) evaluated heavy metal levels in marine fishes and the whole-blood of the fishermen, in which high levels of heavy metals were detected. Another study evaluated the suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes (Aggarwal et al. 2020), and results highlighted that for the study area special attention should be paid to Mg during groundwater usage. * E. Gozde Ozbayram [email protected]
Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 2018
Objective: Although pesticides are mostly used on the agricultural grounds, non-agricultural pest... more Objective: Although pesticides are mostly used on the agricultural grounds, non-agricultural pesticide applications are important for health implications since they can cause individuals. Pesticides are used widely by municipalities in Turkey in order to combat undesirable organisms in public spaces. This study was aimed to get information from authorized people in the municipality about pesticide applications across Turkey and to assess their knowledge of pesticides. Methods: This is a descriptive study. Data were collected in 431 municipalities by supervised self administered questionnaire in June and July 2015 (89,6% participation). A structured questionnaire prepared by researchers and consists of 37 questions was used as a data collection tool. The people who interviewed are made up of persons who authorized for the pesticides of those municipalities. They were informed about the study and verbal approvals received from them. Results: 41.3% of respondents stated that pesticides are not their main responsibility, and 61.8% of them didn't receive any training on pesticides. Additionally, 75.2% of participants reported that pesticide application was performed by municipal satff, while 60.1% of municipalities had no manager in charge of applications.
(SOZLU BILDIRI BAŞVURUSU) Giris ve Amac: Bu calisma canlikiran uygulama isinde calisanlarin calis... more (SOZLU BILDIRI BAŞVURUSU) Giris ve Amac: Bu calisma canlikiran uygulama isinde calisanlarin calisma ozellikleri, ise iliskin uygulamalari ve canlikiranlarla iliskili olabilecek saglik yakinmalarinin bulunma durumunu degerlendirmek amaciyla yapilmistir. Gerec ve Yontem: Tanimlayici tipte bir calismadir. Altmis uc ilde, belediyelerde canlikiran uygulama isi yapan 1344 kisiye calisma ozellikleri, isle ilgili uygulamalari ve canlikiranlarla iliskili olabilecek saglik yakinmalarini saptamaya yonelik 50 sorudan olusan anket formu gozlem altinda uygulanmistir. Verilerin analizinde kikare testi ve lojistik regresyon analizi kullanilmistir. Bulgular: Katilimcilarin tamami erkek, yas ortalamasi 37,2±8,8 yas olup %43,8’i ilkokul mezunudur. Belediyelerde canlikiran uygulama isi yapanlarin %12,0’si belediye calisani iken, %88,0’i ozel firma calisani olup belediye icin ilaclama yapmaktadir. Belediye calisani olanlarin da yarisinin asil isi bu degildir. Katilimcilarin %63,0’u 1-5 yildir bu isi yapmaktadir. Grubun %85,1’i daha once ilaclama ile ilgili bir egitim almitir. Daha once egitim alsin ya da almasin %83,7’si bu konuda egitim almak istemektedir. Grubun %92,3’u ilaclama sirasinda firma tarafindan kendisine verilen kiyafeti giymekte; %9,8’i ilaclama sonrasi uzerindeki kiyafetle gunluk yasantisina devam etmekte; %40,4’u her uygulamadan sonra uzerindeki kiyafeti yikatmaktadir. Grubun %70,1’i canlikiran uygulamasi sirasinda giydigi kiyafeti “evde”, bunlarin da %79,0’i “evdeki diger camasirlarla birlikte” yikatmaktadir. Katilimcilarin %90,0’dan fazlasi uygulama sirasinda bir sey yiyip icmemekte; %9,1’i ilaclama sirasinda ruzgar altinda kalmakta; %5,0’i yemek molasinda eldivenlerini ve %52,9’u kiyafetlerini cikarmamaktadir. Yaklasik yarisinin isyerinde dus alma olanagi bulunmaktadir. Her uygulama sonrasi dus alanlar grubun %83,9’udur. Kisisel koruyucu malzeme verilenler arasinda bunlarin kullanilma sikliklari; gozluk %87,0, maske %88,0, lastik cizme %90,0, sapka %91,0, eldiven %91,0, uzun kollu gomlek %91,0, uzun pantolon %92,0 tulum %95,0, mont %100,0’dir. Malzemelerin %90,0’in uzerinde kullanilabilir oldugu ifade edilmistir. Kisisel koruyucu malzemelerden “Şapka ve gozluk ve maske ve eldiven ve lastik cizme ve uzun kollu gomlek ya da monttan birisi ve uzun pantolon ya da tulumdan birisini” hep birlikte kullananlar “kisisel koruyucu malzemeleri tam kullanan” olarak tanimlanmistir. “Ilaclama sirasinda tulum giyme veya Ilaclama sirasinda giydigi gomlegin dugmelerini kapatma ve Ilaclama sirasinda giydigi gomlegi pantolon icine koyma; Ilaclama sirasinda eldiven, bot ve sapka kullanma; Eldivenleri elinden cikarmadan once yikama; Ilaclama sirasinda ruzgarin esme yonune dikkat etme” uygulamalarinin hepsini yapanlar “ilaclamada dogru uygulama yapan” olarak tanimlanmistir. Ilaclamada dogru uygulama yapanlar katilimcilarin %44,3’udur. Ozel firma calisanlari belediye calisanlarina gore canlikiran uygulamasi konusunda daha fazla “egitim almistir”; “kisisel koruyuculari tam kullanmaktadir” ve “ilaclamada dogru uygulama yapmaktadir” (p<0,05). Ilaclama konusunda egitim alanlar almayanlara gore daha fazla tam kisisel koruyucu kullanmakta, ilaclamada dogru uygulama yapmakta, her ilaclama sonrasi evde dus almakta, kiyafetleri her gun yikatmaktadir; daha az olarak ilaclama kiyafetleriyle yasantiya devam etmekte ve kiyafetleri evde yikatmaktadir (p<0,05). Katilimcilarin %25,3’unde canlikiranlarla iliskili olabilecek en az bir saglik yakinmasi bulunmaktadir. En fazla ifade edilen saglik yakinmalari yorgunluk (%10,9), basagrisi, gozde kizariklik ve sulanma, oksuruktur. Deri ve goz bulgulari en cok rahatsiz eden yakinmalardir. Yapilan lojistik regresyon analizinde gunluk toplam calisma suresi 6 saatten az olanlar (OR=3,22) ve canlikiranlarla ilgili egitim alanlar (OR=4,89) daha fazla; calisma suresi 1 yili asanlar ve halen sigara icenler (OR=0,62) daha az “dogru uygulama” yapmaktadir (p<0,05). Dogru uygulama yapmayanlarda (OR=2,43), calisma suresi 5 yili asanlarda (OR=1,74), alkol icmis birakmis/halen icenlerde (OR=2,12/OR=2,01), gunluk calisma suresi 6 saati asanlarda (OR=3,22) ve kisisel koruyucu malzemeleri tam kullanmayanlarda (OR=3,30 ) saglik yakinmasi gorulme sikligi daha fazladir (p<0,05). Sonuc ve Oneriler: Canlikiran uygulama isinde calisanlarin tamami ilaclama ile ilgili egitim almalidir. Tum calisanlara uygun kisisel koruyucu malzeme temin edilmesi ve dogru olarak kullanilmasi saglanmalidir. Ilaclama isi yapanlarin isyerinde dus almasi ve uygulama sirasinda giyilen kiyafetlerin isyerinde yikanmasi icin gerekli duzenlemeler yapilmalidir. Canlikiran hazirlama ve uygulama isinde calisanlarin duzenli saglik kontrolleri yapilmalidir. Uygulama sirasindaki davranislarin gozleme dayali olarak degerlendirildigi; egitim alanlarin davranis degisikligini, bu degisikligin surekliligini degerlendirecek arastirmalar yapilmalidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belediye, pestisit, canlikiran uygulayicisi, saglik yakinmasi Yazarlarin bu calisma ile ilgisi…
Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 2020
Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors on water... more Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors on water consumption of students studying in some faculties of Health Sciences University. Methods: This is a descriptive study. Total of 938 students studying in some faculties of the Health Sciences University were reached in May and June 2019 (participation rate 95.0%). The data were collected under observation using the questionnaire created by the researchers. Results: 51.5% of the students heard the concept of "water footprint" before. The most of the sources they follow the news about the environment are internet (80.1%) and the social media (77.8%). The shower time of 54.4% of the students is 16-30 minutes, and 18.0% do not pay attention to how much water they spend in daily life. The most reason given by those who pay attention "water resources are limited and one day will be over, so I do not waste water" (66.8%). To the proposition "Increasing industrialization leads to a decrease in usable water resources" 93.5% of the whole group, to the proposition "agricultural practices pollute water resources" 61.7% of the whole group were responded correctly. 73.7% of ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışma, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi'nin bazı fakültelerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin su tüketimi konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı tiptedir. 2019 yılı Mayıs ve Haziran aylarında Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi'nin bazı fakültelerinde öğrenim gören toplam 938 öğrenciye ulaşılmıştır (katılım oranı %95,0). Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan anket formu kullanılarak gözlem altında toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %51,5'i "su ayak izi" kavramını daha önce duymuştur. Çevre ile ilgili haberleri en fazla takip ettikleri kaynaklar internet (%80,1) ve sosyal medya olmuştur. (%77,8). Öğrencilerin %54,4'ünün duş alma süresi 16-30 dakika olup, %18,0'ı günlük yaşamda ne kadar su harcadığına dikkat etmemektedir. Buna dikkat edenlerin en fazla söylediği gerekçe "su kaynakları sınırlı ve bir gün bitecek, o nedenle su savurganlığı yapmam" olmuştur (%66,8). "Sanayileşmenin artması kullanılabilir su kaynaklarının azalmasına yol açar" önermesine tüm grubun %93,5'i, "tarımsal uygulamalar su kaynaklarını kirletir" önermesine tüm grubun %61,7'si doğru yanıt vermiştir.
An increase in enviromental pollution may lead to mercury toxicity of fish origin due to the accu... more An increase in enviromental pollution may lead to mercury toxicity of fish origin due to the accumulative nature of methylmercury in fish. The main sources of human exposure to organic mercury compounds are contaminated fish and other seafoods. This descriptive study was planned to determine mercury levels in anchovy and in hair samples from individuals with different fish consumption habits, and to evaluate those individuals in terms of toxic effects. For that purpose, we analyzed 100 anchovies from the Black Sea and 100 anchovies from the Sea of Marmara, and assessed 25 wholesale workers in fish markets and 25 cleaning firm employees from both Ankara and Istanbul. Mercury levels in samples were measured using a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Participants were examined neurologically and mini mental state examination was applied to evaluate their cognitive functions. Mercury levels in fish were found to be below the national and international permitted levels. Ther...
Bu calisma canlikiran uygulama isi yapanlarin calisma ozellikleri, uygulamalari ve canlikiranlarl... more Bu calisma canlikiran uygulama isi yapanlarin calisma ozellikleri, uygulamalari ve canlikiranlarla iliskili saglik yakinmalarinin bulunma durumunu degerlendirmek amaciyla yapilmistir. Altmis uc ilde belediyelerde pestisit uygulama isi yapan 1344 kisiye anket uygulanmistir. Katilimcilarin tamami erkek, yas ortalamasi 37,2 8,8 olup %88,0 i ozel firma, %6,2 si belediye calisanidir. Isle ilgili egitim alanlar grubun %85,1 idir. Katilimcilarin %40,4 u her uygulamadan sonra uzerindeki kiyafeti yikatmakta, %9,8 i uzerindeki kiyafetle gunluk yasantisina devam etmektedir. Yuzde 70,1 i canlikiran uygulamasi sirasinda giydigi kiyafeti evde, %79,0 i evde diger camasirlarla birlikte yikatmaktadir. Katilimcilarin %90,0 indan fazlasi uygulama sirasinda bir sey yiyip icmemektedir. Yaklasik yarisinin isyerinde dus alma olanagi bulunmaktadir. Her uygulama sonrasi dus alanlarin yuzdesi %92,6 dir. Kisisel koruyucu malzemelerin kullanilma sikliklari; gozluk %87,0, maske %88,0, lastik cizme %90,0, sapka
Selected heavy metal-trace element (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, and V) levels were de... more Selected heavy metal-trace element (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, and V) levels were determined by the ICP-MS method in whole-blood samples of fishermen and control group who accommodate in four provinces of the Marmara Sea. Mercury (1.267 ± 1.061 µg/L to 0.796 ± 0.853 µg/L) and lead (17.8 ± 9.0 µg/L to 12.0 ± 6.83 µg/L) levels were higher in the fishermen group than that of control group (p < 0.001 for both). There was no difference between the fishermen group and the control group in terms of whole-blood levels of other elements. Total monthly fish consumption was 9340.4 gr in the fishermen group and 326.4 gr in the control group, and the difference between the groups was significant (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the groups in terms of having amalgam dental filling (p > 0.05). The results suggest that consuming high amounts of sea products caught from the Marmara Sea is a source for some heavy metals such as mercury and lead, which poses a public health risk. Unlike the control group, the positive correlation between arsenic, copper, and strontium levels and age in fishermen can also be evaluated as an indicator of chronic exposure.
Rapid industrialization and excessive human population growth may cause deterioration in marine w... more Rapid industrialization and excessive human population growth may cause deterioration in marine water quality and biodiversity. Heavy metals are one of the most common pollutants in the seas and marine organisms, including demersal and pelagic fish, can accumulate them from the environment. Assessment of the ecological risk of heavy metals from fish has an important role in public health. In this study, some heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Hg, Cu, Zn, and Fe) concentrations were determined in the muscle tissues of two commonly consumed fish species, Trachurus mediterraneus (Mediterranean horse mackerel) and Merlangius merlangus (Whiting), which are the fifth (14,222 tons/year) and sixth (6814 tons/year) highest commercial catches of marine fish species in Turkey, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations of samples collected from four sites (Adalar, İzmit Bay, Yalova, and Tekirdağ) in the Marmara Sea were determined using ICP-MS. Fish samples caught at Yalova station were found to have the highest heavy metal concentrations. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in terms of the mean values, only As, and Cr were higher than permissible limits in T. mediterraneus, while Pb, Cd, As, and Cr were higher in M. merlangus. Arsenic concentrations were higher than maximum limits in both T. mediterraneus and M. merlangus. The estimated weekly intake (EWI) was calculated to assess the potential health impact. The EWI for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury for some sites was above the provisional tolerable weekly intake.
Amaç: Türkiye'de belediyelerde su yönetimi kapsamında yapılan çalışmaların ve su yönetimi konusun... more Amaç: Türkiye'de belediyelerde su yönetimi kapsamında yapılan çalışmaların ve su yönetimi konusunda çalışanların bu konudaki düşünce ve görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmada 481 belediyeden (büyükşehir, il, ilçe) 461'inde 461 çalışan ile görüşülmüştür (katılım orantısı %95,8). Veriler hazırlanan anket formu ile gözlem altında toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %42.4'ünün asıl görevi su ile ilgili olmadığı halde su yönetimiyle ilgili işlerde çalıştığı; %78.6'sının su ve yönetimi konusunda herhangi bir eğitim almadığı saptanmıştır. Belediyelerin %0.7'sinde hiç su depo temizliği yapılmamaktadır. Depo temizliği yapan personelin %59.0'ı bu konuda bir eğitim almamıştır. Katılımcıların %97.6'sı kentlerinde su dezenfeksiyonu amacıyla halen klor kullanıldığı bilgisini vermişlerdir. Ancak %88.6'sı dezenfeksiyon için suların klorlanması gerektiğini düşünmektedir. Katılımcıların %10.0'ı bina içi su yapıları ile ilgili çalışma yaptıklarını ifade etmiştir. Belediyelerin %77.3'ünde park ve bahçelerin sulanmasında şebeke suyu kullanılmaktadır. Sonuç: Belediyelerde su yönetiminin tüm aşamalarında konuyla ilgili eğitim almış kişiler görevlendirilmeli; şebeke kontrolü ve su depoları gibi en uç noktadaki uygulamalarda eğitim almış sertifikalı personel istihdamı zorunlu hale getirilmelidir.
Purpose The main goal of this study was genotyping of free-living parasites and sub-grouping of p... more Purpose The main goal of this study was genotyping of free-living parasites and sub-grouping of pathogenic or non-pathogenic amebae obtained from Turkey's thermal springs. In so doing, distribution and abundance of possible pathogenic or causative strain for humans, which are caused by Acanthamoeba and Naegleria strains, would be elaborated. The number of extensive studies on the general occurrence and distribution of parasitic strains is very high worldwide, but there has been a paucity of information with regard to Turkey. Methods From a total of 434 obtained thermal pool samples, free-living amebas were isolated from 148 water samples using the non-nutrient agar (NNA) culture method. Subsequently, the cultivated samples were used for DNA isolation; then 102 obtained DNA samples were subjected to PCR amplification using various primers for samples of genera Acanthamoeba and Naegleria. Ultimately, estimation of genotype or subtype was evaluated by sequencing. Results About 29 samples that belong to Acanthamoeba and Naegleria were estimated from a total of 102 amplified PCR samples. These eukaryotic PCR products which have Acanthamoeba genus appearance, generated 26 subtypes and 3 Naegleria samples. Among the 26 Acanthamoeba genotypes, 22 aligned sequences were matched with various GenBank reference samples, while the 4 divergent genotypes were not elaborated and marked as ND. Most of the Acanthamoeba genera were determined as likely dominating groups and clustered as T form within totally eight groups. Eight, seven and three subtypes were found as T4A, T15 and T11 genotypes, respectively while the remainings were ultimately found in four groups. Results confirming the predominance of T4A, which is known the most causative form, the presence in the pools. Despite being uncommon, N. fowleri, lovaniensis and australiensis were also observed among the surveyed pools. Conclusion The present study is descriptive and is not unique. However, this is the most comprehensive study of the molecular distribution sampling of thermophilic Acanthamoeba and Naegleria that confirmed and demonstrated their ubiquitous presence throughout Turkey. By this estimation, in some spas, the most and likely causative form Acanthamoeba including T4 and Naegleria fowleri has also been confirmed.
Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 2019
Objective: This study was carried out to learn the reasons of non-compliance of water and its sol... more Objective: This study was carried out to learn the reasons of non-compliance of water and its solution suggestions to get opinions of the health professional who contol/monitor the compliance of drinking water with the quality standards in our country. Methods: This is a descriptive study. The questionnaire form which was prepared by the researchers was used as data collection tool. The questionnaire was sent electronically to 81 Provincial Health Directorates and it was filled out by Deputy Manager of Environmental Health, Environmental Health Branch Manager and Environmental Health Branch personnel who monitor the drinking water quality. A total of 496 people were reached in 79 provinces. Results: According to the participants the first reason for microbiological non-compliance on drinking water is the problems related to water supply and distribution system (41.0%) and the most common solution is interventions in water supply and distrubition system (36.8%). Water source is the most important reason of chemical non-complıance (27.0%). As a solution, treatment system should be established and continuity should be ensured (20.2%). When the cause of low level of chlorine is considered, it is seen that ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışma ülkemizde içme-kullanma suyunun kalite standartlarına uygunluğunu izleyen/ denetleyen sağlık personelinin uygunsuzluk nedenleri ve çözüm önerileri hakkındaki görüşlerini öğrenmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tiptedir. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Anket formu 81 İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü'ne elektronik ortamda gönderilmiş, Çevre Sağlığı İşlerinden Sorumlu Müdür Yardımcısı, Çevre Sağlığı Şube Müdürü ve Çevre Sağlığı Şubesinde içme-kullanma suyu kalitesini izleyen personel tarafından doldurulmuştur. Toplam 79 ilde 496 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcılara göre içme-kullanma suyu mikrobiyolojik uygunsuzluğunun ilk sıradaki nedeni su sağlama ve dağıtım sistemine ait sorunlar (%41,9), ilk sıradaki çözüm önerisi de su sağlama ve dağıtım sistemine ait uygulamalardır (%36,8). Kimyasal uygunsuzluk nedeni olarak en fazla su kaynağının özelliği (%27,0), çözüm önerisi olarak en fazla arıtım sistemi kurulması ve sürekliliğinin sağlanmasıdır (%20 ,2). Klor yetersizliği nedeni olarak en fazla etkin klorlamanın sağlanamaması (%43,4), çözüm önerisi
Cukurova Medical Journal (Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi), 2017
Öz Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine various characteristics of municipal worke... more Öz Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine various characteristics of municipal workers engaged in nonagricultural pesticide application and factors related to proper pesticide application and pesticide-related health symptoms. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study. A supervised questionnaire was administered to 1344 pesticide applicators in 63 of the 81 provincial municipalities in Turkey that perform such procedures. Results: All the participants in the research were male. The results showed that 83.9% of pesticide applicators showered after each application, 51.6% had showering facilities in their workplaces and 40.4% washed the clothing they wore during the procedure after each application. The factor receiving most attention during application was the direction of the wind (97.2%). Rates of use of personal protective equipment were goggles 87.3%, masks 88.1%, rubber boots 90.2%, hats 90.9%, longsleeved shirts 91.1%, gloves 91.2%, long rousers 92.2%, overalls 95% and jackets 100%. The level of applicators performing correct procedures was 44.3%. The factor negatively affecting correct application was working in the field for more than 1 year, while factors with positive impacts were never smoking, working 6 hours a day or less and appropriate training. At least one health symptom possibly related to pesticides was present in 25.3% of participants. Factors affecting presence of at least one health symptom were total employment exceeding 5 years, alcohol use, incomplete use of personal protective equipment and failure to perform proper procedures. Conclusions: Despite the legal provisions concerning pesticide applicators in Turkey, incomplete and defective procedures still persist. Health symptoms may also possibly be seen as a result. Amaç: Bu çalışmada tarım dışı alanda pestisit uygulaması yapan belediye çalışanlarının pestisit uygulaması ile ilgili bazı özellikleri ile doğru pestisit uygulamaya ve pestisitlerle ilişkili sağlık yakınmalarının varlığına etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı türde bir çalışmadır.Türkiye'deki 81 il belediyesinden 63'ünde pestisit uygulaması yapan 1344 çalışana gözlem altında anket uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların tamamı erkektir. Pestisit uygulayıcılarının %83.9'u her uygulama sonrası duş almakta; %51.6'sının işyerinde duş alma olanağı bulunmakta; %40.4'ünün uygulama sırasında giydiği kıyafet her uygulamadan sonra yıkanmaktadır. Uygulama sırasında araştırmaya katılanlar en fazla rüzgarın esme yönüne dikkat etmektedir (%97.2). Kişisel koruyucu malzemelerin kullanılma sıklıkları; gözlük %87.3, maske %88.1, lastik çizme %90.2, şapka %90.9, uzun kollu gömlek %91,1, eldiven %91.2, uzun pantolon %92.2 tulum %95.0, mont %100.0 olarak bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların %44.3'ü pestisit uygulamasını doğru yapmaktadır. Doğru uygulama yapmaya olumsuz etkili faktör bu işte 1 yıldan daha fazla çalışma; olumlu yönde etkili olanlar ise hiç sigara içmeme, günde 6 saat ve daha az çalışma ile eğitim almış olmadır. Katılımcıların %25.3'ünde pestisitlerle ilişkili olabilecek en az bir sağlık yakınması bulunmaktadır. En az bir sağlık yakınması varlığına etki eden faktörler toplam çalışma süresi 5 yıldan uzun olma, alkol kullanma, günde 6 saatten fazla çalışma, kişisel koruyucu malzemeleri tam kullanmama ile doğru pestisit uygulaması yapmamadır. Sonuç: Türkiye'de pestisit uygulayanlara yönelik yasal düzenleme olmasına rağmen eksik ve hatalı uygulamaların olduğu da saptanmıştır. Belki bunun sonucu olarak da sağlık yakınmaları görülebilmektedir.
The effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems in relation to human health. Aquatic Sciences... more The effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems in relation to human health. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, Advance online publication.
Water is a dynamic resource varying in quantity and quality across temporal and spatial scales. G... more Water is a dynamic resource varying in quantity and quality across temporal and spatial scales. Global change drivers such as population growth, land-use change, environmental pollution, and climate change affect the availability of water resources. Alterations to the hydrologic cycle put pressure on water resources, causing fluctuations in water levels and quality. Climate change also threatens the health of hundreds of millions of people in the world. It is estimated that 2.2 billion people currently do not have access to safely managed drinking water, and 4.2 billion are without safely managed sanitation. Along with that, there is a strong and consistent association between climate change and water scarcity. Modeling studies adopting the “what-if-then” approach can reveal opportunities to address the effects of potential stressors to water resources and enable the development of efficient management strategies. In addition to climate change, human activities also have direct effects on water resources, threatening ecosystem and human health. Thus, water quality models are common tools to predict and simulate the fate and transportation of certain pollutants and recent literature is growing to reveal the current and predicted effects of human activities on water resources. This special issue aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on changes in water quality and quantity affecting ecosystem and human health adopting global perspective concepts of climate change, modeling, and ecosystem services. For this purpose, 11 valuable studies were gathered together for the special issue. The majority of the selected papers are focused on water and wastewater treatment systems. Whereas, the adaptation to nature was found as the most important criterion for public expectations for water treatment plants (Yildiz et al. 2020), daily wastewater amount, number of wastewater treatment plants, and capacities were some of the efficiency score parameters for metropolitan municipalities as a decision-making unit (Ayyildiz et al. 2020). Altin et al. (2020) surveyed smallscale treatment plant companies and results revealed that, due to the low capital and operational costs and high treatment performance these systems are considered as successful plants by their employees. Abdelhay and Abunaser (2020) aimed to carry out performance-based predictions for a small-scale constructed wetland system treating greywaters and the authors proposed this system as a cost-effective technology. Since the use of plant-based biomaterials has gained attraction in water/wastewater treatment systems studies, Ayat et al. (2021) and Darama et al. (2020) demonstrated the application of bio-based materials (cactus powder and walnut shell, respectively) in the treatment units and the results showed high efficiency. Determination of water quality is a major area of interest when considering the public and ecosystem health. Ozbayram et al. (2020) conducted a study in two different freshwater sources and the results revealed that whereas the deep lake study site was found at a mesophilic status, the shallow lake had hypertrophic characteristics, and these difference can be related to many factors including dilution potentials, connected streams, and nutrient inputs. The studies carried out by Köker et al. (2020) and (Çamur et al. 2020) evaluated heavy metal levels in marine fishes and the whole-blood of the fishermen, in which high levels of heavy metals were detected. Another study evaluated the suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes (Aggarwal et al. 2020), and results highlighted that for the study area special attention should be paid to Mg during groundwater usage. * E. Gozde Ozbayram [email protected]
Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 2018
Objective: Although pesticides are mostly used on the agricultural grounds, non-agricultural pest... more Objective: Although pesticides are mostly used on the agricultural grounds, non-agricultural pesticide applications are important for health implications since they can cause individuals. Pesticides are used widely by municipalities in Turkey in order to combat undesirable organisms in public spaces. This study was aimed to get information from authorized people in the municipality about pesticide applications across Turkey and to assess their knowledge of pesticides. Methods: This is a descriptive study. Data were collected in 431 municipalities by supervised self administered questionnaire in June and July 2015 (89,6% participation). A structured questionnaire prepared by researchers and consists of 37 questions was used as a data collection tool. The people who interviewed are made up of persons who authorized for the pesticides of those municipalities. They were informed about the study and verbal approvals received from them. Results: 41.3% of respondents stated that pesticides are not their main responsibility, and 61.8% of them didn't receive any training on pesticides. Additionally, 75.2% of participants reported that pesticide application was performed by municipal satff, while 60.1% of municipalities had no manager in charge of applications.
(SOZLU BILDIRI BAŞVURUSU) Giris ve Amac: Bu calisma canlikiran uygulama isinde calisanlarin calis... more (SOZLU BILDIRI BAŞVURUSU) Giris ve Amac: Bu calisma canlikiran uygulama isinde calisanlarin calisma ozellikleri, ise iliskin uygulamalari ve canlikiranlarla iliskili olabilecek saglik yakinmalarinin bulunma durumunu degerlendirmek amaciyla yapilmistir. Gerec ve Yontem: Tanimlayici tipte bir calismadir. Altmis uc ilde, belediyelerde canlikiran uygulama isi yapan 1344 kisiye calisma ozellikleri, isle ilgili uygulamalari ve canlikiranlarla iliskili olabilecek saglik yakinmalarini saptamaya yonelik 50 sorudan olusan anket formu gozlem altinda uygulanmistir. Verilerin analizinde kikare testi ve lojistik regresyon analizi kullanilmistir. Bulgular: Katilimcilarin tamami erkek, yas ortalamasi 37,2±8,8 yas olup %43,8’i ilkokul mezunudur. Belediyelerde canlikiran uygulama isi yapanlarin %12,0’si belediye calisani iken, %88,0’i ozel firma calisani olup belediye icin ilaclama yapmaktadir. Belediye calisani olanlarin da yarisinin asil isi bu degildir. Katilimcilarin %63,0’u 1-5 yildir bu isi yapmaktadir. Grubun %85,1’i daha once ilaclama ile ilgili bir egitim almitir. Daha once egitim alsin ya da almasin %83,7’si bu konuda egitim almak istemektedir. Grubun %92,3’u ilaclama sirasinda firma tarafindan kendisine verilen kiyafeti giymekte; %9,8’i ilaclama sonrasi uzerindeki kiyafetle gunluk yasantisina devam etmekte; %40,4’u her uygulamadan sonra uzerindeki kiyafeti yikatmaktadir. Grubun %70,1’i canlikiran uygulamasi sirasinda giydigi kiyafeti “evde”, bunlarin da %79,0’i “evdeki diger camasirlarla birlikte” yikatmaktadir. Katilimcilarin %90,0’dan fazlasi uygulama sirasinda bir sey yiyip icmemekte; %9,1’i ilaclama sirasinda ruzgar altinda kalmakta; %5,0’i yemek molasinda eldivenlerini ve %52,9’u kiyafetlerini cikarmamaktadir. Yaklasik yarisinin isyerinde dus alma olanagi bulunmaktadir. Her uygulama sonrasi dus alanlar grubun %83,9’udur. Kisisel koruyucu malzeme verilenler arasinda bunlarin kullanilma sikliklari; gozluk %87,0, maske %88,0, lastik cizme %90,0, sapka %91,0, eldiven %91,0, uzun kollu gomlek %91,0, uzun pantolon %92,0 tulum %95,0, mont %100,0’dir. Malzemelerin %90,0’in uzerinde kullanilabilir oldugu ifade edilmistir. Kisisel koruyucu malzemelerden “Şapka ve gozluk ve maske ve eldiven ve lastik cizme ve uzun kollu gomlek ya da monttan birisi ve uzun pantolon ya da tulumdan birisini” hep birlikte kullananlar “kisisel koruyucu malzemeleri tam kullanan” olarak tanimlanmistir. “Ilaclama sirasinda tulum giyme veya Ilaclama sirasinda giydigi gomlegin dugmelerini kapatma ve Ilaclama sirasinda giydigi gomlegi pantolon icine koyma; Ilaclama sirasinda eldiven, bot ve sapka kullanma; Eldivenleri elinden cikarmadan once yikama; Ilaclama sirasinda ruzgarin esme yonune dikkat etme” uygulamalarinin hepsini yapanlar “ilaclamada dogru uygulama yapan” olarak tanimlanmistir. Ilaclamada dogru uygulama yapanlar katilimcilarin %44,3’udur. Ozel firma calisanlari belediye calisanlarina gore canlikiran uygulamasi konusunda daha fazla “egitim almistir”; “kisisel koruyuculari tam kullanmaktadir” ve “ilaclamada dogru uygulama yapmaktadir” (p<0,05). Ilaclama konusunda egitim alanlar almayanlara gore daha fazla tam kisisel koruyucu kullanmakta, ilaclamada dogru uygulama yapmakta, her ilaclama sonrasi evde dus almakta, kiyafetleri her gun yikatmaktadir; daha az olarak ilaclama kiyafetleriyle yasantiya devam etmekte ve kiyafetleri evde yikatmaktadir (p<0,05). Katilimcilarin %25,3’unde canlikiranlarla iliskili olabilecek en az bir saglik yakinmasi bulunmaktadir. En fazla ifade edilen saglik yakinmalari yorgunluk (%10,9), basagrisi, gozde kizariklik ve sulanma, oksuruktur. Deri ve goz bulgulari en cok rahatsiz eden yakinmalardir. Yapilan lojistik regresyon analizinde gunluk toplam calisma suresi 6 saatten az olanlar (OR=3,22) ve canlikiranlarla ilgili egitim alanlar (OR=4,89) daha fazla; calisma suresi 1 yili asanlar ve halen sigara icenler (OR=0,62) daha az “dogru uygulama” yapmaktadir (p<0,05). Dogru uygulama yapmayanlarda (OR=2,43), calisma suresi 5 yili asanlarda (OR=1,74), alkol icmis birakmis/halen icenlerde (OR=2,12/OR=2,01), gunluk calisma suresi 6 saati asanlarda (OR=3,22) ve kisisel koruyucu malzemeleri tam kullanmayanlarda (OR=3,30 ) saglik yakinmasi gorulme sikligi daha fazladir (p<0,05). Sonuc ve Oneriler: Canlikiran uygulama isinde calisanlarin tamami ilaclama ile ilgili egitim almalidir. Tum calisanlara uygun kisisel koruyucu malzeme temin edilmesi ve dogru olarak kullanilmasi saglanmalidir. Ilaclama isi yapanlarin isyerinde dus almasi ve uygulama sirasinda giyilen kiyafetlerin isyerinde yikanmasi icin gerekli duzenlemeler yapilmalidir. Canlikiran hazirlama ve uygulama isinde calisanlarin duzenli saglik kontrolleri yapilmalidir. Uygulama sirasindaki davranislarin gozleme dayali olarak degerlendirildigi; egitim alanlarin davranis degisikligini, bu degisikligin surekliligini degerlendirecek arastirmalar yapilmalidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belediye, pestisit, canlikiran uygulayicisi, saglik yakinmasi Yazarlarin bu calisma ile ilgisi…
Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 2020
Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors on water... more Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors on water consumption of students studying in some faculties of Health Sciences University. Methods: This is a descriptive study. Total of 938 students studying in some faculties of the Health Sciences University were reached in May and June 2019 (participation rate 95.0%). The data were collected under observation using the questionnaire created by the researchers. Results: 51.5% of the students heard the concept of "water footprint" before. The most of the sources they follow the news about the environment are internet (80.1%) and the social media (77.8%). The shower time of 54.4% of the students is 16-30 minutes, and 18.0% do not pay attention to how much water they spend in daily life. The most reason given by those who pay attention "water resources are limited and one day will be over, so I do not waste water" (66.8%). To the proposition "Increasing industrialization leads to a decrease in usable water resources" 93.5% of the whole group, to the proposition "agricultural practices pollute water resources" 61.7% of the whole group were responded correctly. 73.7% of ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışma, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi'nin bazı fakültelerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin su tüketimi konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı tiptedir. 2019 yılı Mayıs ve Haziran aylarında Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi'nin bazı fakültelerinde öğrenim gören toplam 938 öğrenciye ulaşılmıştır (katılım oranı %95,0). Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan anket formu kullanılarak gözlem altında toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %51,5'i "su ayak izi" kavramını daha önce duymuştur. Çevre ile ilgili haberleri en fazla takip ettikleri kaynaklar internet (%80,1) ve sosyal medya olmuştur. (%77,8). Öğrencilerin %54,4'ünün duş alma süresi 16-30 dakika olup, %18,0'ı günlük yaşamda ne kadar su harcadığına dikkat etmemektedir. Buna dikkat edenlerin en fazla söylediği gerekçe "su kaynakları sınırlı ve bir gün bitecek, o nedenle su savurganlığı yapmam" olmuştur (%66,8). "Sanayileşmenin artması kullanılabilir su kaynaklarının azalmasına yol açar" önermesine tüm grubun %93,5'i, "tarımsal uygulamalar su kaynaklarını kirletir" önermesine tüm grubun %61,7'si doğru yanıt vermiştir.
An increase in enviromental pollution may lead to mercury toxicity of fish origin due to the accu... more An increase in enviromental pollution may lead to mercury toxicity of fish origin due to the accumulative nature of methylmercury in fish. The main sources of human exposure to organic mercury compounds are contaminated fish and other seafoods. This descriptive study was planned to determine mercury levels in anchovy and in hair samples from individuals with different fish consumption habits, and to evaluate those individuals in terms of toxic effects. For that purpose, we analyzed 100 anchovies from the Black Sea and 100 anchovies from the Sea of Marmara, and assessed 25 wholesale workers in fish markets and 25 cleaning firm employees from both Ankara and Istanbul. Mercury levels in samples were measured using a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Participants were examined neurologically and mini mental state examination was applied to evaluate their cognitive functions. Mercury levels in fish were found to be below the national and international permitted levels. Ther...
Bu calisma canlikiran uygulama isi yapanlarin calisma ozellikleri, uygulamalari ve canlikiranlarl... more Bu calisma canlikiran uygulama isi yapanlarin calisma ozellikleri, uygulamalari ve canlikiranlarla iliskili saglik yakinmalarinin bulunma durumunu degerlendirmek amaciyla yapilmistir. Altmis uc ilde belediyelerde pestisit uygulama isi yapan 1344 kisiye anket uygulanmistir. Katilimcilarin tamami erkek, yas ortalamasi 37,2 8,8 olup %88,0 i ozel firma, %6,2 si belediye calisanidir. Isle ilgili egitim alanlar grubun %85,1 idir. Katilimcilarin %40,4 u her uygulamadan sonra uzerindeki kiyafeti yikatmakta, %9,8 i uzerindeki kiyafetle gunluk yasantisina devam etmektedir. Yuzde 70,1 i canlikiran uygulamasi sirasinda giydigi kiyafeti evde, %79,0 i evde diger camasirlarla birlikte yikatmaktadir. Katilimcilarin %90,0 indan fazlasi uygulama sirasinda bir sey yiyip icmemektedir. Yaklasik yarisinin isyerinde dus alma olanagi bulunmaktadir. Her uygulama sonrasi dus alanlarin yuzdesi %92,6 dir. Kisisel koruyucu malzemelerin kullanilma sikliklari; gozluk %87,0, maske %88,0, lastik cizme %90,0, sapka
Selected heavy metal-trace element (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, and V) levels were de... more Selected heavy metal-trace element (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, and V) levels were determined by the ICP-MS method in whole-blood samples of fishermen and control group who accommodate in four provinces of the Marmara Sea. Mercury (1.267 ± 1.061 µg/L to 0.796 ± 0.853 µg/L) and lead (17.8 ± 9.0 µg/L to 12.0 ± 6.83 µg/L) levels were higher in the fishermen group than that of control group (p < 0.001 for both). There was no difference between the fishermen group and the control group in terms of whole-blood levels of other elements. Total monthly fish consumption was 9340.4 gr in the fishermen group and 326.4 gr in the control group, and the difference between the groups was significant (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the groups in terms of having amalgam dental filling (p > 0.05). The results suggest that consuming high amounts of sea products caught from the Marmara Sea is a source for some heavy metals such as mercury and lead, which poses a public health risk. Unlike the control group, the positive correlation between arsenic, copper, and strontium levels and age in fishermen can also be evaluated as an indicator of chronic exposure.
Rapid industrialization and excessive human population growth may cause deterioration in marine w... more Rapid industrialization and excessive human population growth may cause deterioration in marine water quality and biodiversity. Heavy metals are one of the most common pollutants in the seas and marine organisms, including demersal and pelagic fish, can accumulate them from the environment. Assessment of the ecological risk of heavy metals from fish has an important role in public health. In this study, some heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Hg, Cu, Zn, and Fe) concentrations were determined in the muscle tissues of two commonly consumed fish species, Trachurus mediterraneus (Mediterranean horse mackerel) and Merlangius merlangus (Whiting), which are the fifth (14,222 tons/year) and sixth (6814 tons/year) highest commercial catches of marine fish species in Turkey, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations of samples collected from four sites (Adalar, İzmit Bay, Yalova, and Tekirdağ) in the Marmara Sea were determined using ICP-MS. Fish samples caught at Yalova station were found to have the highest heavy metal concentrations. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in terms of the mean values, only As, and Cr were higher than permissible limits in T. mediterraneus, while Pb, Cd, As, and Cr were higher in M. merlangus. Arsenic concentrations were higher than maximum limits in both T. mediterraneus and M. merlangus. The estimated weekly intake (EWI) was calculated to assess the potential health impact. The EWI for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury for some sites was above the provisional tolerable weekly intake.
Amaç: Türkiye'de belediyelerde su yönetimi kapsamında yapılan çalışmaların ve su yönetimi konusun... more Amaç: Türkiye'de belediyelerde su yönetimi kapsamında yapılan çalışmaların ve su yönetimi konusunda çalışanların bu konudaki düşünce ve görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmada 481 belediyeden (büyükşehir, il, ilçe) 461'inde 461 çalışan ile görüşülmüştür (katılım orantısı %95,8). Veriler hazırlanan anket formu ile gözlem altında toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %42.4'ünün asıl görevi su ile ilgili olmadığı halde su yönetimiyle ilgili işlerde çalıştığı; %78.6'sının su ve yönetimi konusunda herhangi bir eğitim almadığı saptanmıştır. Belediyelerin %0.7'sinde hiç su depo temizliği yapılmamaktadır. Depo temizliği yapan personelin %59.0'ı bu konuda bir eğitim almamıştır. Katılımcıların %97.6'sı kentlerinde su dezenfeksiyonu amacıyla halen klor kullanıldığı bilgisini vermişlerdir. Ancak %88.6'sı dezenfeksiyon için suların klorlanması gerektiğini düşünmektedir. Katılımcıların %10.0'ı bina içi su yapıları ile ilgili çalışma yaptıklarını ifade etmiştir. Belediyelerin %77.3'ünde park ve bahçelerin sulanmasında şebeke suyu kullanılmaktadır. Sonuç: Belediyelerde su yönetiminin tüm aşamalarında konuyla ilgili eğitim almış kişiler görevlendirilmeli; şebeke kontrolü ve su depoları gibi en uç noktadaki uygulamalarda eğitim almış sertifikalı personel istihdamı zorunlu hale getirilmelidir.
Purpose The main goal of this study was genotyping of free-living parasites and sub-grouping of p... more Purpose The main goal of this study was genotyping of free-living parasites and sub-grouping of pathogenic or non-pathogenic amebae obtained from Turkey's thermal springs. In so doing, distribution and abundance of possible pathogenic or causative strain for humans, which are caused by Acanthamoeba and Naegleria strains, would be elaborated. The number of extensive studies on the general occurrence and distribution of parasitic strains is very high worldwide, but there has been a paucity of information with regard to Turkey. Methods From a total of 434 obtained thermal pool samples, free-living amebas were isolated from 148 water samples using the non-nutrient agar (NNA) culture method. Subsequently, the cultivated samples were used for DNA isolation; then 102 obtained DNA samples were subjected to PCR amplification using various primers for samples of genera Acanthamoeba and Naegleria. Ultimately, estimation of genotype or subtype was evaluated by sequencing. Results About 29 samples that belong to Acanthamoeba and Naegleria were estimated from a total of 102 amplified PCR samples. These eukaryotic PCR products which have Acanthamoeba genus appearance, generated 26 subtypes and 3 Naegleria samples. Among the 26 Acanthamoeba genotypes, 22 aligned sequences were matched with various GenBank reference samples, while the 4 divergent genotypes were not elaborated and marked as ND. Most of the Acanthamoeba genera were determined as likely dominating groups and clustered as T form within totally eight groups. Eight, seven and three subtypes were found as T4A, T15 and T11 genotypes, respectively while the remainings were ultimately found in four groups. Results confirming the predominance of T4A, which is known the most causative form, the presence in the pools. Despite being uncommon, N. fowleri, lovaniensis and australiensis were also observed among the surveyed pools. Conclusion The present study is descriptive and is not unique. However, this is the most comprehensive study of the molecular distribution sampling of thermophilic Acanthamoeba and Naegleria that confirmed and demonstrated their ubiquitous presence throughout Turkey. By this estimation, in some spas, the most and likely causative form Acanthamoeba including T4 and Naegleria fowleri has also been confirmed.
Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 2019
Objective: This study was carried out to learn the reasons of non-compliance of water and its sol... more Objective: This study was carried out to learn the reasons of non-compliance of water and its solution suggestions to get opinions of the health professional who contol/monitor the compliance of drinking water with the quality standards in our country. Methods: This is a descriptive study. The questionnaire form which was prepared by the researchers was used as data collection tool. The questionnaire was sent electronically to 81 Provincial Health Directorates and it was filled out by Deputy Manager of Environmental Health, Environmental Health Branch Manager and Environmental Health Branch personnel who monitor the drinking water quality. A total of 496 people were reached in 79 provinces. Results: According to the participants the first reason for microbiological non-compliance on drinking water is the problems related to water supply and distribution system (41.0%) and the most common solution is interventions in water supply and distrubition system (36.8%). Water source is the most important reason of chemical non-complıance (27.0%). As a solution, treatment system should be established and continuity should be ensured (20.2%). When the cause of low level of chlorine is considered, it is seen that ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışma ülkemizde içme-kullanma suyunun kalite standartlarına uygunluğunu izleyen/ denetleyen sağlık personelinin uygunsuzluk nedenleri ve çözüm önerileri hakkındaki görüşlerini öğrenmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tiptedir. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Anket formu 81 İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü'ne elektronik ortamda gönderilmiş, Çevre Sağlığı İşlerinden Sorumlu Müdür Yardımcısı, Çevre Sağlığı Şube Müdürü ve Çevre Sağlığı Şubesinde içme-kullanma suyu kalitesini izleyen personel tarafından doldurulmuştur. Toplam 79 ilde 496 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcılara göre içme-kullanma suyu mikrobiyolojik uygunsuzluğunun ilk sıradaki nedeni su sağlama ve dağıtım sistemine ait sorunlar (%41,9), ilk sıradaki çözüm önerisi de su sağlama ve dağıtım sistemine ait uygulamalardır (%36,8). Kimyasal uygunsuzluk nedeni olarak en fazla su kaynağının özelliği (%27,0), çözüm önerisi olarak en fazla arıtım sistemi kurulması ve sürekliliğinin sağlanmasıdır (%20 ,2). Klor yetersizliği nedeni olarak en fazla etkin klorlamanın sağlanamaması (%43,4), çözüm önerisi
Cukurova Medical Journal (Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi), 2017
Öz Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine various characteristics of municipal worke... more Öz Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine various characteristics of municipal workers engaged in nonagricultural pesticide application and factors related to proper pesticide application and pesticide-related health symptoms. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study. A supervised questionnaire was administered to 1344 pesticide applicators in 63 of the 81 provincial municipalities in Turkey that perform such procedures. Results: All the participants in the research were male. The results showed that 83.9% of pesticide applicators showered after each application, 51.6% had showering facilities in their workplaces and 40.4% washed the clothing they wore during the procedure after each application. The factor receiving most attention during application was the direction of the wind (97.2%). Rates of use of personal protective equipment were goggles 87.3%, masks 88.1%, rubber boots 90.2%, hats 90.9%, longsleeved shirts 91.1%, gloves 91.2%, long rousers 92.2%, overalls 95% and jackets 100%. The level of applicators performing correct procedures was 44.3%. The factor negatively affecting correct application was working in the field for more than 1 year, while factors with positive impacts were never smoking, working 6 hours a day or less and appropriate training. At least one health symptom possibly related to pesticides was present in 25.3% of participants. Factors affecting presence of at least one health symptom were total employment exceeding 5 years, alcohol use, incomplete use of personal protective equipment and failure to perform proper procedures. Conclusions: Despite the legal provisions concerning pesticide applicators in Turkey, incomplete and defective procedures still persist. Health symptoms may also possibly be seen as a result. Amaç: Bu çalışmada tarım dışı alanda pestisit uygulaması yapan belediye çalışanlarının pestisit uygulaması ile ilgili bazı özellikleri ile doğru pestisit uygulamaya ve pestisitlerle ilişkili sağlık yakınmalarının varlığına etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı türde bir çalışmadır.Türkiye'deki 81 il belediyesinden 63'ünde pestisit uygulaması yapan 1344 çalışana gözlem altında anket uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların tamamı erkektir. Pestisit uygulayıcılarının %83.9'u her uygulama sonrası duş almakta; %51.6'sının işyerinde duş alma olanağı bulunmakta; %40.4'ünün uygulama sırasında giydiği kıyafet her uygulamadan sonra yıkanmaktadır. Uygulama sırasında araştırmaya katılanlar en fazla rüzgarın esme yönüne dikkat etmektedir (%97.2). Kişisel koruyucu malzemelerin kullanılma sıklıkları; gözlük %87.3, maske %88.1, lastik çizme %90.2, şapka %90.9, uzun kollu gömlek %91,1, eldiven %91.2, uzun pantolon %92.2 tulum %95.0, mont %100.0 olarak bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların %44.3'ü pestisit uygulamasını doğru yapmaktadır. Doğru uygulama yapmaya olumsuz etkili faktör bu işte 1 yıldan daha fazla çalışma; olumlu yönde etkili olanlar ise hiç sigara içmeme, günde 6 saat ve daha az çalışma ile eğitim almış olmadır. Katılımcıların %25.3'ünde pestisitlerle ilişkili olabilecek en az bir sağlık yakınması bulunmaktadır. En az bir sağlık yakınması varlığına etki eden faktörler toplam çalışma süresi 5 yıldan uzun olma, alkol kullanma, günde 6 saatten fazla çalışma, kişisel koruyucu malzemeleri tam kullanmama ile doğru pestisit uygulaması yapmamadır. Sonuç: Türkiye'de pestisit uygulayanlara yönelik yasal düzenleme olmasına rağmen eksik ve hatalı uygulamaların olduğu da saptanmıştır. Belki bunun sonucu olarak da sağlık yakınmaları görülebilmektedir.
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