Papers by Denis Cavallucci
Springer eBooks, 2011
In their work on the C-K theory, Le Masson et al talk about the passage from R&D to RID, claiming... more In their work on the C-K theory, Le Masson et al talk about the passage from R&D to RID, claiming that R&D in the era of innovation must revise its practices to adapt to the changes that have given birth to this new industrial paradigm. The authors speak of 'performance logic' as an incontrovertible step in this evolution without going any further into their thoughts on the matter. Only a few syntheses exist to allow us to understand the contributions that aim to qualify the inventive performance of R&D, this article puts forward an analysis and provides a literature interpretation on this subject. We then discuss three main points in accordance to what seems to us to be appropriate for the future metrics of inventive efficiency.
La Theorie de la Resolution des Problemes Inventifs, appelee la TRIZ, s'impose de nos jours c... more La Theorie de la Resolution des Problemes Inventifs, appelee la TRIZ, s'impose de nos jours comme une approche tres construite permettant d'apprehender des situations de recherche de solutions, notamment dans l'industrie. Les postulats theoriques et les outils issus de cette approche forment un ensemble d'elements, parmi eux la matrice de resolution des contradictions techniques et les lois d'evolution. L'usage de cette theorie conduit a des resultats, des exemples concrets illustrent avec succes ses forts potentiels. Pour autant, elle semble malgre tout avoir besoin d'evolutions et d'une meilleure diffusion pour se donner les chances de convaincre.
Computers in Industry, 2011
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Feb 1, 2013
International audienc
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Jun 1, 2014
Su-Field analysis, as one of the inventive problem solving tools, can be used to analyze and impr... more Su-Field analysis, as one of the inventive problem solving tools, can be used to analyze and improve the efficiency of a technical system. Generally, the process of using Su-Field models to solve a specific inventive problem includes building a Problem Model, mapping to a Generic Problem Model (the abstract Problem Model to describe the Problem Models with similar properties), finding a Generic Solution Model (the abstract Solution Model to represent the Solution Models with similar modifications) based on the corresponding inventive standard, and finally establishing and instantiating a Solution Model. As one of the most important phases of Su-Field analysis, the last step is normally implemented manually with the help of a knowledge base of physical effects, which link generic technical functions with specific applications and systems. The physical effects compatible with the context of the specific problem should be chosen to assist the users to instantiate the Solution Model. However, the physical effects and the specific problems are built at different levels of abstraction, and it is difficult for the users to choose. In order to facilitate the use of physical effects, this paper firstly proposes a new way of representing physical effects by making explicit a state change, that is, the couple of two states, before and after applying the physical effect. Then, knowledge about using physical effects is formalized in OWL (Ontology Web Language), and constraint knowledge, such as the preconditions to use each kind of physical effects, is formalized in SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language). Finally, the reasoning process of using physical effects is performed with the support of the Jess (Java Expert System Shell) rule engine. The case of a "Diving Fin" is used to illustrate the whole process in detail.
Springer eBooks, 2002
In the current socio-economic context, companies are required to pursue an on-going reduction in ... more In the current socio-economic context, companies are required to pursue an on-going reduction in terms of the time-to-market process while increasing their innovation capacity. Yet this objective is hindered because the relevance of the solutions depends on human creative, intrinsic and random skills, which means that any technological and economic forecasts related to the new product (or technological system) are necessarily uncertain. The basic notion behind systemics suggests, therefore, that a certain distance should be taken from these situations and that they should be observed according to a systemic time/level reference, which should enable the company to forecast the development of technical systems. There are an impressive number of studies that present analyses of developing the technique. Most of these studies are backed by the formalisation of laws. The emergence of a theory on innovation proposed by Altshuller also offers an advanced study of these laws. This chapter aims to give a brief presentation of TRIZ (from the Russian acronym for theory of inventive problem solving) from a methodological and structural angle, and to put forward how it might be integrated into current Western approaches.
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2014
With the development of the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ), different knowledge sourc... more With the development of the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ), different knowledge sources were established in order to solve different types of inventive problems, such as 40 inventive principles for eliminating the technical contradictions. These knowledge sources with different levels of abstraction are all built independent of the specific application field, and require extensive knowledge about different engineering domains. In order to facilitate the use of the TRIZ knowledge sources, this paper explores a new inventive problem solving approach based on ontologies. In this approach, the TRIZ users start solving an inventive problem with the TRIZ knowledge source of their choice to obtain an abstract solution. According to the selected items of that first knowledge source, the similar items of other knowledge sources are obtained based on the semantic similarity calculated in advance. Considering that all the TRIZ knowledge sources are described as short-texts, the missing links among the TRIZ knowledge sources are defined based on short-text semantic similarity. At the same time, the ontology reasoning mechanism, deployed on Protégé and JESS, is used to provide heuristic solutions dynamically for TRIZ users. The case of a "Space Boiler" is used to show this ontology-based inventive problem solving process in detail.
Inventive Design is a research field born on the basis that TRIZ body of knowledge was both promi... more Inventive Design is a research field born on the basis that TRIZ body of knowledge was both promising and original, but also containing inconsistencies that only an in-depth scientific work achieved by a community of researchers could handle for its evolution. Amongst the techniques used by TRIZ community, Altshuller’s Contradiction Matrix combined with the 40 Inventive Principles that appears as a flagship for newcomers and observers. This rather old tool from Altshuller has undergone many researches and a large quantity of evolutions have been proposed for its rebuilding. Nevertheless, after several attempt of practices, two major drawbacks in its use still appears to engineers. The first one is when associating contradiction’s parameters to one or several of the 39 Generic Engineering Parameters, the second is to interpret the resulting Inventive Principles appearing in the cells of the Contradiction Matrix. These two potential reasons of inefficiencies are known to TRIZ world, but only few proposals have been made by researches in the community to cope with these drawbacks. This paper proposes to report about the use of Case-based Reasoning (CBR) associated to semantic similarity algorithms as a means to directly place users in front of a set of eligible solutions when trying to solve a contradiction, therefore avoiding the use of the Contradiction Matrix. Our research has now reached a milestone since we have developed an online web-application associated with a database and a case base for testing the inventive problem-solving environment with users and compare it with classical use of the matrix. We also summarize the architecture of our methodology and illustrate it with a case study.
It is acknowledged that one of the most critical issues facing today's organizations concerns the... more It is acknowledged that one of the most critical issues facing today's organizations concerns the substantial leaps required to methodologically structure innovation. Among other published work, some suggest that a complete rethinking of current practices is required. In this article, we propose a methodology aiming at providing controlled R&D choices based on a monitoring of the impact Solution Concepts provoke on a problematic situation. Initially this problematic situation is modeled in a graph form, namely a Problem Graph. It has the objective to assists R&D managers when choosing which activities to support and bring them concrete arguments to defend their choices. We postulate that by improving the robustness of such approaches we help deciders to switch from intuitive decisions (mostly built upon their past experiences, fear regarding risks, and awareness of the company's level of acceptance of novelties) to thoroughly constructed inventive problem solving strategies. Our approach will be discussed using a computer application that illustrates our hypothesis after being tested in several industrial applications.
Procedia Engineering, 2015
The ability to understand problems well, often referred as problem finding, is identified as the ... more The ability to understand problems well, often referred as problem finding, is identified as the most important aspect of engineering problem solving. The use of some ideation tools can assist in this endeavor. The effective utilization of certain tools can even impact the long-term development of problem solving ability. This study investigates how different tools of TRIZ can be helpful for problem finding. This paper considers the following: 1) What functionality are required in a problem solving tool to ensure effective problem finding?; 2) Which tools of TRIZ can assist problem finding?; and 3) How does the use of these TRIZ tools enhance the process of problem finding? The tools explored in this paper are: Situation Analysis, Substance-Field Analysis, Method of the Ideal Result, ARIZ, OTSM and IDM-TRIZ. Discussions are also made as to why these tools of TRIZ offer benefit for problem finding. The results from this paper have implications on the design of training programs in TRIZ for both educational and professional settings.
IFIP advances in information and communication technology, 2021
Since its origins, TRIZ theory has been concerned with the use of fundamental knowledge of physic... more Since its origins, TRIZ theory has been concerned with the use of fundamental knowledge of physics as a means of solving engineering problems. The three decades of TRIZ history have seen the emergence of methodological tools such as substance-field analysis combined with databases that have become increasingly computerized in line with advances in computer science. However, the current revival of artificial intelligence calls into question everything that has been done previously in terms of classification and allows us to think about the pairing of engineering problems and knowledge of physics not from closed databases, but in real time from online data sources and according to the versatility of web content. This article presents a new approach to pairing called PhysiSolve based on Artificial Intelligence techniques. We used natural language processing models like transformers based on attention to boost learning which allows us to outperform classical models for downstream tasks and unlock technical language understanding to automate data classification and facilitate semantic search for better ideas generation. Our research has led us to develop an online tool whose first results are presented and discussed from a perspective of measuring the efficiency of conducting an inventive activity. These results reinforce our belief that artificial assistance to inventiveness in R&D is no longer just possible but paves the way for a new era of digital tools for engineers and industrial companies.
Procedia Engineering, 2011
Current Research and Development activities in enterprises built on research findings of design e... more Current Research and Development activities in enterprises built on research findings of design engineering studies postulate that complex systems need to be decomposed for an-a priori-useful complexity reduction. However, this assumption and some engaged work have not answered to the problematic of linking problem formulation, problem resolving stages and existing knowledge. In response to this concern, we postulate that in a context aiming at assuming inventive challenges, specific knowledge decomposition and structuring has to be organized for an appropriate and efficient problem solving process to be engaged. This article focuses in particular on the gathering stage of a generic framework for knowledge representation and reorganization. These representations use several grounding hypothesis of TRIZ and OTSM-TRIZ combined with acknowledged rules of artificial intelligence and graph theory. Furthermore, a procedure aiming at conducting the gathering stage of a complex situation's investigation is described.
Expert Systems With Applications, Nov 1, 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2022
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Papers by Denis Cavallucci