sacbrood disease / sacbrood-like disease / toxic pollen / africanized bee / Stryphnodendron Since... more sacbrood disease / sacbrood-like disease / toxic pollen / africanized bee / Stryphnodendron Since 1983, many samples of diseased brood, mainly from southeastern states, have been diagnosed as sacbrood-like disease in Brazil. This disease has caused serious losses to beekeepers who in some cases, have lost all their colonies in less than one month (Message, 1997). The main symptoms are the following: the larvae fail to pupate and remain stretched on their backs, with their heads towards the cell capping. Fluid then accumulates between the body of the diseased larva and its unshed skin, and the body color of the larva changes from pearly white to a pale yellow. After it has died, it becomes dark brown over a few days. The head and thoracic regions darken first, and finally the larva dries down to a flattened gondola-shaped scale, as described by Bailey and Ball (1991) for the sacbrood disease caused by the 30 nm viral particle SBV (Bailey et al., 1964).
The digestibility of pollen grains consumed by Apis mellifera workers during one year in the micr... more The digestibility of pollen grains consumed by Apis mellifera workers during one year in the microregion of Vicosa, MG, Brazil was analyzed. In total 80% was digested, 5% was undigested and 15% was broken pollen. Therefore the useful rate by bees was high and there was not significant difference among the three hives sampled suggesting that there is not relationship between the low honey flow period with the use of protein resources at Vicosa microregion. The predominant pollen species during the year were of families Myrtaceae and Poaceae. Sometimes the pollen consumed by worker bees were different from those found in the flowers on a determined year period which is to be expected as young bees feed on pollen grains stored in the hive.
Rômulo Sátiro de Medeiros, D.S., Federal University of Viçosa, November 2005. Benefits of feeding... more Rômulo Sátiro de Medeiros, D.S., Federal University of Viçosa, November 2005. Benefits of feeding on Eucalyptus cloeziana and Psidium guajava plants in the field for the predator Brontocoris tabidus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Adviser: José Cola Zanuncio. Committee Members: José Eduardo Serrão, Teresinha Vinha Zanuncio, Evaldo Ferreira Vilela e Dejair Message. The objective of this work was to study the reproduction of Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with or without plants of Eucalyptus cloeziana or Psidium guajava fed with Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae in field at 21.16 1.52 C, relative humidity of 77.88 0.98% and photo phase of 11.61 0.26 hours and to evaluate the effect of the duration of the nymph stage and the weight on the fecundity and longevity of this predator. The fecundity of B. tabidus increased in 3.5 and 2.9 times in the treatments with plants of E. cloeziana and P. guajava respectively than without them. ...
José Salazar Zanuncio Junior, D.Sc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa, July 2007. Predatory ability... more José Salazar Zanuncio Junior, D.Sc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa, July 2007. Predatory ability of Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Adviser: José Cola Zanuncio. Co-Advisers: Dejair Message, José Eduardo Serrão and Teresinha Vinha Zanuncio. The predator Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) it commonly found in agricultural and forest systems. The predatory capacity and the reproduction of P. nigrispinus, descending from a mass rearing with the alternative prey Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) or the natural one Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were studied at different densities of the velvetbean caterpillars on soybean plants in a greenhouse. Offspring females of P. nigripinus reared with the alternative or the natural one presented functional response of types II and III, respectively. This indicates a possible effect of conditioning this predator and thus i...
Fornecimento de substituto de pólen na redução da mortalidade de Apis mellifera L. causada pela C... more Fornecimento de substituto de pólen na redução da mortalidade de Apis mellifera L. causada pela Cria Ensacada Brasileira Pollen substitute on the reduction of Apis mellifera L. mortality caused by Brazilian Sac Brood Recebido para publicação 14.08.09 Aprovado em 02.08.11 Devolvido pelo autor 06.09.11 CR-2340 RESUMO A cria ensacada brasileira é uma das piores enfermidades de abelhas Apis m ellifera L. africanizadas, principalmente do Sudeste do Brasil. Ela afeta o desenvolvimento das larvas, após serem alimentadas pelas abelhas nutrizes com o pólen do barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum e Stryphnodendron adstringens), ocasionando a morte entre os estágios de pré-pupa e pupa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do substituto de pólen na redução da mortalidade da cria ensacada brasileira durante o florescimento do Stryphnodendron adstringens. Foram utilizados dois tratamentos: as colmeias do tratamento 1 receberam semanalmente substituto de pólen (mistura de farinha de soja, fubá e farinha de trigo em proporções iguais). As colmeias do tratamento 2 não receberam o substituto de pólen, tendo como único alimento o pólen que encontravam na natureza. As colmeias alimentadas apresentaram diferença significativa de 93,5% de viabilidade de sobrevivência de cria em relação às não alimentadas, que apresentaram 80,4% de sobrevivência. A frequência de pólen S. adstringens nos coletores de pólen, no tratamento 1, foi 0,21. Entretanto, no Tratamento 2, foi de 4,38, indicando que as colmeias que não se alimentaram com o substituto apresentaram maior frequência do pólen dessa planta, quando comparadas com as que dispunham da dieta artificial. Esse manejo sugere que a oferta do substituto de pólen, antes e durante a florada do Stryphnodendron adstringens, é importante na redução dos efeitos da cria ensacada brasileira em enxames de abelhas africanizadas.
Alternative approaches including metagenomic and genetic screening can be extremely useful and ca... more Alternative approaches including metagenomic and genetic screening can be extremely useful and can accelerate important discoveries related to a current phenomenon wich affect honey bees around the world (characterized by the depopulation or sudden losses of hives). To determi- ne possible causes for the decline in honey bee colonies from southeastern Brazil, and in particular to test the likelihoods of specific predicted causative agent(s) for this condition, a diverse set of analyses were proposed. These analyses form part of a more extensive Epidemiological Evaluation Program for bees in southeastern Brazil. Here we present an overview about part of this Program. Three viruses were identified (Acute Bee Paralysis Virus - ABPV, Black Queen Cell Virus - BQCV, and Deformed Wing Virus - DWV) in 1,920 analyzed bees, and a multiplex RT-PCR assay was developed and validated. Although strategy adopted to analyze data in details is still being evaluated and prepared by the authors, the fi...
Resumen pt: Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a causa de uma doenca que levava a mumific... more Resumen pt: Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a causa de uma doenca que levava a mumificacao de larvas de abelhas Apis mellifera em colonias no apiario d...
Previous studies suggested that the Brazilian sac brood disease (BSB) may be caused by some conte... more Previous studies suggested that the Brazilian sac brood disease (BSB) may be caused by some content present in the ethanol soluble extract from pollen grains of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, plant species containing high level of tannin. Bioassays showed that larvae of honeybee Apis mellifera present signals of BSB disease when fed on diet containing tannic acid. This study investigated the effect of diet containing tannic acid on the midgut epithelium of A. mellifera larvae. Bee larvae were fed at field and laboratory conditions with artificial food. Results did not show any morphological changes in the midgut of larvae fed on diet containing tannic acid.
As abelhas constituem um importante componente da natureza principalmente por garantirem a polini... more As abelhas constituem um importante componente da natureza principalmente por garantirem a polinização de inúmeras espécies vegetais e, se bem manejadas, possibilitam grandes lucros aos produtores. Das enfermidades apícolas, a nosemose figura como uma doença fúngica que ganhou grande importância na apicultura brasileira por ter reaparecido com uma agente de potencial virulência denominado Nosema ceranae. Este parasita intracelular obrigatório age infectando desde insetos até mamíferos vertebrados e, em abelhas Apis, infecta essencialmente células do sistema digestivo. Dada a importância econômica e sanitária que a nosemose pode adquirir, fazse necessário a identificação das áreas afetadas e qual a espécie de Nosema spp envolvida nos Estados brasileiros, na tentativa de traçar um perfil epidemiológico eficaz da doença, e considerar estratégias que limitem seus efeitos na colônia. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a presença de Nosema spp em cidades do Estado do ...
There is an increasing need for substances with antiviral activity since the treatment of viral i... more There is an increasing need for substances with antiviral activity since the treatment of viral infections with most antivirals is often unsatisfactory due to the problem of, amongst other things, viral latency and the likelihood of new viral agents arising. Previously we isolated bauer-7-en-3-yl acetate (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained from the chloroform extract of an sample of propolis from southeast Brazil (TEIXEIRA, et al., 2006). Here we investigated the antiviral activity of BA against the alphaherpesviruses bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and pseudorabiesvirus (SuHV-1, suid herpesvirus) during infection of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) and African green monkey kidney (VERO) cells cultures, respectively. In short, BA was tested for its cytotoxic properties and antiviral effect through virus yield reduction and virucidal activity in both cells. Results showed that BA 20µg mL -1 and 15µg mL -1 were the maximal non-cytotoxic concentration (MNCC) to VERO and MDBK cells...
de n-PCR e inoculados em células MDBK para observação de efeito citopático. Todos os grupos, com ... more de n-PCR e inoculados em células MDBK para observação de efeito citopático. Todos os grupos, com exceção do CLS, apresentaram resultados positivos para a n-PCR tanto para zigotos quanto para as últimas gotas. Houve a presença de efeito citopático em todos os grupos, exceto no grupo CLS demonstrando a viabilidade do vírus após os tratamentos. Esses resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com tripsina não foi eficaz na eliminação e/ou remoção do BoHV-1. A necessidade de estudos dessa natureza é de fundamental importância ao considerarmos o potencial risco da transmissão de patógenos emergentes e pouco controlados pelas biotécnicas da reprodução, visando, dessa forma, ao controle e à produção de embriões sadios.
A new technique was developed to identify the botanical origin of propolis, a resin-like material... more A new technique was developed to identify the botanical origin of propolis, a resin-like material made by bees by mixing saliva and beeswax with plant buds and exudates, using methacrylate for permanent slide preparation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Propolis samples were fixed in methacrylate to produce permanent slides. The anatomical structures of the plant fragments in the methacrylated propolis were compared with propolis slides prepared using conventional techniques that consist of propolis sediment obtained during a series of solvent reactions, filtration, and centrifugations, which cost a similar amount to produce. The techniques resulted in qualitative differences between the slides obtained. The methacrylated propolis sections allowed the detailed observation and identification of plant anatomical structures that were obscured in samples prepared using the conventional procedure. This clarity enabled the detailed evaluation of valuable taxon-diagnostic characters in a permanent slide, which can also be used for histochemical tests. CONCLUSIONS: The methacrylated embedding of propolis is an affordable technique that could be implemented as a routine laboratory procedure. This new technique enables the efficient determination of the botanical origin of propolis.
sacbrood disease / sacbrood-like disease / toxic pollen / africanized bee / Stryphnodendron Since... more sacbrood disease / sacbrood-like disease / toxic pollen / africanized bee / Stryphnodendron Since 1983, many samples of diseased brood, mainly from southeastern states, have been diagnosed as sacbrood-like disease in Brazil. This disease has caused serious losses to beekeepers who in some cases, have lost all their colonies in less than one month (Message, 1997). The main symptoms are the following: the larvae fail to pupate and remain stretched on their backs, with their heads towards the cell capping. Fluid then accumulates between the body of the diseased larva and its unshed skin, and the body color of the larva changes from pearly white to a pale yellow. After it has died, it becomes dark brown over a few days. The head and thoracic regions darken first, and finally the larva dries down to a flattened gondola-shaped scale, as described by Bailey and Ball (1991) for the sacbrood disease caused by the 30 nm viral particle SBV (Bailey et al., 1964).
The digestibility of pollen grains consumed by Apis mellifera workers during one year in the micr... more The digestibility of pollen grains consumed by Apis mellifera workers during one year in the microregion of Vicosa, MG, Brazil was analyzed. In total 80% was digested, 5% was undigested and 15% was broken pollen. Therefore the useful rate by bees was high and there was not significant difference among the three hives sampled suggesting that there is not relationship between the low honey flow period with the use of protein resources at Vicosa microregion. The predominant pollen species during the year were of families Myrtaceae and Poaceae. Sometimes the pollen consumed by worker bees were different from those found in the flowers on a determined year period which is to be expected as young bees feed on pollen grains stored in the hive.
Rômulo Sátiro de Medeiros, D.S., Federal University of Viçosa, November 2005. Benefits of feeding... more Rômulo Sátiro de Medeiros, D.S., Federal University of Viçosa, November 2005. Benefits of feeding on Eucalyptus cloeziana and Psidium guajava plants in the field for the predator Brontocoris tabidus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Adviser: José Cola Zanuncio. Committee Members: José Eduardo Serrão, Teresinha Vinha Zanuncio, Evaldo Ferreira Vilela e Dejair Message. The objective of this work was to study the reproduction of Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with or without plants of Eucalyptus cloeziana or Psidium guajava fed with Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae in field at 21.16 1.52 C, relative humidity of 77.88 0.98% and photo phase of 11.61 0.26 hours and to evaluate the effect of the duration of the nymph stage and the weight on the fecundity and longevity of this predator. The fecundity of B. tabidus increased in 3.5 and 2.9 times in the treatments with plants of E. cloeziana and P. guajava respectively than without them. ...
José Salazar Zanuncio Junior, D.Sc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa, July 2007. Predatory ability... more José Salazar Zanuncio Junior, D.Sc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa, July 2007. Predatory ability of Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Adviser: José Cola Zanuncio. Co-Advisers: Dejair Message, José Eduardo Serrão and Teresinha Vinha Zanuncio. The predator Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) it commonly found in agricultural and forest systems. The predatory capacity and the reproduction of P. nigrispinus, descending from a mass rearing with the alternative prey Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) or the natural one Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were studied at different densities of the velvetbean caterpillars on soybean plants in a greenhouse. Offspring females of P. nigripinus reared with the alternative or the natural one presented functional response of types II and III, respectively. This indicates a possible effect of conditioning this predator and thus i...
Fornecimento de substituto de pólen na redução da mortalidade de Apis mellifera L. causada pela C... more Fornecimento de substituto de pólen na redução da mortalidade de Apis mellifera L. causada pela Cria Ensacada Brasileira Pollen substitute on the reduction of Apis mellifera L. mortality caused by Brazilian Sac Brood Recebido para publicação 14.08.09 Aprovado em 02.08.11 Devolvido pelo autor 06.09.11 CR-2340 RESUMO A cria ensacada brasileira é uma das piores enfermidades de abelhas Apis m ellifera L. africanizadas, principalmente do Sudeste do Brasil. Ela afeta o desenvolvimento das larvas, após serem alimentadas pelas abelhas nutrizes com o pólen do barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum e Stryphnodendron adstringens), ocasionando a morte entre os estágios de pré-pupa e pupa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do substituto de pólen na redução da mortalidade da cria ensacada brasileira durante o florescimento do Stryphnodendron adstringens. Foram utilizados dois tratamentos: as colmeias do tratamento 1 receberam semanalmente substituto de pólen (mistura de farinha de soja, fubá e farinha de trigo em proporções iguais). As colmeias do tratamento 2 não receberam o substituto de pólen, tendo como único alimento o pólen que encontravam na natureza. As colmeias alimentadas apresentaram diferença significativa de 93,5% de viabilidade de sobrevivência de cria em relação às não alimentadas, que apresentaram 80,4% de sobrevivência. A frequência de pólen S. adstringens nos coletores de pólen, no tratamento 1, foi 0,21. Entretanto, no Tratamento 2, foi de 4,38, indicando que as colmeias que não se alimentaram com o substituto apresentaram maior frequência do pólen dessa planta, quando comparadas com as que dispunham da dieta artificial. Esse manejo sugere que a oferta do substituto de pólen, antes e durante a florada do Stryphnodendron adstringens, é importante na redução dos efeitos da cria ensacada brasileira em enxames de abelhas africanizadas.
Alternative approaches including metagenomic and genetic screening can be extremely useful and ca... more Alternative approaches including metagenomic and genetic screening can be extremely useful and can accelerate important discoveries related to a current phenomenon wich affect honey bees around the world (characterized by the depopulation or sudden losses of hives). To determi- ne possible causes for the decline in honey bee colonies from southeastern Brazil, and in particular to test the likelihoods of specific predicted causative agent(s) for this condition, a diverse set of analyses were proposed. These analyses form part of a more extensive Epidemiological Evaluation Program for bees in southeastern Brazil. Here we present an overview about part of this Program. Three viruses were identified (Acute Bee Paralysis Virus - ABPV, Black Queen Cell Virus - BQCV, and Deformed Wing Virus - DWV) in 1,920 analyzed bees, and a multiplex RT-PCR assay was developed and validated. Although strategy adopted to analyze data in details is still being evaluated and prepared by the authors, the fi...
Resumen pt: Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a causa de uma doenca que levava a mumific... more Resumen pt: Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a causa de uma doenca que levava a mumificacao de larvas de abelhas Apis mellifera em colonias no apiario d...
Previous studies suggested that the Brazilian sac brood disease (BSB) may be caused by some conte... more Previous studies suggested that the Brazilian sac brood disease (BSB) may be caused by some content present in the ethanol soluble extract from pollen grains of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, plant species containing high level of tannin. Bioassays showed that larvae of honeybee Apis mellifera present signals of BSB disease when fed on diet containing tannic acid. This study investigated the effect of diet containing tannic acid on the midgut epithelium of A. mellifera larvae. Bee larvae were fed at field and laboratory conditions with artificial food. Results did not show any morphological changes in the midgut of larvae fed on diet containing tannic acid.
As abelhas constituem um importante componente da natureza principalmente por garantirem a polini... more As abelhas constituem um importante componente da natureza principalmente por garantirem a polinização de inúmeras espécies vegetais e, se bem manejadas, possibilitam grandes lucros aos produtores. Das enfermidades apícolas, a nosemose figura como uma doença fúngica que ganhou grande importância na apicultura brasileira por ter reaparecido com uma agente de potencial virulência denominado Nosema ceranae. Este parasita intracelular obrigatório age infectando desde insetos até mamíferos vertebrados e, em abelhas Apis, infecta essencialmente células do sistema digestivo. Dada a importância econômica e sanitária que a nosemose pode adquirir, fazse necessário a identificação das áreas afetadas e qual a espécie de Nosema spp envolvida nos Estados brasileiros, na tentativa de traçar um perfil epidemiológico eficaz da doença, e considerar estratégias que limitem seus efeitos na colônia. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a presença de Nosema spp em cidades do Estado do ...
There is an increasing need for substances with antiviral activity since the treatment of viral i... more There is an increasing need for substances with antiviral activity since the treatment of viral infections with most antivirals is often unsatisfactory due to the problem of, amongst other things, viral latency and the likelihood of new viral agents arising. Previously we isolated bauer-7-en-3-yl acetate (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained from the chloroform extract of an sample of propolis from southeast Brazil (TEIXEIRA, et al., 2006). Here we investigated the antiviral activity of BA against the alphaherpesviruses bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and pseudorabiesvirus (SuHV-1, suid herpesvirus) during infection of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) and African green monkey kidney (VERO) cells cultures, respectively. In short, BA was tested for its cytotoxic properties and antiviral effect through virus yield reduction and virucidal activity in both cells. Results showed that BA 20µg mL -1 and 15µg mL -1 were the maximal non-cytotoxic concentration (MNCC) to VERO and MDBK cells...
de n-PCR e inoculados em células MDBK para observação de efeito citopático. Todos os grupos, com ... more de n-PCR e inoculados em células MDBK para observação de efeito citopático. Todos os grupos, com exceção do CLS, apresentaram resultados positivos para a n-PCR tanto para zigotos quanto para as últimas gotas. Houve a presença de efeito citopático em todos os grupos, exceto no grupo CLS demonstrando a viabilidade do vírus após os tratamentos. Esses resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com tripsina não foi eficaz na eliminação e/ou remoção do BoHV-1. A necessidade de estudos dessa natureza é de fundamental importância ao considerarmos o potencial risco da transmissão de patógenos emergentes e pouco controlados pelas biotécnicas da reprodução, visando, dessa forma, ao controle e à produção de embriões sadios.
A new technique was developed to identify the botanical origin of propolis, a resin-like material... more A new technique was developed to identify the botanical origin of propolis, a resin-like material made by bees by mixing saliva and beeswax with plant buds and exudates, using methacrylate for permanent slide preparation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Propolis samples were fixed in methacrylate to produce permanent slides. The anatomical structures of the plant fragments in the methacrylated propolis were compared with propolis slides prepared using conventional techniques that consist of propolis sediment obtained during a series of solvent reactions, filtration, and centrifugations, which cost a similar amount to produce. The techniques resulted in qualitative differences between the slides obtained. The methacrylated propolis sections allowed the detailed observation and identification of plant anatomical structures that were obscured in samples prepared using the conventional procedure. This clarity enabled the detailed evaluation of valuable taxon-diagnostic characters in a permanent slide, which can also be used for histochemical tests. CONCLUSIONS: The methacrylated embedding of propolis is an affordable technique that could be implemented as a routine laboratory procedure. This new technique enables the efficient determination of the botanical origin of propolis.
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