The terms susceptibility, exposure, infectiousness, and recovered all have some inherent ambiguit... more The terms susceptibility, exposure, infectiousness, and recovered all have some inherent ambiguity because different population members have different susceptibility levels, exposure levels, infectiousness levels, and recovery patterns. This uncertainty becomes more pronounced when examining population subgroups characterized by distinct behaviors, cultural norms, and varying degrees of resilience across different age brackets, thereby introducing the possibility of fluctuations. There is a need for more accurate models that take into account the various levels of susceptibility, exposure, infectiousness, and recovery of the individuals. A fuzzy SEIR model of the dynamics of the measles disease is discussed in this article. The rates of disease transmission and recovery are treated as fuzzy sets. Three distinct numerical approaches, the forward Euler, fourth-order Runge-Kutta, and nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) are employed for the resolution of this fuzzy SEIR model. Next, th...
This current work presents an SEIQR model with fuzzy parameters. The use of fuzzy theory helps us... more This current work presents an SEIQR model with fuzzy parameters. The use of fuzzy theory helps us to solve the problems of quantifying uncertainty in the mathematical modeling of diseases. The fuzzy reproduction number and fuzzy equilibrium points have been derived focusing on a model in a specific group of people having a triangular membership function. Moreover, a fuzzy non-standard finite difference (FNSFD) method for the model is developed. The stability of the proposed method is discussed in a fuzzy sense. A numerical verification for the proposed model is presented. The developed FNSFD scheme is a reliable method and preserves all the essential features of a continuous dynamical system.
An innovative technique of NPCS are being used in engineering, computer sciences and natural scie... more An innovative technique of NPCS are being used in engineering, computer sciences and natural sciences field to solve PDEs and ODEs Problems. There are many problems not having exact solution or not much stable and convergent exact solution, to solve such problem one apply different approximation, iterative and many other methods. The developed technique is one of them and implemented on some homogeneous parabolic PDEs of different dimensions and getting results will compare with exact solution and one other existing method, by tabular and graphically as well. Graphs and Mathematical result are found by using MATHEMATICA. Copyright(c) The Authors
Naji et al. introduced the leap Zagreb indices of a graph in 2017 which are new distance-degree-b... more Naji et al. introduced the leap Zagreb indices of a graph in 2017 which are new distance-degree-based topological indices conceived depending on the second degree of vertices. In this paper, we have defined the first and second leap reduced reciprocal Randic index and leap reduced second Zagreb index for selected wheel related graphs.
Lead-free perovskite gained much more attention of researchers in the field of electronics and ph... more Lead-free perovskite gained much more attention of researchers in the field of electronics and photovoltaics due to the toxicity issue of the lead-based perovskite. Using first principle approach based on density functional theory (DFT), the electronic and optical properties of methylammonium tin halide (MTH) perovskite ASnX3 (A = CH3NH3, X = Cl, Br, I) is calculated, the key material for optoelectronic applications, especially for solar cells. The halide contents control the electronic and optical characteristics of material such as orbitals, density of states and optical conductivity. We have identified orbitals consisting of valence and conduction band. Furthermore, the compound ASnI3 shows a suitable band gap than all others compound which makes him suitable candidate for solar cells application.
The terms susceptibility, exposure, infectiousness, and recovered all have some inherent ambiguit... more The terms susceptibility, exposure, infectiousness, and recovered all have some inherent ambiguity because different population members have different susceptibility levels, exposure levels, infectiousness levels, and recovery patterns. This uncertainty becomes more pronounced when examining population subgroups characterized by distinct behaviors, cultural norms, and varying degrees of resilience across different age brackets, thereby introducing the possibility of fluctuations. There is a need for more accurate models that take into account the various levels of susceptibility, exposure, infectiousness, and recovery of the individuals. A fuzzy SEIR model of the dynamics of the measles disease is discussed in this article. The rates of disease transmission and recovery are treated as fuzzy sets. Three distinct numerical approaches, the forward Euler, fourth-order Runge-Kutta, and nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) are employed for the resolution of this fuzzy SEIR model. Next, th...
This current work presents an SEIQR model with fuzzy parameters. The use of fuzzy theory helps us... more This current work presents an SEIQR model with fuzzy parameters. The use of fuzzy theory helps us to solve the problems of quantifying uncertainty in the mathematical modeling of diseases. The fuzzy reproduction number and fuzzy equilibrium points have been derived focusing on a model in a specific group of people having a triangular membership function. Moreover, a fuzzy non-standard finite difference (FNSFD) method for the model is developed. The stability of the proposed method is discussed in a fuzzy sense. A numerical verification for the proposed model is presented. The developed FNSFD scheme is a reliable method and preserves all the essential features of a continuous dynamical system.
An innovative technique of NPCS are being used in engineering, computer sciences and natural scie... more An innovative technique of NPCS are being used in engineering, computer sciences and natural sciences field to solve PDEs and ODEs Problems. There are many problems not having exact solution or not much stable and convergent exact solution, to solve such problem one apply different approximation, iterative and many other methods. The developed technique is one of them and implemented on some homogeneous parabolic PDEs of different dimensions and getting results will compare with exact solution and one other existing method, by tabular and graphically as well. Graphs and Mathematical result are found by using MATHEMATICA. Copyright(c) The Authors
Naji et al. introduced the leap Zagreb indices of a graph in 2017 which are new distance-degree-b... more Naji et al. introduced the leap Zagreb indices of a graph in 2017 which are new distance-degree-based topological indices conceived depending on the second degree of vertices. In this paper, we have defined the first and second leap reduced reciprocal Randic index and leap reduced second Zagreb index for selected wheel related graphs.
Lead-free perovskite gained much more attention of researchers in the field of electronics and ph... more Lead-free perovskite gained much more attention of researchers in the field of electronics and photovoltaics due to the toxicity issue of the lead-based perovskite. Using first principle approach based on density functional theory (DFT), the electronic and optical properties of methylammonium tin halide (MTH) perovskite ASnX3 (A = CH3NH3, X = Cl, Br, I) is calculated, the key material for optoelectronic applications, especially for solar cells. The halide contents control the electronic and optical characteristics of material such as orbitals, density of states and optical conductivity. We have identified orbitals consisting of valence and conduction band. Furthermore, the compound ASnI3 shows a suitable band gap than all others compound which makes him suitable candidate for solar cells application.
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