Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Introduction: Hypoglycemia and anemia are associated with diabetes mellitus. Medicinal plants and... more Introduction: Hypoglycemia and anemia are associated with diabetes mellitus. Medicinal plants and orthodox drugs have been used for the management of this disease. This study aimed to validate the ethnomedical claims of Terminalia catappa Linn. leaf extract in reducing hyperglycemia and hematological potentials in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and to identify likely antidiabetic compounds. Materials and methods: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the various phytochemical constituents. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups containing 6 rats per group. Group 1 (control) received 0.2 ml/kg of distilled water, group 2 received 130 mg/kg of T. catappa aqueous extract, groups 3-5 were diabetic and received 0.2 ml/g distilled water, 130 mg/kg T. catappa extract and 0.75 IU/kg insulin respectively for 14 days. Hematological parameters were measured and an oral glucose tolerance test was carried out using 2 g/kg body weight glucose. A histolo...
5 Daniel U. Owu, Nelson N. Orie, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha,Lucie H. 6 Clapp, Eme E. Osim 7 8 1 BHF ... more 5 Daniel U. Owu, Nelson N. Orie, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha,Lucie H. 6 Clapp, Eme E. Osim 7 8 1 BHF Laboratories, Rayne Building, Department of Medicine, University College London, UK 9 2 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, 10 Jamaica 11 3 Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, 12 Nigeria. 13 14 15 16 . 17 ABSTRACT 18 Background:Diabetes mellitus is associated with many cardiovascular dysfunction and impairment of potassium channel function. Aim: We compared the vascular reactivity in aorta from streptozotocin-induced and Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic ratto potassium channel openers. Methodology:Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 65 mg/kg body weight. After four weeks of DM, vascular reactivity of the aortic rings from STZ-induced Sprague Dawley and age-matched GK and control rats to phenylephrine, acetylcholine...
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2021
Prof Eme E. Osim served Editor-in-Chief of Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences between 199... more Prof Eme E. Osim served Editor-in-Chief of Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences between 1999 and 2009. This tribute highlights his immense contributions to the development of the journal and academia.
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2020
Vitamin E has been used as antioxidant and in the treatment of various ailments due to oxidative ... more Vitamin E has been used as antioxidant and in the treatment of various ailments due to oxidative stress. The cardio-protective effect of vitamin E in dexamethasone induced oxidative stress was studied. Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 rats each. Control group received normal rat chow. Oxidative stress was induced using 30µg/kg body weight of dexamethasone (DEX) intraperitonealy in DEX+Vit E and DEX only groups while Vitamin E was administered orally at a dose of 300 IU/kg to Vitamin E only group and DEX+Vit E group daily for 14 days. All animals were fed ad libitum and had free access to water. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture for biochemical analyses while heart and kidney were processed for histological staining. The result shows a significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum nitric oxide, bilirubin and superoxide dismutase concentration in DEX-only group which was elevated following vitamin E treatment. The angiotensin converting enzyme a...
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2016
Hepatitis B (HBsAg) and C (HCV) virus are becoming a significant causative factors in the aetiolo... more Hepatitis B (HBsAg) and C (HCV) virus are becoming a significant causative factors in the aetiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) worldwide. However, the information on the frequency of HBsAg and HCV virus co-infection in CLD is sparsely reported in Nigeria. In this study, we assessed the frequency of HBsAg and HCV co-infection in CLD. One hundred and eleven subjects aged 19 - 76 years, comprising of 76 CLD patients and 35 apparently healthy subjects without CLD were tested for both HBsAg and HCV virus antibodies using ELISA test kits. Out of the 111 subjects recruited for this study, 76 (68.5%) were CLD patients tested positive for HBsAg and 35 (31.5%) tested negative for HBsAg and served as control. Out of the 76 CLD patients that tested positive for HBsAg, 34 (44.7%) of them also tested positive for HCV, thus, having co-infection with HBV. Incidence of co-infection was highest in those aged 36 - 45 years, and greater in males than females. Among the control group, 4 (11.4%) of t...
Objectives: Rothmannia hispida (R. hispida) is used in West African traditional medicine for the ... more Objectives: Rothmannia hispida (R. hispida) is used in West African traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as fever, dysentery, skin infections, abdominal pain and diabetes mellitus. To elucidate the pharmacological basis of the antidiabetic efficacy of this plant drug, the effect of R. hispida on insulin and alpha amylase levels were examined in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Method: Diabetic rats were treated with leaf extract of R. hipida at dose levels of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg respectively. The concentration of insulin in serum samples was estimated using Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) method using insulin kit (Syntron Bioresearch, USA), alpha amylase levels were estimated using routine biochemical procedures. Results: Treatment of alloxan diabetic rats with leaf extract of R. hipida significantly (p<0.001) reduced hyperglycaemia, significantly (p<0.001) attenuated alloxan-induced hypoinsulinaemia and significantly (p<0.01) increase...
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2019
Background Gongronema latifolium Benth. (family Apocynaceae) leaves (GL) has interesting medicina... more Background Gongronema latifolium Benth. (family Apocynaceae) leaves (GL) has interesting medicinal properties. The effects of extracts from G. latifolium on blood pressure (BP) and the possible mechanisms of action were also investigated. Methods The ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis was used to identify the phytochemicals present. Normotensive Wistar rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, and the jugular vein was cannulated for infusion of drugs while the carotid artery was cannulated for direct BP measurement. GL extract (5–20 mg) alone or with nifedipine (10 mg/kg), atropine (2 mg/kg), L-NAME (5 mg/kg), methyl blue (3 mg/kg) and propranolol (1 mg/kg) were administered intravenously to Wistar rats and direct BP measurements were carried out. Results Systolic and diastolic BP levels (128/90 mm Hg; MAP 103 ± 3 mm Hg) and heart rates were all significantly (p < 0.01) decreased after GL administration. Raised me...
Gongronema latifolium (GL) has been used traditionally in the management of various ailments. The... more Gongronema latifolium (GL) has been used traditionally in the management of various ailments. The effects of GL on some haematological and biochemical parameters in fructose-induced hyperglycaemia were studied. Forty rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 rats each. Control was received normal rat chow, fructose + G. latifolium group was received 66% D-fructose mixed with 34% chow and crude leaf extract of GL daily. Fructose only group was received 66% D-fructose and the fourth group was received GL extract only respectively for 30 days. All animals were fed ad libitum and had free access to water. Oral blood glucose tolerance test was determined using 2 g/Kg in all groups of rats and blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture for haematological and biochemical analyses. The blood glucose level was significantly raised in fructose-fed only group (140.6 ± 2.9 mg/dl) when compared to GL + fructose group (110.3 ±5.8 mg/dl) and control (88.1 ± 3.6 mg/dl). There was observ...
Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019
Background: Inflammation is said to be associated with hyperglycaemia and is implicated in the co... more Background: Inflammation is said to be associated with hyperglycaemia and is implicated in the complications of diabetes. Aim: This study was designed to investigate the level of some inflammatory markers in blood of diabetic rats administered with aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa and exogenous insulin. Materials and Methods: Thirty five (35) Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 served as the control and received 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water and group 2 received orally, 130/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. Groups 3 (diabetic only), 4 (diabetic + extract) and 5 (diabetic + insulin) were administered 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution intraperitoneally to induce diabetes and blood glucose levels ≥200 mg/dl after 72 hours were considered diabetic. Then 5 ml/kg bodyweight of distilled water, 130 mg/kg body weight of Terminalia catappa leaf extract was given orally and 0.75U/kg body weight of insulin was ...
ABSTRACT Intake of thermally oxidized palm oil leads to cytotoxicity and alteration of the potass... more ABSTRACT Intake of thermally oxidized palm oil leads to cytotoxicity and alteration of the potassium ion channel function. This study investigated the effects of fresh and thermally oxidized palm oil diets on blood pressure and potassium ion channel function in blood pressure regulation. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight rats. Control group received normal feed; fresh palm oil (FPO) and thermally oxidized palm oil (TPO) groups were fed a diet mixed with 15% (weight/weight) fresh palm oil and five times heated palm oil, respectively, for 16 weeks. Blood pressure was measured; blood samples, hearts, and aortas were collected for biochemical and histological analyses. Thermally oxidized palm oil significantly elevated basal mean arterial pressure (MAP). Glibenclamide (10−5 mmol/L) and tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10−3 mmol/L) significantly raised blood pressure in TPO compared with FPO and control groups. Levcromakalim (10−6 mmol/L) significantly (p < .01) reduced MAP by 32.0% in FPO and by 5.4% in TPO. NS1619 (10 mmol/L) significantly (p < .01) decreased MAP by 19.5% in FPO and by 8% in TPO. The TPO significantly (p < 0.01) increased the tissue levels of peroxide, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol while catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly (p < .01) decreased compared with control and FPO groups. Histological alterations were prominent in aortas and hearts of rats in the TPO group. These results suggest that prolonged consumption of repeatedly heated palm oil increases MAP probably due to the attenuation of adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium (KATP) and large-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (BKCa) channels, tissue peroxidation, and altered histological structures of the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Introduction: Hypoglycemia and anemia are associated with diabetes mellitus. Medicinal plants and... more Introduction: Hypoglycemia and anemia are associated with diabetes mellitus. Medicinal plants and orthodox drugs have been used for the management of this disease. This study aimed to validate the ethnomedical claims of Terminalia catappa Linn. leaf extract in reducing hyperglycemia and hematological potentials in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and to identify likely antidiabetic compounds. Materials and methods: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the various phytochemical constituents. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups containing 6 rats per group. Group 1 (control) received 0.2 ml/kg of distilled water, group 2 received 130 mg/kg of T. catappa aqueous extract, groups 3-5 were diabetic and received 0.2 ml/g distilled water, 130 mg/kg T. catappa extract and 0.75 IU/kg insulin respectively for 14 days. Hematological parameters were measured and an oral glucose tolerance test was carried out using 2 g/kg body weight glucose. A histolo...
5 Daniel U. Owu, Nelson N. Orie, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha,Lucie H. 6 Clapp, Eme E. Osim 7 8 1 BHF ... more 5 Daniel U. Owu, Nelson N. Orie, Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha,Lucie H. 6 Clapp, Eme E. Osim 7 8 1 BHF Laboratories, Rayne Building, Department of Medicine, University College London, UK 9 2 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, 10 Jamaica 11 3 Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, 12 Nigeria. 13 14 15 16 . 17 ABSTRACT 18 Background:Diabetes mellitus is associated with many cardiovascular dysfunction and impairment of potassium channel function. Aim: We compared the vascular reactivity in aorta from streptozotocin-induced and Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic ratto potassium channel openers. Methodology:Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 65 mg/kg body weight. After four weeks of DM, vascular reactivity of the aortic rings from STZ-induced Sprague Dawley and age-matched GK and control rats to phenylephrine, acetylcholine...
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2021
Prof Eme E. Osim served Editor-in-Chief of Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences between 199... more Prof Eme E. Osim served Editor-in-Chief of Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences between 1999 and 2009. This tribute highlights his immense contributions to the development of the journal and academia.
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2020
Vitamin E has been used as antioxidant and in the treatment of various ailments due to oxidative ... more Vitamin E has been used as antioxidant and in the treatment of various ailments due to oxidative stress. The cardio-protective effect of vitamin E in dexamethasone induced oxidative stress was studied. Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 rats each. Control group received normal rat chow. Oxidative stress was induced using 30µg/kg body weight of dexamethasone (DEX) intraperitonealy in DEX+Vit E and DEX only groups while Vitamin E was administered orally at a dose of 300 IU/kg to Vitamin E only group and DEX+Vit E group daily for 14 days. All animals were fed ad libitum and had free access to water. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture for biochemical analyses while heart and kidney were processed for histological staining. The result shows a significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum nitric oxide, bilirubin and superoxide dismutase concentration in DEX-only group which was elevated following vitamin E treatment. The angiotensin converting enzyme a...
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2016
Hepatitis B (HBsAg) and C (HCV) virus are becoming a significant causative factors in the aetiolo... more Hepatitis B (HBsAg) and C (HCV) virus are becoming a significant causative factors in the aetiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) worldwide. However, the information on the frequency of HBsAg and HCV virus co-infection in CLD is sparsely reported in Nigeria. In this study, we assessed the frequency of HBsAg and HCV co-infection in CLD. One hundred and eleven subjects aged 19 - 76 years, comprising of 76 CLD patients and 35 apparently healthy subjects without CLD were tested for both HBsAg and HCV virus antibodies using ELISA test kits. Out of the 111 subjects recruited for this study, 76 (68.5%) were CLD patients tested positive for HBsAg and 35 (31.5%) tested negative for HBsAg and served as control. Out of the 76 CLD patients that tested positive for HBsAg, 34 (44.7%) of them also tested positive for HCV, thus, having co-infection with HBV. Incidence of co-infection was highest in those aged 36 - 45 years, and greater in males than females. Among the control group, 4 (11.4%) of t...
Objectives: Rothmannia hispida (R. hispida) is used in West African traditional medicine for the ... more Objectives: Rothmannia hispida (R. hispida) is used in West African traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as fever, dysentery, skin infections, abdominal pain and diabetes mellitus. To elucidate the pharmacological basis of the antidiabetic efficacy of this plant drug, the effect of R. hispida on insulin and alpha amylase levels were examined in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Method: Diabetic rats were treated with leaf extract of R. hipida at dose levels of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg respectively. The concentration of insulin in serum samples was estimated using Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) method using insulin kit (Syntron Bioresearch, USA), alpha amylase levels were estimated using routine biochemical procedures. Results: Treatment of alloxan diabetic rats with leaf extract of R. hipida significantly (p<0.001) reduced hyperglycaemia, significantly (p<0.001) attenuated alloxan-induced hypoinsulinaemia and significantly (p<0.01) increase...
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2019
Background Gongronema latifolium Benth. (family Apocynaceae) leaves (GL) has interesting medicina... more Background Gongronema latifolium Benth. (family Apocynaceae) leaves (GL) has interesting medicinal properties. The effects of extracts from G. latifolium on blood pressure (BP) and the possible mechanisms of action were also investigated. Methods The ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis was used to identify the phytochemicals present. Normotensive Wistar rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, and the jugular vein was cannulated for infusion of drugs while the carotid artery was cannulated for direct BP measurement. GL extract (5–20 mg) alone or with nifedipine (10 mg/kg), atropine (2 mg/kg), L-NAME (5 mg/kg), methyl blue (3 mg/kg) and propranolol (1 mg/kg) were administered intravenously to Wistar rats and direct BP measurements were carried out. Results Systolic and diastolic BP levels (128/90 mm Hg; MAP 103 ± 3 mm Hg) and heart rates were all significantly (p < 0.01) decreased after GL administration. Raised me...
Gongronema latifolium (GL) has been used traditionally in the management of various ailments. The... more Gongronema latifolium (GL) has been used traditionally in the management of various ailments. The effects of GL on some haematological and biochemical parameters in fructose-induced hyperglycaemia were studied. Forty rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 rats each. Control was received normal rat chow, fructose + G. latifolium group was received 66% D-fructose mixed with 34% chow and crude leaf extract of GL daily. Fructose only group was received 66% D-fructose and the fourth group was received GL extract only respectively for 30 days. All animals were fed ad libitum and had free access to water. Oral blood glucose tolerance test was determined using 2 g/Kg in all groups of rats and blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture for haematological and biochemical analyses. The blood glucose level was significantly raised in fructose-fed only group (140.6 ± 2.9 mg/dl) when compared to GL + fructose group (110.3 ±5.8 mg/dl) and control (88.1 ± 3.6 mg/dl). There was observ...
Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019
Background: Inflammation is said to be associated with hyperglycaemia and is implicated in the co... more Background: Inflammation is said to be associated with hyperglycaemia and is implicated in the complications of diabetes. Aim: This study was designed to investigate the level of some inflammatory markers in blood of diabetic rats administered with aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa and exogenous insulin. Materials and Methods: Thirty five (35) Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 served as the control and received 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water and group 2 received orally, 130/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. Groups 3 (diabetic only), 4 (diabetic + extract) and 5 (diabetic + insulin) were administered 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution intraperitoneally to induce diabetes and blood glucose levels ≥200 mg/dl after 72 hours were considered diabetic. Then 5 ml/kg bodyweight of distilled water, 130 mg/kg body weight of Terminalia catappa leaf extract was given orally and 0.75U/kg body weight of insulin was ...
ABSTRACT Intake of thermally oxidized palm oil leads to cytotoxicity and alteration of the potass... more ABSTRACT Intake of thermally oxidized palm oil leads to cytotoxicity and alteration of the potassium ion channel function. This study investigated the effects of fresh and thermally oxidized palm oil diets on blood pressure and potassium ion channel function in blood pressure regulation. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight rats. Control group received normal feed; fresh palm oil (FPO) and thermally oxidized palm oil (TPO) groups were fed a diet mixed with 15% (weight/weight) fresh palm oil and five times heated palm oil, respectively, for 16 weeks. Blood pressure was measured; blood samples, hearts, and aortas were collected for biochemical and histological analyses. Thermally oxidized palm oil significantly elevated basal mean arterial pressure (MAP). Glibenclamide (10−5 mmol/L) and tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10−3 mmol/L) significantly raised blood pressure in TPO compared with FPO and control groups. Levcromakalim (10−6 mmol/L) significantly (p < .01) reduced MAP by 32.0% in FPO and by 5.4% in TPO. NS1619 (10 mmol/L) significantly (p < .01) decreased MAP by 19.5% in FPO and by 8% in TPO. The TPO significantly (p < 0.01) increased the tissue levels of peroxide, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol while catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly (p < .01) decreased compared with control and FPO groups. Histological alterations were prominent in aortas and hearts of rats in the TPO group. These results suggest that prolonged consumption of repeatedly heated palm oil increases MAP probably due to the attenuation of adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium (KATP) and large-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (BKCa) channels, tissue peroxidation, and altered histological structures of the heart and blood vessels.
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Papers by Daniel Udofia