Papers by Damiano Kulundu Manda
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2005
O objetivo deste estudo é calcular os custos e benefícios econômicos decorrentes da eliminação do... more O objetivo deste estudo é calcular os custos e benefícios econômicos decorrentes da eliminação do trabalho infantil no Brasil. Na análise foram considerados os seguintes custos: custo de prover escolas públicas do ensino fundamental com um nível adequado de qualidade; custo de oportunidade de eliminar o trabalho infantil, isto é, o valor do trabalho da criança; e o custo de eliminar trabalhos perigosos e que possam causar danos psicológicos e/ou à saúde das crianças e jovens. Do lado do benefício, calculamos os ganhos econômicos resultantes de uma população mais educada e mais saudável, já que a eliminação do trabalho perigoso e o aumento do nível de escolaridade resultam em benefícios à saúde. Os custos somaram 7 bilhões de dólares e o valor obtido para os benefícios foi de 35 bilhões de dólares PPP, mostrando que os benefícios superam os custos. Palavras-chave: trabalho infantil, análise de custo e benefício, educação.
The Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, 2004
The Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA), 2004
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Page 1. Human Capital Externalities and Returns to Education in Kenya Damiano Kulundu Manda Germa... more Page 1. Human Capital Externalities and Returns to Education in Kenya Damiano Kulundu Manda Germano Mwabu Mwangi S. Kimenyi Social Sector Division Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis KIPPRA Discussion Paper No. 13 April 2002 Page 2. ...
The results from studies on poverty in Kenya show that the poverty situation has deteriorated ove... more The results from studies on poverty in Kenya show that the poverty situation has deteriorated overtime and especially in the 1990s. The deterioration in living standards in the country is reflected in the rising number of people without food, inadequate access to ...
Journal of International Development, Dec 19, 2003
Since the 1980s, Kenya has been gradually integrating with the global economy. Using both industr... more Since the 1980s, Kenya has been gradually integrating with the global economy. Using both industry‐level and firm‐level data, the paper examines the effects of globalization on employment and earnings in the Kenyan manufacturing sector. The industry‐level analysis suggests that the overall effect of international trade on manufacturing employment has been negative in the 1990s. The firm‐level analysis indicates that less skilled workers experienced losses in earnings, and that the inequality in earnings between skilled and unskilled workers increased during this period. This suggests that globalization has been associated with adverse labour market outcomes in Kenya. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journal of African Economies, 2014
Journal of African Economies, 2014
Despite progress made towards achieving gender equality in African countries for instance by rati... more Despite progress made towards achieving gender equality in African countries for instance by ratification of international and regional conventions and commitments by African countries, gender inequality is still prevalent and continues to be a major challenge in Africa. The majority of women work in the informal sector or on small pieces of land and are engaged in care work with little or no pay. Also, women have limited access to credit, land, agricultural inputs, equipment and extension services, as well as markets for their produce than men. Some of the inequities are embedded in the deep-rooted cultural norms and beliefs in the African societies. To some extent, the inequalities can partly be addressed by changing of policies that reinforce gender inequalities as well as formulating and enforcing laws that promote women's economic empowerment. Thus, more comprehensive research work is still required to highlight challenges associated with gender inequality and what needs to be done to move towards reducing gender inequality. The four papers in this journal supplement explore the issue of gender inequality and look at theoretical and empirical relationship between gender and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. The first paper by Seguino and Were is on Gender, Development and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper shows that a shift in emphasis of central bank targets to employment and public investment can help reduce gender gap. The second paper by Cheryl Doss focuses on Collecting Gender Disaggregated Data to Improve Development Policies. Its main finding is that consistent measures of gender asset and wealth gaps provide a means of tracking important dimensions of policies designed to reduce poverty and promote economic growth. The third paper is on Gender and Economic Empowerment in Africa: Evidence and Policy by Naomi Netsayi Wekwete. The paper shows that initiatives that improve women's economic empowerment such as skills training among others promote economic growth and development. Finally, the fourth paper by Nancy Folbre is on The Care Economy in Africa: Subsistence Production and Unpaid Care. The main finding of the paper is that economic policies that reduce the care burden on women with investments that enhance reproductive choice increase the productivity of unpaid work and pool the risks of caring for dependents through social insurance which promotes economic growth by improving the capabilities of both women and children to free up labour time for more remunerative activities.
Journal of African Economies, Jul 30, 2013
Institutions play a very crucial role in service delivery in Africa. The three papers in this iss... more Institutions play a very crucial role in service delivery in Africa. The three papers in this issue explore the role of various institutions, both public and private, in delivering efficient services to promote economic growth. The first paper by Bold and Svensson is on Policies and Institutions for Effective Service Delivery: The Need of a Microeconomic and Micro-Political Approach. The authors review evidence on recent trends and outcomes in the education and health sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on the quality in service provision. The paper views low and ineffective spending on service delivery sectors as a symptom of the underlying institutional environment decay. The paper further argues that a microeconomic approach that explicitly takes political and bureaucratic incentives and constraints into account provides a fruitful, and complementary, way forward. The main finding of the paper is that innovations in the measurement of performance and ability in education and health open up ways to influence the political economic equilibrium. The second paper by Bold, Kimenyi and Sandefur looks at public and private provision of education in Kenya. The authors examine the superior examination performance of private primary schools and elite public secondary schools and test whether this performance reflects causal returns to the school type. The main finding is that, although there is a large increase in primary school enrolment following the introduction of free primary education, the increase is primarily driven by the increase in private school enrolments. The third paper by Blimpo, Harding and Wantchekon focuses on Public Investment in Infrastructure Giving Deliberations on Some Political Economy Considerations. The article constructs a unique data set to study the extent of the relationship between political marginalisation, public investment in transport infrastructure and food security in Benin, Ghana, Mali and Senegal. The main finding of the paper is that political marginalisation indirectly affects food security, via its impact on the quality of transport infrastructure. Moreover, the density of roads per square kilometre has a significant negative relationship to food insecurity. Copyright 2013 , Oxford University Press.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Apr 24, 2017
Despite inconclusive evidence of the impact of agricultural commercialization on smallholder welf... more Despite inconclusive evidence of the impact of agricultural commercialization on smallholder welfare, many developing countries with majority of their population engaged in smallholder agriculture continue to pursue this agricultural transformation process. Past empirical studies have been criticized for methodological flaws and where real negative evidence existed, then this has been attributed to policy failures rather than commercialization process per se. Using panel data collected from Kenya, this study fits an endogenous switching regression model in a correlated random effects framework to analyze impacts of agricultural commercialization on household poverty proxied by annual household per capita expenditure on food and non-food items including own produced and consumed crops and livestock products. The results show that agricultural commercialization significantly increases annual per capita household expenditure among commercialized and non-commercialized had they commercialized. The annual per capita expenditure gap existing between commercialized and non-commercialized households emanates from their differences in amounts of resources owned (57%) and efficiency of using these resources (43%). Closing this expenditure gap (poverty gap) require improving the amount of resources owned and resource use efficiency among non-commercialized households. Therefore, policy options geared toward stimulating and/or enhancing smallholder agricultural commercialization are encourages as a poverty reduction strategy.
This paper uses time series data to analyze the impact of minimum wages on employment in the priv... more This paper uses time series data to analyze the impact of minimum wages on employment in the private and public formal sectors in Kenya. An error correction model is used to analyse the long-run and short-run effect of minimum wage on employment in the two sectors. The results show that minimum wage has a significant negative effect on employment in theformal public sector, both in the short-run and long-run. However, in the private sector, minimum wage has a positive significant effect on employment in the long-run but has no effect on employment in the short-run. Increase in real average wage has a negative effect on employment in the private sector. The results also show that both negaiioe and positive shocks on the economy have an impact on employment. The model shows that short-run disturbances feed into the long-run employment path. The results imply that it is the cumulative effect of minimum wage that has an impact on employment. Thus, limiting the frequency of adjusting minimum wage upwards, such as changing minimum wage after two years instead of changing it every year as currently the practice in Kenya can help minimize the negative impact of minimum wage on employment.
The Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, 2001
The Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA), 2001
The Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, 2004
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Papers by Damiano Kulundu Manda