Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 1986
In a series of experiments designed to obtain axenic growth of several species of vesicular-arbus... more In a series of experiments designed to obtain axenic growth of several species of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi, it was
The present study is a component of a major European research project, ICONZ (Integrated Control ... more The present study is a component of a major European research project, ICONZ (Integrated Control of Neglected Zoonoses). The objective of this component was to implement, and then evaluate an Integrated Control Intervention (ICI) against three dog transmitted zoonoses, namely rabies, visceral leishmaniasis, and cystic echinococcosis. This was undertaken in Sidi Kacem Province (northwestern Morocco) where 22 control and 22 treated douars (villages) were randomly allocated to two control and one evaluation interventions over a period of 13 months. Across the 44 douars, an overall total of 6922 dogs were registered, 4519 were vaccinated against rabies, and 2885 persons attended the complementary health education campaigns; whereas, within the 22 treated douars, 466 dogs received anti-sandfly collars (deltamethrin-impregnated) and 2487 were dewormed (praziquantel). Evaluation of the ICI, revealed that (i) a canine rabies vaccination coverage of 65.0% was achieved, (ii) the use of deltamethrin-impregnated collars for dogs provided highly significant protection (p = 0.01) against leishmaniasis infection of more than 44%, and up to 100% for dogs that had kept the collar until the end of the intervention, (iii) despite a non-significant difference (p>0.05), dog-deworming with praziquantel yielded a reduction in the rate of Echinococcus granulosus infection, and (iv) health education was successful in improving respondents' knowledge; However, the target communities remained unconvinced of the necessity of changing some of their risky behaviours. Lastly, the estimated total cost of the global intervention, including its research components, was US$ 143,050, of which 67% was for disease control work with clear evidence of significant economies of scale due to targeting three diseases together. It appears from this study that the integrated control approach against the three zoonoses was effective on both economic and logistical levels.
We evaluate an integrated health messaging approach for five zoonoses in Morocco. Access and re... more We evaluate an integrated health messaging approach for five zoonoses in Morocco. Access and receptivity at schools was greater than at community level. Information overload occurred when disease transmission pathways did not overlap. Piggy-backing on high-priority diseases generates synergy. Incorporating zoonoses into the school curriculum is an appealing approach.
Annales de recherches vétérinaires. Annals of veterinary research, 1981
Pepsinogen, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations in blood, and pepsin, pH and ionic conc... more Pepsinogen, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations in blood, and pepsin, pH and ionic concentrations in abomasal contents were measured in 4 lambs each fitted with a permanent abomasal cannula infected with 25 000 H. contortus larvae at intervals of 39 days. No significant change in blood sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations occurred after infections while the pepsinogen level increased rapidly to reaching a maximum (600% of control) 7-8 days after infection. This increase was associated with a rise in abomasal pepsin secretion, the pepsin concentration in the contents rising from 7210 to 9220 mU of tyrosine during the same period. This period was characterized by a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in abomasal pH and Na+ concentration whereas the K+ and Cl- concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced. The second infection was associated with similar abomasal ionic changes but of shorter duration. It is likely that the second infection transien...
... It has been detected in Algeria (Benikhlef et al., 2001), France (Pratlong et al., 2004), Ita... more ... It has been detected in Algeria (Benikhlef et al., 2001), France (Pratlong et al., 2004), Italy ( [Bettini et al., 1990] , [Gramiccia et al., 1992] , [Gramiccia et al., 1995] and [Gramiccia, 2003] ), Morocco (Rioux et al., 1996), Portugal (Campino et al., 2006), Spain ( [Jimenez et al., 1995 ...
Among the protozoal infections of dromedaries, trypanosomiasis is by far the most important from ... more Among the protozoal infections of dromedaries, trypanosomiasis is by far the most important from the medical and economic aspects, and it is the most widespread disease. In countries where it occurs, the morbidity rate may reach 30% and the mor tality rate 3 % (68). Before the discovery of specific treatments the mortality rate sometimes reached 90% (44). The disease occurs mainly in Egypt, Chad, Mauritania,
This work was performed to study, in 14 7 month-old male lambs experimentally infected with 14 00... more This work was performed to study, in 14 7 month-old male lambs experimentally infected with 14 000 Haemonchus contortus infective larvae and slaughtered at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h and at 2, 6, 8, 11, 15 and 39 days post-infection (pil: 1, the importance, localisation and nature (with or without sheath) of the worms during the first 24 h pi; 2, the kinetics of the total worm population and of each evolutionary stages from the first to the 39th day pi: 3, the period of emergence of the fourthstage larvae from the mucosae; 4, the topographic distribution of the different evolutionary stages of the parasite in the abomasum. During the first 24 h pi, the total worm population and that of the intramucosal larvae increase in lineary function to time (r = 0.98). After a maximum value, reached between 24 and 48 h pi, the total worm population decreases in lineary function to time (r =-0.94). Only 52 % approximately of the larvae administered develop. One of the reasons is the fact that a proportion of 3rd stage larvae cannot leave their sheath during the rumino-omasal transit. Other limiting factors are discussed. The fourth-stage larvae appear in the mucosae 24 h pi. Their emergence from the mucosae starts between day 1 and 2 pi and increases in intensity from days 2 to 6 pi. The immature adults and the adults are encountered from days 6 and 1 5 pi respectively, and the prepatent period is on average 16 days. During the course of evolution the mucosae of the fundus contains 98-100 % of the thirdstage larvae; 91-100 % of the fourth-stage larvae ; 92-100 % of the immature adults and 88-100 % of the adults. De nombreux travaux ont été consacrés à l'évolution de Haemonchus contortus chez le
Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France, 1983
Des perturbations physiologiques relevées au niveau de l'intestin chez le mouton infesté, expérim... more Des perturbations physiologiques relevées au niveau de l'intestin chez le mouton infesté, expérimentalement, .Msmm par Ostertagia circumcincta par (A.) DAKKAK et (Kh.) KHALLAAYOUNE présentée par M. J. GUILHON* Le temps de transit des digesta dans l'intestin, le débit, le pH et le taux de matières sèches du contenu duodénal ainsi que le taux de celles-ci dans les matières fécales ont été mesurés chez 6 agneaux munis de canules abomasale et duodénale et infestés expérimentalement par 150 000 L3 de O. circumcincta. Le pH subit une augmentation à partir du ge jour de l'infestation. Le débit duodénal augmente (491±41 mJ/h contre 350 ± 34 ml/h), le temps de-transit intestinal diminue (6 h 15 min contre 7 h 15 min) dès le 4e jour de l'infestation. Les taux de matières sèches dans le contenu duodénal et dans les matières fécales diminuent à partir du 6e jour. Toutes ces perturbations s'accentuent entre �e ge et 3ie jour. Elles sont rapportées à ceJJes affectant la perméabilité et les activités sécrétrices de la muqueuse abomasale.
Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 1979
Infestation expérimentale de Cochlicella ventricosa (Draparnaud, 1801) par des larves L1 de Proto... more Infestation expérimentale de Cochlicella ventricosa (Draparnaud, 1801) par des larves L1 de Protostrongylides par J. CABARET et A. DAKKAK
This study was undertaken in the Province of Sidi Kacem in northwest Morocco between April 2010 a... more This study was undertaken in the Province of Sidi Kacem in northwest Morocco between April 2010 and March 2011. The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus (Eg) infection in owned dogs. This province was selected as a case study because of the social conditions, geographic and climatic diversity making it a model representative of many parts of Morocco. The survey was carried out in 23 rural communes and in the 5 municipalities (urban districts) of the Province and sampling was undertaken in randomly selected households. A total of 273 owned dogs comprising 232 from the 23 rural communes (rural dogs) and 41 from the 5 municipalities (urban dogs) were tested. Arecoline hydrobromide purgation was selected as the diagnostic method of choice to enable visualisation of expelled worms by dog owners, thereby imparting messages on the transmission mode of Eg to humans and farm animals. Of the 273 dogs tested, purgation was effective in a total of 224 dogs (82.1%). The overall estimated prevalence of Eg infection was 35.3% (79/224, 95% CI 22.3-47.0%). Dogs inhabiting rural communes were at greater risk of infection (38.0%, 95% CI 31.1-45.3%) than dogs roaming in municipalities or urban areas (18.8%, 95% CI 7.2-36.4%) and the prevalence of infection was higher in those inhabiting rural communes with slaughterhouses (62.7%, 95% CI 48.1-75.9%) than in communes without (29.1%, 95% CI 21.7-37.2%). This first assessment of Eg infection in Sidi Kacem Province indicates a key role of rural slaughterhouses in parasite transmission to dogs.
Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 1986
In a series of experiments designed to obtain axenic growth of several species of vesicular-arbus... more In a series of experiments designed to obtain axenic growth of several species of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi, it was
The present study is a component of a major European research project, ICONZ (Integrated Control ... more The present study is a component of a major European research project, ICONZ (Integrated Control of Neglected Zoonoses). The objective of this component was to implement, and then evaluate an Integrated Control Intervention (ICI) against three dog transmitted zoonoses, namely rabies, visceral leishmaniasis, and cystic echinococcosis. This was undertaken in Sidi Kacem Province (northwestern Morocco) where 22 control and 22 treated douars (villages) were randomly allocated to two control and one evaluation interventions over a period of 13 months. Across the 44 douars, an overall total of 6922 dogs were registered, 4519 were vaccinated against rabies, and 2885 persons attended the complementary health education campaigns; whereas, within the 22 treated douars, 466 dogs received anti-sandfly collars (deltamethrin-impregnated) and 2487 were dewormed (praziquantel). Evaluation of the ICI, revealed that (i) a canine rabies vaccination coverage of 65.0% was achieved, (ii) the use of deltamethrin-impregnated collars for dogs provided highly significant protection (p = 0.01) against leishmaniasis infection of more than 44%, and up to 100% for dogs that had kept the collar until the end of the intervention, (iii) despite a non-significant difference (p>0.05), dog-deworming with praziquantel yielded a reduction in the rate of Echinococcus granulosus infection, and (iv) health education was successful in improving respondents' knowledge; However, the target communities remained unconvinced of the necessity of changing some of their risky behaviours. Lastly, the estimated total cost of the global intervention, including its research components, was US$ 143,050, of which 67% was for disease control work with clear evidence of significant economies of scale due to targeting three diseases together. It appears from this study that the integrated control approach against the three zoonoses was effective on both economic and logistical levels.
We evaluate an integrated health messaging approach for five zoonoses in Morocco. Access and re... more We evaluate an integrated health messaging approach for five zoonoses in Morocco. Access and receptivity at schools was greater than at community level. Information overload occurred when disease transmission pathways did not overlap. Piggy-backing on high-priority diseases generates synergy. Incorporating zoonoses into the school curriculum is an appealing approach.
Annales de recherches vétérinaires. Annals of veterinary research, 1981
Pepsinogen, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations in blood, and pepsin, pH and ionic conc... more Pepsinogen, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations in blood, and pepsin, pH and ionic concentrations in abomasal contents were measured in 4 lambs each fitted with a permanent abomasal cannula infected with 25 000 H. contortus larvae at intervals of 39 days. No significant change in blood sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations occurred after infections while the pepsinogen level increased rapidly to reaching a maximum (600% of control) 7-8 days after infection. This increase was associated with a rise in abomasal pepsin secretion, the pepsin concentration in the contents rising from 7210 to 9220 mU of tyrosine during the same period. This period was characterized by a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in abomasal pH and Na+ concentration whereas the K+ and Cl- concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced. The second infection was associated with similar abomasal ionic changes but of shorter duration. It is likely that the second infection transien...
... It has been detected in Algeria (Benikhlef et al., 2001), France (Pratlong et al., 2004), Ita... more ... It has been detected in Algeria (Benikhlef et al., 2001), France (Pratlong et al., 2004), Italy ( [Bettini et al., 1990] , [Gramiccia et al., 1992] , [Gramiccia et al., 1995] and [Gramiccia, 2003] ), Morocco (Rioux et al., 1996), Portugal (Campino et al., 2006), Spain ( [Jimenez et al., 1995 ...
Among the protozoal infections of dromedaries, trypanosomiasis is by far the most important from ... more Among the protozoal infections of dromedaries, trypanosomiasis is by far the most important from the medical and economic aspects, and it is the most widespread disease. In countries where it occurs, the morbidity rate may reach 30% and the mor tality rate 3 % (68). Before the discovery of specific treatments the mortality rate sometimes reached 90% (44). The disease occurs mainly in Egypt, Chad, Mauritania,
This work was performed to study, in 14 7 month-old male lambs experimentally infected with 14 00... more This work was performed to study, in 14 7 month-old male lambs experimentally infected with 14 000 Haemonchus contortus infective larvae and slaughtered at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h and at 2, 6, 8, 11, 15 and 39 days post-infection (pil: 1, the importance, localisation and nature (with or without sheath) of the worms during the first 24 h pi; 2, the kinetics of the total worm population and of each evolutionary stages from the first to the 39th day pi: 3, the period of emergence of the fourthstage larvae from the mucosae; 4, the topographic distribution of the different evolutionary stages of the parasite in the abomasum. During the first 24 h pi, the total worm population and that of the intramucosal larvae increase in lineary function to time (r = 0.98). After a maximum value, reached between 24 and 48 h pi, the total worm population decreases in lineary function to time (r =-0.94). Only 52 % approximately of the larvae administered develop. One of the reasons is the fact that a proportion of 3rd stage larvae cannot leave their sheath during the rumino-omasal transit. Other limiting factors are discussed. The fourth-stage larvae appear in the mucosae 24 h pi. Their emergence from the mucosae starts between day 1 and 2 pi and increases in intensity from days 2 to 6 pi. The immature adults and the adults are encountered from days 6 and 1 5 pi respectively, and the prepatent period is on average 16 days. During the course of evolution the mucosae of the fundus contains 98-100 % of the thirdstage larvae; 91-100 % of the fourth-stage larvae ; 92-100 % of the immature adults and 88-100 % of the adults. De nombreux travaux ont été consacrés à l'évolution de Haemonchus contortus chez le
Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France, 1983
Des perturbations physiologiques relevées au niveau de l'intestin chez le mouton infesté, expérim... more Des perturbations physiologiques relevées au niveau de l'intestin chez le mouton infesté, expérimentalement, .Msmm par Ostertagia circumcincta par (A.) DAKKAK et (Kh.) KHALLAAYOUNE présentée par M. J. GUILHON* Le temps de transit des digesta dans l'intestin, le débit, le pH et le taux de matières sèches du contenu duodénal ainsi que le taux de celles-ci dans les matières fécales ont été mesurés chez 6 agneaux munis de canules abomasale et duodénale et infestés expérimentalement par 150 000 L3 de O. circumcincta. Le pH subit une augmentation à partir du ge jour de l'infestation. Le débit duodénal augmente (491±41 mJ/h contre 350 ± 34 ml/h), le temps de-transit intestinal diminue (6 h 15 min contre 7 h 15 min) dès le 4e jour de l'infestation. Les taux de matières sèches dans le contenu duodénal et dans les matières fécales diminuent à partir du 6e jour. Toutes ces perturbations s'accentuent entre �e ge et 3ie jour. Elles sont rapportées à ceJJes affectant la perméabilité et les activités sécrétrices de la muqueuse abomasale.
Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 1979
Infestation expérimentale de Cochlicella ventricosa (Draparnaud, 1801) par des larves L1 de Proto... more Infestation expérimentale de Cochlicella ventricosa (Draparnaud, 1801) par des larves L1 de Protostrongylides par J. CABARET et A. DAKKAK
This study was undertaken in the Province of Sidi Kacem in northwest Morocco between April 2010 a... more This study was undertaken in the Province of Sidi Kacem in northwest Morocco between April 2010 and March 2011. The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus (Eg) infection in owned dogs. This province was selected as a case study because of the social conditions, geographic and climatic diversity making it a model representative of many parts of Morocco. The survey was carried out in 23 rural communes and in the 5 municipalities (urban districts) of the Province and sampling was undertaken in randomly selected households. A total of 273 owned dogs comprising 232 from the 23 rural communes (rural dogs) and 41 from the 5 municipalities (urban dogs) were tested. Arecoline hydrobromide purgation was selected as the diagnostic method of choice to enable visualisation of expelled worms by dog owners, thereby imparting messages on the transmission mode of Eg to humans and farm animals. Of the 273 dogs tested, purgation was effective in a total of 224 dogs (82.1%). The overall estimated prevalence of Eg infection was 35.3% (79/224, 95% CI 22.3-47.0%). Dogs inhabiting rural communes were at greater risk of infection (38.0%, 95% CI 31.1-45.3%) than dogs roaming in municipalities or urban areas (18.8%, 95% CI 7.2-36.4%) and the prevalence of infection was higher in those inhabiting rural communes with slaughterhouses (62.7%, 95% CI 48.1-75.9%) than in communes without (29.1%, 95% CI 21.7-37.2%). This first assessment of Eg infection in Sidi Kacem Province indicates a key role of rural slaughterhouses in parasite transmission to dogs.
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