Papers by DR. SANDHIMITA MONDAL
Science and Culture, Feb 15, 2024
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
Antibiotic overuse in animal and human healthcare has led in the accumulation of potentially haza... more Antibiotic overuse in animal and human healthcare has led in the accumulation of potentially hazardous antibiotic residues, known as emerging contaminants. These residues contaminate animal products including meat, milk, and eggs, which humans then ingest. Furthermore, antibiotic residues from pharmaceutical firms, hospitals, and households reach wastewater treatment plants, providing an environment conducive to bacterial growth and dissemination. This, in turn, can result in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among bacterial cells, posing serious threats to both human health and the environment. In the case of ARGs, conventional approaches for eliminating antibiotic residues from wastewater and aquatic habitats have proven ineffective. Recent study, however, has shown that the adsorption technique, particularly when low-cost and environmentally acceptable bioadsorbents such as sawdust, prawn shell waste, algae, and fungi are used, is highly successful in removing anti...
International Microbiology
Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research
Ceftriaxone (CEFT), a widely used broad-spectrum beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, is used to... more Ceftriaxone (CEFT), a widely used broad-spectrum beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, is used to treat bovine mastitis, caused by a variety of bacteria. If used injudiciously, this antibiotic leaves a residue that persists after pasteurization. Antibiotic residue contamination occurs when antibiotic residue exceeds its Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). This has negative impacts on both public health and the environment. The aim of a recent study was to determine the concentration of ceftriaxone residue (CEFTR) in raw and pasteurized mastitis cow milk, and its role in developmental toxicity and genotoxicity in the zebra fish model. The CEFTR concentrations in raw and pasteurized milk were several times higher than CEFT's MRL. CEFTR showed a decrease in body length and yolk sac region of zebra fish larvae 7-amino cephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), C3 and C7 are the cephalosporin components produced by the degradation of CEFT that may present in CEFTR, and have an impact on the zebra fish embryo in this stage of development. Comet Assay or Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) also exhibited highest percentage of tail DNA, and tail moment (DNA migration) that is the ultimate indicator of DNA damage by breaking DNA strands and incorporating guanine residue into the genome that ultimately damages the DNA. As a result, the CEFTR is extremely concerning for public health and the environment. The toxic effects of the CEFTR in zebra fish model have not yet been studied. This may be the first comprehensive study.
Science and Culture
Phenol is toxic substance that present in the pharmaceutical industry waste. None of the eco frie... more Phenol is toxic substance that present in the pharmaceutical industry waste. None of the eco friendly conventional methods are available to degrade it except Bioremediation. We have isolated a potent Gram negative bacterial strain that shows phenol-degradation by exhibiting emulsification-activity and hydrophobicity-activity. There is a significant correlation between emulsification activity and bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons (BATH) assay activity in case of phenol biodegradation. These results define significant phenol removal ability of the strain. Therefore, the isolated bacterial strain could serve as a potential candidate for phenol bioremediation in the phenolcontaminated environments.
Current Research in Microbial Sciences
Granuloma is the pre stage of the malignant cancer. Different types of treatment available for th... more Granuloma is the pre stage of the malignant cancer. Different types of treatment available for the granuloma growth, but effect of this treatment temporary, it can come back again. There exist a large volume of evidences in support of the effect of homeopathic potencies on man, animals, and plants without any side effect. In the present study, a one and half year's old baby boy came at our clinic with granuloma tissue growth in the pinna of the right ear on 23/4/12. This growth was operated once previously, but it has been relapsed again. The case was successfully treated with potentized Nux vom (a homeopathic medicine from poison nut), Acid nitricum (a homeopathic medicine from nitric acid), Sulphur (a homeopathic medicine from sulphur) and Merc sulph (a homeopathic medicine from Turpethum minerale). Homeopathic treatment was started after details case taking. Granuloma growth has been totally regressed after the drugs treatment.
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2022
Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis are two of the most prevalent uro-pathogens and are di... more Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis are two of the most prevalent uro-pathogens and are difficult to treat as they acquire multidrug-resistant traits. In this study, the main objective was to develop biocompatible copper nanoparticles using chicken feather keratin protein (CuNPs-K) and to investigate their impact on multidrug-resistant (MDR) uro-pathogens, E. coli and E. faecalis , under both single and mixed culture conditions. CuNPs-K were characterised by UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and docking experiments. The MIC values of CuNPs-K against single and mixed planktonic cultures were 50 μg/ml and 75 μg/ml, respectively. CuNPs-K efficiently disrupted the biofilm of single and mixed uro-pathogen cultures by eliminating sessile cells. This biofilm disruption may be attributed to a decline in the production of extracellular polymeric substances in both single and mixed bacterial cultures treated with CuNPs-K. Moreover, selective antimicrobial activity was determined by selectivity assays using T24 cells. CuNPs-K targets both the bacterial membrane and DNA with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) as their bactericidal mode of action. This comprehensive antimicrobial activity of CuNPs-K was further confirmed in vivo by using the zebra fish model. In this study, CuNPs-K effectively reduced bacterial load with increased survivability of infected zebrafish. All these results suggest that CuNPs-K can be explored as an exceptional antibacterial agent against MDR uro-pathogenic E. coli and E. faecalis. Graphical abstract
International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206, 2021
Adhatoda vasica Nees plants were grown in 50 earthen pots, which were divided into 5 batches A, B... more Adhatoda vasica Nees plants were grown in 50 earthen pots, which were divided into 5 batches A, B, C, D, and E. Of these A, B and C, D were arranged into two separate parallel pairs. One leaf of each plant of an adjacent pair was immersed in sterile tap water in a beaker. Adjacent beakers in each pair A B or C D were connected by polythene tubes containing wet cotton threads. One leaf of each plant of A was given heat shock by immersing a leaf in hot water for 5 min. One leaf of each plant of C was treated with Cantharis vesicatoria 200c. Batch E served as the unstressed and untreated control. One hour after heat shock or drug treatment all the leaves were harvested and their proteins were extracted by chilled protein extraction buffer. Proteins were separated by Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC). Protein profiles of A, B and C, D showed marked similarity with respect to expression and repression of some proteins. It is concluded that the effect of heat shock and drug treatm...
Soil microorganism plays an important role in regulating the levels of carbon, nitrogen, phosphor... more Soil microorganism plays an important role in regulating the levels of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur at the rhizosphere. Solubilization of macronutrient is an important aspect in plant growth and development research. Phosphorus is one of the vital nutrient required for optimum growth of plant. Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) plays an important role in increasing the phosphate uptake by the plants. Pikovskaya medium containing TCP or tricalcium phosphate helps in isolation of PSB from soil sample. Isolated strains were tested and screened by Halo zone formation and pH test. The selected strains showing marked decrease in pH and clear zone formation was selected for field trial. The objective of this study was to ascertain that PSBs isolated from the soil sample can be used as biofertilizer. Application of PSBs with a carrier mixed with maize seeds in the field of study and compared against a control field and against commercially available fertilizer showed that PSB...
International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206, 2021
Background: High level of salinity deteriorates seed germination, growth and yield of crops in cu... more Background: High level of salinity deteriorates seed germination, growth and yield of crops in cultivated lands all over the world. There is no effective remedy to mitigate this global problem. Homeopathy offers a remedy like Natrum mur which at ultra high dilution ameliorates diseases of patients having strong desire for salt consumption. The purpose of the present study is to see whether potentized Natrum mur could alleviate salt stress in germinating seeds of cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. Methods: Water-soaked seeds were kept over moist filter paper in covered petridishes which were divided into 5 groups: (1) unstressed and untreated control in sterile distilled water, (2) in 100mM sodium chloride solution, (3) seeds pretreated with Natrum mur 200c and then kept in sterile distilled water, (4) seeds pretreated with Natrum mur 200c and then transferred to 100mM NaCl solution and (5) seeds pretreated with 90% ethanol. Both Natrum mur 200 c and its diluent medium 90% ethanol we...
International Journal of High Dilution Research, 2013
Introduction: The extensive use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture is causing enviro... more Introduction: The extensive use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture is causing environmental damage, organic crops contain significantly more vitamin C, iron, magnesium and phosphorus and significantly less nitrates than conventional crops. In this situation it is desirable to find out suitable agents, which would increase plant growth without compromising with the quality of food and of soil. We have studied that potentized growth retardants, chlorocholine chloride CCC (2-chloroethyle trimethyl ammonium chloride) and maleic hydrazide, MH (1, 2-dihydro 3,6 pyridazinedin) can promote growth in pigeon pea Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp; Lady’s finger, Abelmoschus aeculentus (L) Moench; cow pea, Vigna unguculata L. and in rice, Oryza sativa L. The aim of this work is to see if plant growth inhibitors serve as growth promoters at their ultra low doses . Methods: We have selected two plant growth retardants viz., chlorocholine chloride CCC (2-chloroethyle trimethyl ammonium chlori...
Sandhimita Mondal. Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbon polluti... more Sandhimita Mondal. Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbon pollution has far reaching implications for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem as well as in the atmosphere. It has been a problem ever since the use of fossil fuels began. The unprecedented increase of populations and also industrial development in both developing and developed countries during the last century have increased the threat of rampant pollution in the environment. Oil spills in oceans, leakages in pipelines carrying crude oil and gas exploration activities, production, refining, transport and storage of hydrocarbons like petroleum and its byproducts also contribute to the pollution. These together are threatening the lives of animals and native microbiological population in land, air and water surfaces and sub-surfaces. The process of bioremediation by microorganisms those that break down hydrocarbons can be used to purge the environment of these persistent pollutant particles...
International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206, 2021
Soil salinity severely affects crop yield all over the world. In a recent study we observed that ... more Soil salinity severely affects crop yield all over the world. In a recent study we observed that Natrum mur 200cH, a homeopathic remedy, improved growth in germinating cowpea seeds. In the present study we have tested another remedy Sepia, which is complementary to Natrum mur, on cowpea seedlings under salt stress. Cowpea seedlings grown over moist filter paper in petridishes were divided into 4 groups: (1) control in sterile water, (2) in 50mM NaCl solution, (3) seeds pretreated with 90% ethanol diluted with water 1:100 and then transferred to 50mM NaCl solution, (4) seeds pretreated with Sepia 200cH diluted with water 1:100 and transferred to 50mM NaCl solution. In another experiment the groups were same, but the dilution of 90% ethanol and Sepia 200cH was 1:1000 instead of 1:100. The purpose was to further reduce the ethanol content in both the drug and its vehicle 90% ethanol, so that the alcohol effect is minimized or abolished. The data were analysed by ANOVA followed by t-tes...
Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2021
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2021
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020
, et al., Sodium alginatebased edible coating containing nanoemulsion of Citrus sinensis essentia... more , et al., Sodium alginatebased edible coating containing nanoemulsion of Citrus sinensis essential oil eradicates planktonic and sessile cells of food-borne pathogens and increased quality attributes of tomatoes,
Microbial Pathogenesis, 2020
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) induces bacterial leaf blight (BLB), is known to be the most ... more Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) induces bacterial leaf blight (BLB), is known to be the most devastating disease of rice. The present investigation for the first time explains the antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and antivirulence potential of the simplest allelochemical catechol. Bacterial viability and growth are significantly reducing in catechol treatment. Further study also reveals that catechol also inhibits primary attachment and preformed biofilm of Xoo even at half MIC concentration. The half MIC concentration of catechol also induce a significant decrease in virulence factors like swimming, swarming, exopolysaccharide, and xanthomonadin production. Next, we investigate the possible antibacterial mode of action of catechol against Xoo. Results show that, the catechol caused oxidative stress and targets cell membrane for its antibacterial activity. Whereas, in silico study reveals that, catechol binds with the catalytic domain of XanA protein and this may be consider as a reason for antibiofilm activity of catechol. Moreover, in virulence assay on rice plants, we observe significant decrement in lesion length in catechol and Xoo co-treated rice leaves as compared with only Xoo treated leaves. All the results clearly show, allelochemical catechol to be a potential compound for the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence agent against Xoo and consequently mitigating the BLB disease advancement in rice.
Heliyon, 2020
The model is based on Map/eson's Model P for inhaled anaesthetics, but has compartments for lungs... more The model is based on Map/eson's Model P for inhaled anaesthetics, but has compartments for lungs, peripheral shunt, kidneys, portal bed, liver, other viscera, muscle, other lean, fat, brain, i.m. injection site and for various blood "pools". Intracellular and extracellular fluids are represented separately in each compartment and in blood. In each fluid, four forms of the agent are distinguished: unionized dissolved in water ("standard" form), ionized dissolved in water, unionized dissolved in lipid, and bound to protein. Equations define the equilibrium between these four forms in any one fluid and between blood and tissue. After changing two of the more uncertain numbers in the quantification for pethidine, good agreement was obtained between computed and published venous concentrations after single i. v. and i.m. injections, continuous i.v. infusions and repeated i.m. injections. The model can be used to make a wide variety of "what if" predictions.
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Papers by DR. SANDHIMITA MONDAL