Papers by Conchita Toriello
Revista digital universitaria, Mar 1, 2024
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Revista Mexicana de Micología, 2004
Journal of Medical Mycology, 2022
Infectious keratitis and sclerokeratitis caused by filamentous fungi prevail in agricultural regi... more Infectious keratitis and sclerokeratitis caused by filamentous fungi prevail in agricultural regions with tropical and subtropical climates and are related mostly to mild abrasive corneal trauma especially after vegetable matter related injury. Biotechnological advances have introduced biological control agents in agriculture such as fungal-based biocontrol agents that use Beauveria and Metarhizium species as bioinsecticides. Keratitis and sclerokeratitis are the most frequent pathologies associated to Beauveria and Metarhizium infection that are the main entomopathogenic fungi used in biological control, although other clinical cases such as sinus, skin lesions, and disseminated infections have been reported. Search of publications was carried out using the databases: Scopus, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, MedLine Scielo. A total of 30 articles were retrieved from 1984 - 2021. From these, 17 keratitis and one sclerokeratitis clinical cases were related to Beauveria infection, while Metarhizium was linked to 13 keratitis cases and two sclerokeratitis clinical cases. Female sex predominated in both Metarhizium and Beauveria clinical cases, there was no significant difference in sclerokeratitis / keratitis by sex. Contact lenses use was a factor reported in 66.6% cases of infection with Metarhizium and 22.2% with Beauveria. The review of clinical cases of keratitis and sclerokeratitis related to Beauveria and Metarhizium suggests the need to consider entomopathogenic fungi in ocular pathologies and the risk that imply the misuse of contact lenses and agricultural/gardening activities.
Relación de la actividad de proteasa y quitinasa con la virulencia de Paecilomyces fumosoroseus e... more Relación de la actividad de proteasa y quitinasa con la virulencia de Paecilomyces fumosoroseus en Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Resumen. Se evaluó la actividad de proteasa y quitinasa y la virulencia en ninfas de mosquita blanca de aislados del hongo entomopatógeno Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. La producción de enzimas se ensayó con l8 aislados fúngicos, en un medio sintético líquido adicionado de cutícula de camarón coloidal y de quitina coloidal teñida con azul brillante de remazol como substratos para proteasa y quitinasa, respectivamente. Los bioensayos de virulencia se realizaron en ninfas de mosquita blanca (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) de segundo estadio, con 9 cultivos monospóricos. La virulencia fue determinada a partir de la concentración letal media (CL ) en mosquita blanca. Los aislados EH-506/3 y EH-511/3 fueron los más 50 3 3 virulentos con una CL de 1.1 x 10 y 6.9 x 10 conidios/mL, respectivamente, con la más alta 50 actividad de proteasa (39.8 y 14.9...
In order to help the diagnosis of aspergillosis and systemic candidosis, 253 cases of patients wi... more In order to help the diagnosis of aspergillosis and systemic candidosis, 253 cases of patients with respiratory illnesses were studied by immunological tests and based on the results, are suggested the following criteria for their diagnosis: patient's clinical characteristics, serial positive cultures for biologica! specimens, suggestive histopathology (fungi in tissue), serial immunological tests with high titers and similar results in precipitin, agglutinin and complement fixation tests
Sporothrix schenckii metabolic antigens are of great value in the diagnosis and prognosis of huma... more Sporothrix schenckii metabolic antigens are of great value in the diagnosis and prognosis of human sporotrichosis. The biological activity of these molecules may vary depending on the different strains and culture media used, antigen extraction methods and fungal morphology. In order to observe the effects of S. schenckii mycelial and yeast antigens from different growth phases on their immunological activity, the present study was undertaken. Metabolic antigens were obtained from culture medium filtrates from different fungal growth phases. They were tested by immunodiffusion (ID) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) with sporotrichosis patients sera. Protein and carbohydrate concentrations were determined in all antigens. The results showed a gradual increase of the antigen's carbohydrate concentration during the logarithmic growth phase while the protein concentration remained constant. The immunological reactivity showed an increase in the number of precipitin bands with I...
The infection process whereby Isaria fumosorosea colonizes whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) n... more The infection process whereby Isaria fumosorosea colonizes whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) nymphs was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The fungal growth development index was used to determine pathogenicity of the isolates studied. The ultrastructural findings allowed us to examine the course of colonization of T. vaporariorum by this fungus through the formation of cuticular penetration structures. I. fumosorosea produced structures that resemble appressoria in shape, and isolates cause serious cuticular damage suggesting of enzymatic action. The results of this study suggest isolate EH-506/3 as suitable for whitefly biocontrol.
Natural Product Communications, 2015
Seven cyclotetradepsipeptides, namely beauverolides C (1), F (2), I (3), Ja (4), L (5), M (6), an... more Seven cyclotetradepsipeptides, namely beauverolides C (1), F (2), I (3), Ja (4), L (5), M (6), and N (7), were isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea. The beauverolides were evaluated as potential calmodulin (CaM) inhibitors using the newly designed CaM biosensor hCaM M124C- AF350; these peptides displayed high affinity to the protein with dissociation constants ( Kd) ranging from 0.078 μM to 3.44 μM. Beauverolide Ja, the only one containing a tryptophan residue in its structure, showed the highest affinity. The docking study predicted that beauverolides could bind to CaM in the same site of interaction as chlorpromazine, a well-known calmodulin ligand.
BioControl, 2017
Metarhizium Sorokin is a wide spread entomopathogenic fungal genus that is also a root symbiont a... more Metarhizium Sorokin is a wide spread entomopathogenic fungal genus that is also a root symbiont and some isolates may be potentially useful in agriculture applications. Physiological variations applicable in biological control have not been fully evaluated in Mexican strains. This study identified 30 strains from different insect hosts and states of Mexico selected because they represent the main sugar cane and corn plantations of the country. Their thermotolerance profiles (8, 15, 28 and 35°C), insect virulence (LT50 in Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae), possible association with plant roots, and phylogenetic placement (using 5 0 TEF, IGS sequence information, and RFLP analysis) were assessed. Results showed no cold-active strains and most showed restricted growth at 35°C. Insect virulence bioassays against G. mellonella showed highly virulent strains. Most of the strains showed an ability to associate with roots of Phaseolus vulgaris (Burkart) (Fabales: Fabaceae). RFLP analysis with 5 0 TEF and Pr1 revealed three distinct genetic groups. Phylogenetic analysis identified the 30 strains as Metarhizium anisopliae. (Metchnikoff) Sorokin, M. robertsii (J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber), M. guizhouense (Q. T. Chen & H. L. Guo), or M. pinghaense (Q.T. Chen & H.L. Guo), as well as two strains that belong to a new clade (Metarhizium sp. indet. 1). These data demonstrate the complexity of Metarhizium species and the need to study their physiological and phylogenetic aspects for a more adequate assessment of their potential use in agricultural systems.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 2016
Introduction and objective. Nosocomial invasive fungal infections, particularly aspergillosis, ar... more Introduction and objective. Nosocomial invasive fungal infections, particularly aspergillosis, are an increasing problem in immunocompromised patients. The presented study evaluates fungal diversity and the presence of Aspergillus in air samples from two hospitals. Materials and methods. Over the course of one year (rainy and dry seasons), the air was sampled from three areas in two hospitals (1 and 2) using a single-stage Andersen viable particle sampler (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The fungi were identified by macro-and micromorphology, and the number of colony forming units (CFU)/m 3 air and their richness, abundance, and diversity were determined. Isolates Aspergillus genus were characterized by their thermotolerance. Results. The CFU/m 3 air was similar at both hospitals during the two seasons, but different between the sampled areas. Results showed 10 fungal genera for hospital 1, and 8 for hospital 2. The most abundant were Penicillium, Cladosporium and Aspergillus. The thermotolerance test confirmed the identification of A. fumigatus section Fumigati. The highest growth rate was found in Aspergillus section Nigri. Conclusion. Determining the fungal diversity in the two hospitals was important because all the species have the potential to be pathogenic, especially the section Fumigati.
Revista Mexicana De Micologia, Dec 1, 2008
Current Microbiology, 2016
Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease caused by the Sporothrix schenckii complex that includes speci... more Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease caused by the Sporothrix schenckii complex that includes species such as S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii sensu stricto, S. globosa, S. luriei, S. mexicana, and S. pallida, which exhibit different potentially antigenic molecular components. The immune response of susceptible hosts to control infection and disease caused by these fungi has been little studied. Besides, the fungus-host interaction induces the activation of different types of immune response. This mini-review analyzes and discusses existing reports on the identification and functional characterization of molecules from species of the S. schenckii complex with clinical relevance, and the mechanisms that mediate the type and magnitude of the immune response in experimental models in vivo and in vitro. This knowledge is expected to contribute to the development of protective and therapeutic strategies against sporotrichosis and other mycoses.
Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2016
Isaria fumosorosea (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) is an entomopathogenic fungus that has be... more Isaria fumosorosea (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) is an entomopathogenic fungus that has been proposed as a low risk environmental alternative to the use of chemical insecticides to control agricultural pests and disease vectors. Although there are some mycoinsecticides already being marketed in many countries, not all their biosafety protocols have been published. The acute dermal toxicity test in an animal model is one in a series of biosafety protocols that must be developed, in order to provide information on health hazards, while taking into consideration the periods that the workers are in direct contact with the microbial agent when applied for the control of pests. For this test, we used I. fumosorosea monospore culture EH-506/3, isolated in Mexico from the Bemisia tabaci whitefly, applying a dose of 2 g/kg of animal body weight, on the shaved skin of 16 New Zealand rabbits, with an exposure time of 24 h. Clinical observations were conducted to evaluate the presence of erythema, edema and other alterations in the skin, as well as the behavior and health of the animals, for a period of 14 days. None of the rabbits showed clinical signs of any disease and their body weight corresponded to the expected weight for a healthy rabbit. The test showed no inflammatory reactions in the skin, supporting the safety of a single dose of this fungus in dermal exposure. Therefore, these data support the safety of I. fumosorosea EH-506/3 when applied to the skin.
Sporotrichosis, 2015
Definitive diagnosis of sporotrichosis is based on fungal detection in culture. Microscopic metho... more Definitive diagnosis of sporotrichosis is based on fungal detection in culture. Microscopic methods for the detection of Sporothrix yeast cells in clinical samples have low sensitivity. Although culture methods have high sensitivity, they also have some limitations, such as the time required to conclude the diagnosis, usually from 10 to 15 days, and the difficulty of obtaining an adequate clinical specimen for the test in cases of extracutaneous sporotrichosis. Serological methods are useful tools for a presumptive diagnosis of this infection. The most-used antigenic Sporothrix molecules are the peptide-rhamnomannan and secreted exoantigens. The enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) technique using the peptide-rhamnomannan has high efficiency, and it is useful in the serological follow-up of infection. Exoantigens were first used in immunoprecipitation and agglutination tests, but they have been used more recently in immunoenzymatic tests, with high sensitivity and specificity for both human and feline disease. A glycoprotein of 70 kDa was purified from Sporothrix exoantigens, presenting high immunogenicity, which allows its use in the development of more sensitive and specific methods for sporotrichosis serodiagnosis. Molecular methods of diagnosis can lower the time for diagnosis conclusion, but described methodologies in this field are scarce. In conclusion, the diagnosis of sporotrichosis is a challenging field, and the development of new serological and molecular diagnostic methods is mandatory.
Sporotrichosis, 2015
Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by the Sporothrix schenckii species complex, which in... more Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by the Sporothrix schenckii species complex, which includes species of clinical relevance such as S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii sensu stricto, S. globosa, S. mexicana, and S. luriei. When S. schenckii was discovered as a species complex with several entities, the similarities and differences among these pathogenic species began to be studied with respect to their virulence, susceptibility to antifungal agents, protein production, and immunogenicity, among other characteristics. Still, little is known about the factors that contribute to the virulence of this species complex and about the mechanisms involved in the establishment and development of sporotrichosis. This chapter reviews the virulence factors and main components described for the S. schenckii complex, which include fungal dimorphism, thermotolerance, melanin production, secretion of proteases, and cell surface components.
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2011
We utilized two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting (2D-immunoblotting) with anti-... more We utilized two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting (2D-immunoblotting) with anti-Sporothrix schenckii antibodies to identify antigenic proteins in cell wall preparations obtained from the mycelial and yeast-like morphologies of the fungus. Results showed that a 70-kDa glycoprotein (Gp70) was the major antigen detected in the cell wall of both morphologies and that a 60-kDa glycoprotein was present only in yeast-like cells. In addition to the Gp70, the wall from filament cells showed four proteins with molecular weights of 48, 55, 66 and 67 kDa, some of which exhibited several isoforms. To our knowledge, this is the first 2D-immunoblotting analysis of the S. schenckii cell wall.
The mycobiota present in natural habitats of Histoplasma capsulatum was determined in samples of ... more The mycobiota present in natural habitats of Histoplasma capsulatum was determined in samples of bat guano, poultry droppings, and intestinal contents of bats. The following fungi were isolated: 1) from bat guano: the ascomycetes
Revista Iberoamericana de Micología, 2014
High sensitivity and specificity of molecular biology techniques have proven usefulness for the d... more High sensitivity and specificity of molecular biology techniques have proven usefulness for the detection, identification and typing of different pathogens. The ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) regions of the ribosomal DNA are highly conserved non-coding regions, and have been widely used in different studies including the determination of the genetic diversity of human fungal pathogens. This article wants to contribute to the understanding of the intra- and interspecific genetic diversity of isolates of the Histoplasma capsulatum and Sporothrix schenckii species complexes by an analysis of the available sequences of the ITS regions from different sequence databases. ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of each fungus, either deposited in GenBank, or from our research groups (registered in the Fungi Barcode of Life Database), were analyzed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method. ML analysis of the ITS sequences discriminated isolates from distant geographic origins and particular wild hosts, depending on the fungal species analyzed. This manuscript is part of the series of works presented at the "V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi" (Oaxaca, Mexico, 2012).
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Papers by Conchita Toriello