Papers by Chutchamas KANCHANA-UDOMKAN
Horticulturae
Knowledge of the heritability, genetic advance, and stability of key traits, such as the height t... more Knowledge of the heritability, genetic advance, and stability of key traits, such as the height to the first fruit, trunk circumference, number of marketable fruit, wasted fruit, fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, flesh thickness, cavity width, cavity length, and soluble solid contents, is required. These were determined in ten advanced generation red papaya recombinant inbred lines (RIL; F5 generation). The F5 RIL were grown in four field sites, two each within two distinct agroecological climates: the Tablelands and Coastal regions. At each site, biological replicates (trees) of each RIL and the industry-standard red papaya cultivar, RB1, were grown. Agronomic traits and fruit-specific traits were assessed at five and 10 months, respectively, after seedling transplantation to the field. Height to first fruit, trunk circumference, fruit weight, and soluble solid contents were highly heritable and stable at all field sites (h2b.s, 0.7–0.9) with genetic gains of almost 18% obse...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Inconsistency in flavour is one of the major challenges to the Australian papaya industry. Howeve... more Inconsistency in flavour is one of the major challenges to the Australian papaya industry. However, objectively measurable standards of the compound profiles that provide preferable taste and aroma, together with consumer acceptability, have not been set. In this study, three red-flesh papayas (i.e., ‘RB1’, ‘RB4’, and ‘Skybury’) and two yellow-flesh papayas (i.e., ‘1B’ and ‘H13’) were presented to a trained sensory panel and a consumer panel to assess sensory profiles and liking. The papaya samples were also examined for sugar components, total soluble solids, and 14 selected volatile compounds. Additionally, the expression patterns of 10 genes related to sweetness and volatile metabolism were assessed. In general, red papaya varieties had higher sugar content and tasted sweeter than yellow varieties, while yellow varieties had higher concentrations of citrus floral aroma volatiles and higher aroma intensity. Higher concentrations of glucose, linalool oxide, and terpinolene were sig...
Additional file 7: Table S5. Associated SNPs and candidate genes for flesh sweetness and other fr... more Additional file 7: Table S5. Associated SNPs and candidate genes for flesh sweetness and other fruit quality traits.
Additional file 5: Table S4. Summary of SNPs markers and segregation.
Additional file 4: Table S3. Summary of initial linkage map from F2 population of 'RB2' x... more Additional file 4: Table S3. Summary of initial linkage map from F2 population of 'RB2' x 'Sunrise Solo'.
Additional file 3: Figure S1. Phenotypic variation of fruit quality traits (A-G) among parents, F... more Additional file 3: Figure S1. Phenotypic variation of fruit quality traits (A-G) among parents, F1 and F2 populations. Mean and median values are represented by black solid lines (â ) and red cross (+), respectively in the interior of each box area. The mid-parent values are indicated by horizontal dashed lines.
Additional file 2: Table S2. Phenotypic variances by generation in 2016 and 2017 and heritability... more Additional file 2: Table S2. Phenotypic variances by generation in 2016 and 2017 and heritability estimates of each fruit quality trait.
Additional file 1: Table S1. Mean and standard deviation of fruit quality traits of parental line... more Additional file 1: Table S1. Mean and standard deviation of fruit quality traits of parental lines and their F1 and F2progeny population in 2016 and 2017. This table presents phenotypic evaluation of seven fruit quality traits.
The papaya: botany, production and uses, 2020
The application of biotechnology to plant breeding includes the development of tools and knowledg... more The application of biotechnology to plant breeding includes the development of tools and knowledge to increase accuracy and efficiency for pre-breeding and selection for crop improvement that have multiple advantages over traditional technologies. This chapter provides information on the in vitro culture, genetic transformation, genome project and sequencing technology, gene identification and characterization, genetic linkage maps and identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL), and molecular markers for crop improvement of pawpaws (Carica papaya).
This chapter focuses on the potential effects from a range of environmental factors (sunlight, te... more This chapter focuses on the potential effects from a range of environmental factors (sunlight, temperature and water availability) on pawpaw development, i.e. photosynthesis, productivity and whole plant physiology.
Food Security and Climate Change, 2018
Genes, 2021
A major challenge to the papaya industry is inconsistency in fruit quality and, in particular, fl... more A major challenge to the papaya industry is inconsistency in fruit quality and, in particular, flavour, which is a complex trait that comprises taste perception in the mouth (sweetness, acidity, or bitterness) and aroma produced by several volatile compounds. Current commercial varieties vary greatly in their taste, likely due to historical prioritised selection for fruit appearance as well as large environmental effects. Therefore, it is important to better understand the genetic and biochemical mechanisms and biosynthesis pathways underpinning preferable flavour in order to select and breed for better tasting new commercial papaya varieties. As an initial step, objectively measurable standards of the compound profiles that provide papaya’s taste and aroma, together with ‘mouth feel’, are required. This review presents an overview of the approaches to characterise the flavour profiles of papaya through sugar component determination, volatile compound detection, sensory panel testin...
Acta Horticulturae, 2018
The Australian market clearly distinguishes between types of papaya according to flesh colour, wh... more The Australian market clearly distinguishes between types of papaya according to flesh colour, which may be yellow or red, and consumers have a distinct preference for fruit shape associated with flesh colour. There are two major preferences 1) round fruit, which are females, with yellow flesh and 2) oblong fruit, which are hermaphrodites, with red flesh. DNA-based markers have been developed to clearly identify the sex of papaya and these may be applied for selection at the early growth/seedling stage. In total, 10 primer pairs from the literature that were reported to amplify loci linked to the sex-related alleles of papaya were assessed. These were screened across bulked DNA of a set of 40 trees of defined sex, representative of female, male and hermaphrodite trees of four cultivars of commercial Australian papaya (1B, RB1, RB2 and RB4). Markers were then blind tested on individuals to determine their accuracy for sex selection. Of these, two primer sets, SCARps and SCAR SDSP, clearly discriminated female and male/hermaphrodite trees. These were subsequently validated on an entire breeding population comprising 2,000 seedlings and were demonstrated to be 100% accurate for sex prediction. The same markers were optimised within a high-throughput extraction and PCR screening bioassay to enable the sex determination of a minimum of 96 individuals within two hours. Therefore, these markers have been validated and are now being applied as a strategy to decrease resource wastage and improve on-farm efficiency within the northern Australian papaya industry.
BMC Plant Biology, 2019
Background The identification and characterisation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) is an importa... more Background The identification and characterisation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) is an important step towards identifying functional sequences underpinning important crop traits and for developing accurate markers for selective breeding strategies. In this study, a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach detected QTL conditioning desirable fruit quality traits in papaya. Results For this, a linkage map was constructed comprising 219 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci across 10 linkage groups and covering 509 centiMorgan (cM). In total, 21 QTLs were identified for seven key fruit quality traits, including flesh sweetness, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width skin freckle, flesh thickness and fruit firmness. Several QTL for flesh sweetness, fruit weight, length, width and firmness were stable across harvest years and individually explained up to 19.8% of the phenotypic variance of a particular trait. Where possible, candidate genes were proposed and explored further for t...
Acta Horticulturae, 2018
An attempt to develop Carica papaya L. resistant to Papaya ringspot virus type P (PRSV-P) has bee... more An attempt to develop Carica papaya L. resistant to Papaya ringspot virus type P (PRSV-P) has been established via an intergeneric cross using Vasconcellea pubescens as the resistance donor. V. pubescens has consistently been reported to be resistant to PRSV-P, unlike the resistance in other species (d'Eeckenbrugge et al., 2014). The immunity to PRSV-P is also controlled by a single dominant gene (Dillon et al., 2006), which should be easy to transfer across crops. Because of the genetic distance between the two genera and genetic incompatibility, Vasconcellea parviflora was introduced as a bridging species to transfer the PRSV-P resistance gene(s) to papaya (C. papaya). Backcrossing has been achieved to BC4 in order to maximize the V. parviflora genetic background to improve fertility. The PRSV-P resistance genotype of the BC4 was determined with previously published sequences linked to the prsv-1 locus (Dillon et al., 2006). One of the heterozygous lines, BC4#113, was selected to use as a resistance donor to cross with C. papaya line 2.001. Embryos were rescued, initiated and multiplied in vitro. The cross was successfully micropropagated and produced 18 F1 lines [C. papaya × (V. parviflora backcrossed to V. parviflora × V. pubescens)]. These F1s were genotyped at the prsv-1 locus as previously mentioned. They were subsequently acclimatized and planted in a field in north Queensland. True hybridity was revealed through morphological characterization, including pink flowers, which is a dominant trait from V. parviflora. The hybrid F1s carrying the PRSV-P locus were then successfully backcrossed to C. papaya to generate BC1 generations. They were also sib-crossed with the F1 to generate F1:F2 generations. These lines will be planted in a quarantine laboratory at Griffith University, Nathan, for evaluation of virus resistance. Fertile plants that carry the virus-resistance alleles will be used as parental lines in future breeding strategies.
Acta Horticulturae, 2018
High sugar content is a valued papaya fruit quality trait that is difficult to select due to a la... more High sugar content is a valued papaya fruit quality trait that is difficult to select due to a lack of knowledge regarding the major contributing genetic components and the potential for large environmental effects. The initial step towards better understanding this complex trait is to identify the functional genes involved in the sugar synthesis and accumulation pathways. This was achieved in the current study through differential expression analyses of a suit of sweetness-related genes among two phenotypically contrasting papaya cultivars. The major sugar detected in leaf and ripening fruit tissues of two genotypes (120 days after anthesis to colour break 100%) was sucrose, which accounted for 40-60% of the total sugars detected. In general, genotype 'Sunrise Solo' had higher sugar content than genotype 'RB2' in all tissue types assessed. Subsequently, differential expression of 11 genes potentially associated with the main sugar synthesis and accumulation pathways were investigated. Of these, sucrose phosphate synthase (cpSPS1, cpSPS2, cpSPS3 and cpSPS4) and invertase (cpCWINV1and cpAVIN2) gene family members were expressed significantly differently. In all tissue types, cpSPS2 was between 0.5 to 3 times more highly expressed in 'Sunrise Solo' than 'RB2'. The maximum expression of cpSPS2 in 'Sunrise Solo' was observed in mature fruit at 120 days after anthesis, while its expression remained constant in 'RB2'. Similarly, genes cpCWINV1 and cpAVIN2 were significantly more expressed in 'Sunrise Solo' compared to 'RB2' during ripening stages. Further validation and investigation of the expression of these gene sequences for association with the sweetness trait at specific fruit ripening stages and in different environments will aid in their identification as candidate sweetness markers for future selective breeding strategies.
The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2004
Summary A fast and accurate genetic purity test of F1 hybrid plants is essential for seed product... more Summary A fast and accurate genetic purity test of F1 hybrid plants is essential for seed production and accelerating advanced breeding generations in breeding programmes. DNA technology has great potential for enhancing purity assessment of hybrids. Genetic purity of three F1 chili hybrids was determined using two molecular marker techniques RAPD and ISSR. RAPD analysis successfully detected all three F1 hybridity, while ISSR detected only two. This was due to the RAPD marker system producing a greater number of markers than the ISSR system.
Acta Horticulturae, 2015
Production of papaya (Carica papaya) is limited throughout its growing regions by the devastating... more Production of papaya (Carica papaya) is limited throughout its growing regions by the devastating disease of Papaya Ringspot Virus type P (PRSV-P). Papaya breeding programmes for PRSV-P resistance target two sources of resistance from crop wild relatives. The resistance loci from V. pubescens were identified in a segregating population resulting from an interspecific cross between V. pubescens and V. parviflora. The resistance loci in V. pubescens were located on supercontig (SC) 28 of the papaya whole genome sequence although SC28 is not yet anchored to any linkage group (LG). Recent investigations indicate that SC28 could be located at the end of LG5. Another species V. quercifolia also carries PRSV-P resistance, although more quantitative in action, and this species produces some fertile hybrids when crossed to C. papaya. The aim of this study was to target polymorphism at the end of LG5 and on SC28 in C. papaya and V. quercifolia. Five candidate resistant genes were used, corresponding to three nucleotide binding sites (NBS; NBS9.305, NBS9.308 and NBS18.235) at the end of LG5 and one NBS (NBS28.12) and one kinase gene (STK105) on SC28. Primers were designed for each gene and used to amplify DNA of papaya variety '2.001' and an accession of V. quercifolia. Resultant DNA sequences were aligned by BLASTN to the papaya whole genome sequence, indicating 98-100% and 89-99% identities for the '2.001' and V. quercifolia amplicons, respectively, and 82-93% identity between these two species.
Acta Horticulturae, 2016
Papaya ringspot virus type P (PRSV-P) is one of the most devastating diseases of Carica papaya (p... more Papaya ringspot virus type P (PRSV-P) is one of the most devastating diseases of Carica papaya (papaya). No resistance has been reported within the cultivated genome; however, resistance exists within wild related species in genus Vasconcellea. Since 1998, breeding strategies have focussed on transferring resistance alleles from V. pubescens and V. quercifolia into V. parviflora and papaya. Previously, the V. pubescens resistance was characterised at the prv1 locus, located in close proximity to two kinase (VP_STK1 and VP_STK2) and one leucine rich repeat (VP_LRR) genes. Subsequently, the functional response of these genes in V. quercifolia, and potential differential response among wild and cultivated genomes, was assessed by transcriptional profiling following PRSV-P inoculation. Initially, the resistance response within V. quercifolia was confirmed through a controlled inoculation bioassay. Following inoculation with an equal viral titer, the viral coat protein (CP) level was significantly up regulated in C. papaya compared to non-significant CP expression in V. quercifolia from 20 to 30 days after inoculation (DAI). Putative resistance genes were identified in V. quercifolia using RACE-PCR and named VQ_STK2, VQ_STK2.1 and VQ_LRR. VQ_STK2 was significantly and differentially up-regulated in V. quercifolia between 0.15 and 1.5 fold from 5 to 30 DAI. In contrast, VQ_STK2 was significantly reduced after papaya plants were inoculated to the lowest point of downregulation of 0.6 fold expression at 20 DAI. This indicated that STK2 may have a role in the sustained viral defence mechanism present in V. quercifolia and will be a target for further functional validation.
A fruit inoculation bioassay was developed for chinense chilli by Colletotrichum capsici. Four fr... more A fruit inoculation bioassay was developed for chinense chilli by Colletotrichum capsici. Four fruit green, color turning and ripe red; and thr:ee ' ' . were applied to an anthracnose resulted in anthracnose symptoms inoculation, while the drop method after inoculation. The green more mature ripe red fruit symptoms. All the disease area under the disease ; infection of Capsicum immature green, mature .injection and wound/drop; Injection and wound/drop methods stages as early as 3-5 days after -of anthracnose within 9 days , more susceptible to anthracnose than the not affect the development of anthracnose ; lesion length, lesion width, lesion area and correlated indicating that any of the disease 1 for resistance. Key inoculation method sp.) is an economically crop of Thailand with -constraint to preand post-harvested chilli fruits. In Thailand, C. annuum is the major species of commercial chilli grown however, C. chinense is also grown for its high capsicin content and disease resistance. Anthracnose of chilli species is caused by either Co//etotrichum capsici (Syd.) E.J. Butler & Bisby or C. g/oeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz. C. capsici has also been reported to infect a wide range of legume species (Pring et al., 1995). Chilli important Fruit maturity stage has been shown to be important in the infection and colonisation of C. annuum chilli fruit by C. gloeosporioides with red fruit being more resistant than green fruit (Kim et al., 2001,2002; Oh et al., 1999a, 1999b). However, (Manandhar et al., 1995) reported that both ripe and green chilli fruits reacted the same to either C. capsici or C. gloeosporioides. Three laboratory inoculation methods (injection, drop and wound/drop) for studying anthracnose diseases of C. annuum chilli hav~ been developed. The injection and drop methods were developed at
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Papers by Chutchamas KANCHANA-UDOMKAN