Papers by Chukwuma stephen
Kidney International Reports, 2021
Kidney International Reports, 2021
F1000Research, 2021
Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) type 1 is a rare hereditary metabolic disorder resulting in accumulati... more Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) type 1 is a rare hereditary metabolic disorder resulting in accumulation of calcium oxalate in several organs, including the heart. Cardiac oxalosis in PH is poorly described in the medical literature. We report the case of a 42-year-old woman diagnosed with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and end-stage renal failure who presented with syncope related to a paroxysmal third-degree atrioventricular block. The patient benefited from the implantation of a dual chamber pacemaker with a good outcome. Conduction blocks in case of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 are exceptional; in fact, less than five reports have previously been published in the medical literature. With this case, we would like to highlight the need for regular and careful monitoring of cardiac status in patients treated for primary oxalosis, especially when renal function is impaired.
Transplantation, 2018
Operando assessment of electronic properties near the Fermi level is essential to gain new insigh... more Operando assessment of electronic properties near the Fermi level is essential to gain new insights into the mechanisms of electrochemical reactions as well as for the development of more efficient electrocatalysts. However, the high vacuum ambient needed for X-ray absorption measurements at low energies has made studies under electrochemical conditions quite challenging. Here, we describe an out-of-chamber setup with a new electrochemical cell that allowed us to performed operando X-ray absorption studies at the low energy of the Pd L3 edge. Using the new electrochemical cell, we were able to probe, for the first time, the changes in electronic properties of carbon-supported Pd nanoparticles induced by the electrochemical oxidation of the Pd surface. Our results demonstrate that the oxidation process produces an increase in the Pd 4d band vacancy, which indicates that charge is transferred from the metal to the adsorbed oxygenated species.
Transplantation, 2018
Introduction Infectious complications are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney tra... more Introduction Infectious complications are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipient. The aim of this study is to evaluate the occurrence of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections in kidney transplant recipients. Material and Methods This is a retrospective and descriptive study; we evaluated the risk factors and outcomes of infectious complications in the first year after transplantation. Results About 66 patients were evaluated. The recipients included 46 males and 21 females of overall mean age of 37.2 +- 9.6 years (range, 20 - 57 years). For the 66 patients, 68 infectious episodes occurred. The most frequent infections were urinary tract infection (51.47%), respiratory tract infections (17.64%) and cutaneous infections (14.7%). Gram negative rods were found to be major pathogen in urinary tract infections cases. Viral infections after transplantation were CMV infection (5.8 %) and zona zoster (2.9 %). During the first 3 months 22 infectious episodes (32.35%) were observed; 11 infectious episodes (16.17%) between 3 and 6 months and 14 infectious episodes (20.58%) between 6 and 12 months post renal transplantation. Discussion Our study showed similar results concerning urinary and CMV infections. Because of immunosuppression, kidney transplant recipients are vulnerable to a wider variety of common and opportunistic infections and may not demonstrate classic signs and symptoms of infections, so a heightened knowledge and awareness of these risks are required for accurate diagnosis and proper care. The first month after transplant is characterized by hospital-acquired and post surgical infections as well as donor-derived infections. From 1 to 6 months, kidney transplant recipients are susceptible to a variety of opportunistic infections, including CMV, herpes simplex, varicella zoster virus like in our study. In our patients, no cases of aspergillus or tuberculosis were noted. After 6 months, transplant recipients are usually infected with more common infections, such as Pneumococcus, Legionella, and respiratory viruses, although the risk of opportunistic infections is never eliminated. Conclusion Infectious complications in kidney recipient cause morbidities and mortality. Early diagnosis and successful treatment of these complications are paramount to prevent graft failure and other significant morbidities to the patients.
Transplantation, 2018
Introduction New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) contributes into cardiovascular dis... more Introduction New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) contributes into cardiovascular disease and infection, reducing graft and patient survival. To improve the outcome of kidney transplant recipients (KTR), it is of great interest to know precisely the incidence of NODAT in KTR. Materials and Methods This study included 63 non-diabetes renal allograft recipients, transplanted from 2010 to 2016 in our department. We assessed the incidence of NODAT. Results We examined all recipients of a kidney transplant in our center between 2010 and 2016 and found an overall NODAT rate of 14.28% (9 patients) in whom 4 patients were diagnosed by 3 months, 3 patients between 6 and 12 months and 2 patients at 24 months. They included 6 males and 3 females of overall mean age of 36.2 years (range, 28-50 years). A positive family history for diabetes was found in 3 patients. Two patients were in overweight (25<=BMI<30). No history of CMV infection was not in these 9 patients. In our study, 8 patients (88.9%) received tacrolimus and 1 patient received cyclosporine. After a mean fallow up of 24 months, graft survival was at 98% in these 9 patients. Discussion It is well established that NODAT usually occurs early after kidney transplantation. One long-term study conducted between 1976 and 2004 in 1580 Egyptian KTR demonstrated a diagnosis of NODAT in 18.2% patients overall, in whom 52.4% were diagnosed by 6 months and 11.5% between 6 and 12 months. A French study of 527 KTR indicated a median time-to-onset of 1.6 months, with an incidence of 7% over 2 years. Incidence estimates in the United States are 9.1% at 3 months, 16% at 12 months, and 24% at 36 months. Non-modifiable risk factors include advancing age, black race, a positive family history for diabetes, and previously diagnosed glucose intolerance. Older age is the strongest and most consistent risk factor for NODAT in kidney transplantation and is reported in the majority of studies. Obesity has been estimated to increase the risk for NODAT. The relationship between NODAT and the immunosuppressive medications used after transplantation has been well documented. The agents most strongly associated with NODAT are corticosteroids and tacrolimus. Increased insulin resistance and weight gain are widely thought to be the main mechanisms involved in corticosteroid-induced NODAT. The association of viral infections (Cytomegalovirus, hepatitis C virus) and NODAT has a long been suggested, although the pathogenetic mechanisms linking this association are poorly understood and further perspective study needs to clarify this issue. Conclusion Regardless of the implications of NODAT for cardiovascular risk, graft function, or mortality, a diagnosis of NODAT carries great significance for the individual patient. Patients should be screened for risk factors before transplantation in order to prospectively tailor their immunosuppression and minimize the risk of NODAT.
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2017
during 6-12 months. In comparison with patients who haven't developed spontaneous remission (SR),... more during 6-12 months. In comparison with patients who haven't developed spontaneous remission (SR), SR patients showed a lower proteinuria (2.2g/24h VS 3.2g/24h, p<0.01), and a higher serum albumin level (28.7565.87g/l VS 25.5165.40g/l, p<0.01) at baseline. The patients without microscopic hematuria show a higher proportion of spontaneous remission rate and in a more rapid way (median time of spontaneous remission:11months Vs 14 months, p=0.046). Although not statistically significant, patients with PLA2R staining negative in renal tissue(4/39) were prone to achieve a spontaneous remission comparing to patients with positive PLA2R staining (35/39). (p>0.01) There is no other significant difference in clinical and pathological changes between 2 groups. By cox multivariate analysis, higher serum albumin level (HR:1.043,95% CI:1.001-1.087,p=0.046) and absence of microscopic hematuria (HR: 1.494, 95% CI: 1.005-2.222, p=0.047) at baseline are independent predictors of spontaneous remission. During the follow-up, none of the patients developed ESRD. CONCLUSIONS: High serum albumin level and absence of microscopic hematuria are two independent predictors for spontaneous remission in Chinese IMN patients. Extend the observation time to longer than 6 months could be suggested to wait for a spontaneous remission.
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2017
Agricultural Reviews, 2021
World population is going on increasing, it may be 2.4 billion by 2050, but stabilizing the yield... more World population is going on increasing, it may be 2.4 billion by 2050, but stabilizing the yield of crop is questionable in Indian agriculture due to improper management of agricultural land. Excess tillage accelerate the organic matter oxidation present on the top soil, soil erosion and creates subsurface hard pan. This makes the field unsuitable for cultivation of crops in future. Climate change is worsening the situation by imposing water scarcity in India. So to evade these problems, conservation agriculture is the only way. Main objectives of conservation agriculture is reducing tillage, year round cropping, crop rotation, mulching may be live or residue. Due to reduced mechanical tillage, activity of micro flora and macro flora get increases that improves biological tillage of soil, that in turn improves soil structure and enhances the plant growth. Most of the studies showed that the cost of wheat production and CO2 emission from the field is reduced when conservation agricu...
This paper examined the impact of corporate governance on performance of manufacturing firms in N... more This paper examined the impact of corporate governance on performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional data from a sample of thirty (30) manufacturing firms drawn from the quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria that audited their annual financial statement from the period of 2010 to 2014. We conducted descriptive statistics, correlation and White Heteroskedasticity regression analysis for the empirical testing. The empirical findings revealed that Chief Executive Officer Shareholding has a positive and a significant impact on organizational performance at 5% level of significance. Director’s shareholding has a negative and a significant impact on organizational performance at 1% level of significance. Board size has a positive and a significant impact on organizational performance at 1% level of significance. Board gender has a negative and an insignificant impact on organizational performance at more than 10% level of significance. On the b...
The study investigated the levels of protein, energy, and moisture content as well as amino acid ... more The study investigated the levels of protein, energy, and moisture content as well as amino acid composition in some oilseed samples, using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Technique, while other analysis were carried out using the standard methods of Association of official analytical chemists. All the samples were procured from Wukari market, Taraba State. The mean moisture content determined for the samples was at safe levels at the range (8.76±0.0141 9.75±0.0000 %). The highest protein level obtained (40.006±0.0078 %) was in Glycine max while the least was observed in Citrullus vulgaris (20.449±0.0233 %). Amino acids had the following range in the samples analysed such as: Glycine max (2.065±0.007-9.115±0.0070 g/100g), Sesamum indicum (Sesame seeds) (1.5±0.0141 9.11±0.0141 g/100g), Arachis hypogaea ((1.645±0.0070-9.710 g/100g), and Citrullus vulgaris seed samples (1.050±0.01418.150±0.0141 g/100g). The study revealed that Glycine max (Soybean seeds) had the highest ...
Burukutu, an indigenous alcoholic beverage (made from cereals, sometimes in composites), is widel... more Burukutu, an indigenous alcoholic beverage (made from cereals, sometimes in composites), is widely consumed in Nigeria as a close substitute for the expensive labelled beers. This research sought to comparatively quantify the nutritional content of Burukutu made exclusively from one of three different cereals. Burukutu samples made from a single cereal ingredient (sorghum, millet or corn) were purchased from different brewers in Wukari metropolis, Nigeria. The AOAC standard methods of food analysis were employed in this study. The percentage nutritional contents of the respective cereal drinks (sorghum, millet and corn) were shown to vary significantly (p < 0.05) – except for vitamin B2: carbohydrates (4.78±0.03; 5.56±0.01; 6.08±0.02); fats (1.07±0.01; 0.80±0.01; 0.52±0.01); proteins (2.74±0.01; 1.95±0.01; 1.47±0.01); vitamins B1 (0.0645±0.0005; 0.0575±0.0005; 0.0515±0.0005) IU/mL; B2 (0.0625±0.0005; 0.0515±0.0005; 0.0420±0.0010) mg/100mL; B6 (0.052±0.0010; 0.046±0.0010; 0.035±0....
Purpose: This study investigated the effects of orally administered extracts of Datura metel (lea... more Purpose: This study investigated the effects of orally administered extracts of Datura metel (leaf, seed and fruit) on blood sugar and serum protein levels. Methods: Thirty-five (35) male Wistar rats were randomly allotted into seven (7) groups and each group had five rats. Each group was administered orally varying amounts of Datura metel for one week consecutively according to their body weights. The normal control (group1) received normal saline, groups two and three received leaf extract at low and high doses (300mg/kg bw and 600mg/kg bw) respectively. Groups four and five received seed extract at low and high doses respectively, while groups six and seven received fruit extract at low and high doses respectively. Blood samples were taken at the eighth day from the animals through the heart by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Results: Generally, lower levels of blood sugar were observed in virtually all the groups when compared to the control (71.75±4.57mg/dl), however...
The rate of biodegradation of crude oil under natural environment was examined. Crude oil contami... more The rate of biodegradation of crude oil under natural environment was examined. Crude oil contaminated soil was simulated. A quantity of 24kg of the soil was divided into 3 groups of 8kg each, consisting of soil samples contaminated with Petrol Hydrocarbon (PHC) in the concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20 % w/w. After a week of soil preparation, 6 viable Zea mays seeds were planted on each pot. Nurseries of the Zea mays seeds were also raised and used for transplanting were necessary. After 8 weeks of growth, bioaccumulation of crude oil in leaves of the Zea mays L as well as the quantity of crude oil remaining in the contaminated soil were determined. The concentration of crude oil was extracted using 10ml of 1:1 Ethanol/Chloroform mixture to extract the crude oil from 1g of each contaminated soil as well as Zea mays biomass cultivated on each contaminated soil was extracted at 8 weeks of studies. The result from the finding indicated that 5%, 10% and 20% (PHC) contaminated soils had 0...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2015
Water lily (Nymphaea lotus) bulbs from Mankhanwa River in Ibi – Nigeria were quantified for their... more Water lily (Nymphaea lotus) bulbs from Mankhanwa River in Ibi – Nigeria were quantified for their biochemical composition. Proximate composition, anti-nutritional factors, minerals, vitamins and phytochemical contents in the plant bulb were assayed using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) standard methods. Values were obtained in duplicate and results tabulated using mean ± standard deviation. The result of the proximate analysis shows the following composition: crude fat (5.07 ± 0.01%), crude fiber (13.30 ± 0.02), crude protein (21.66 ± 0.01), ash (8.34 ± 0.01), moisture (9.72 ± 0.00) and carbohydrate (41.92 ± 0.06%). The present research also revealed that Nymphaea lotus bulb contains some vital phytochemicals: phytate (3.68 ± 0.01 mg/100g), tannin (13.63 ± 0.01), saponins (4.89 ± 0.01) and lycopene (1.96 ± 0.01) and very rich in minerals: phosphorus (635.39 ± 0.01 mg/100g), potassium (742.89 ± 0.04), sodium (431.53 ± 0.01), zinc (8.16 ± 0.01) and magnesium (87.46 ...
In this study, biochemical composition and sensory evaluation of yoghurts from soy, cow and comme... more In this study, biochemical composition and sensory evaluation of yoghurts from soy, cow and commercial milk was carried out. Proximate analysis carried out on samples of cow yoghurt (CY), soy yoghurt (SY), cow/soy yoghurt (CSY) and commercial yoghurts (CMY), showed significant difference (P<0.05) in crude protein of (SY) 6.27% and cow/soy yoghurt (CSY) 6.87%. However, there was no significant difference between CSY and CMY 7.09%. The crude fat in SY (4.44%) differs significantly with that of CMY (4.79%) but there was no significant difference between CSY (4.64%) and CMY (4.79%). The ash content of CMY (0.98%) was higher compare to CSY (0.65%). No significant difference was observed in the moisture content of the three samples, but SY had the highest value (8.29%) of carbohydrate content. The percentage lactic acid of the samples was found to be significantly different (p<0.05) between CMY (0.89%) and CSY (0.74%). SY and CY had no significant different in (%) lactic acid (0.63%...
Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology
This work gives an overview on bioplastics, focusing on their synthesis from biomass sources. It ... more This work gives an overview on bioplastics, focusing on their synthesis from biomass sources. It equally deals with different classes of bioplastics and their possible sources. The background challenge it proffers solution to is that of conventional plastics of petroleum origin, widely in use which has become undesirable due to their non-biodegradable nature and the attendant environmental problems which negate their otherwise great usefulness. This research attempts to also emphasize the incidence of polymer components in biomass and the biochemical approaches of synthesizing these polymers into bioplastics. Finally, it introduced different biopolymers currently researched. With more innovations in biopolymer technology, it is hoped that bioplastic will be of more usefulness in the near future.
International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences, 2016
This paper examined the activities/policies of privatization and commercialization of public ente... more This paper examined the activities/policies of privatization and commercialization of public enterprises in Nigeria and how they have affected the development of the Nation. Although, some of the problems facing public- owned enterprise were examined as well. It looked at the pressure on the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to fully implement the structural adjustment program that leads to massive deregulation, privatization, and commercialization of public owned enterprises. In addition, it looked at the merits if any, of privatization and commercialization through extensive theoretical review of the performance of the private enterprise in Nigeria. Theories, rationale, and challenges of privatization and commercialization were addressed. The conclusion was that privatization is a good policy measure, which must be pursued with vigor, truth, sincerity, and transparencies even though the government is using such policies to foster a new division of labor between the public and priv...
MATTER: International Journal of Science and Technology, 2016
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Papers by Chukwuma stephen