Papers by Christofer Waldenström
Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, Dec 1, 2010
... Requirements for psychological models to support design: Toward ecological task analysis. In ... more ... Requirements for psychological models to support design: Toward ecological task analysis. In J. Flach, P. Hancock, J. Caird, & K. Vicente (Eds.), Global perspectives on the ecology of human-machine systems (Vol. 1, pp. ... (2005). Doktrin för marina operationer [Naval doctrine]. ...
Naval War College Review, 2013
ieee international multi-disciplinary conference on cognitive methods in situation awareness and decision support, Mar 6, 2012
Presents an microworld for investigating the effects of visualizing expanding search areas to sup... more Presents an microworld for investigating the effects of visualizing expanding search areas to support the building of a naval force's common operational picture. The microworld simulates naval warfare operations, and in it, two participants can play against each other in an operations area where both own units and neutrals may be present. The participants control combat vessels used to locate and attack the enemy, and high value objects that should be protected. The map of the operations area is configurable and the units' weapons and sensors can be defined by the experimenter. The microworld displays an individual operational picture to each player complied from the sensor information provided by that player's units. To investigate visualization, expanding search areas can be added to enhance the operational picture, and algorithms based on these areas can be used to let the computer help the participant identify enemies from neutrals. The integration of expanding search areas into the operational picture is illustrated. The unit classification algorithms based on expanding search areas are explained, and examples of how they work are presented. Experimental setups are presented together with initial evaluations of the microworld.
This paper presents a model of how military commanders estimate the threat posed by the enemy in ... more This paper presents a model of how military commanders estimate the threat posed by the enemy in a tactical situation and how they use own forces to control that threat. The model is based on interviews with nine commanders from the Swedish navy and the purpose is to find automatic and adequate methods for reasoning about strategic issues based on the long-time experience of highly qualified military officers. The results show that the number of enemy units, the types of enemy units, the behavior of the enemy units, and the uncertainties regarding the number, types, and behavior determines the threat in a tactical situation. The own course of action works as a threat altering function to control that threat. When the commander should decide on a course of action, we suggest that it should be selected so it minimizes the expected threat.
This paper presents an exploratory microworld study with the aim to identify individual dierences... more This paper presents an exploratory microworld study with the aim to identify individual dierences between participants, and relate those dierence to how well the participant solves the task. Six oc ...
This article is concerned with what decision makers perceive as difficult in military sensemaking... more This article is concerned with what decision makers perceive as difficult in military sensemaking. To answer this question interviews with 9 Swedish navy officers were conducted using issues from military planning manuals together with mission activities as basis for the questions. The results show that the respondents perceive difficulties in mainly three areas: the enemy (enemy forces, enemy courses of action); own courses of action; and, initiation of replanning. Looking at the reason for the perceived difficulties, uncertainty emerged as a major cause and the difficulties were linked to uncertainty in two ways: they were either caused by uncertainty or they could cause uncertainty. Sensemaking require two things of people: they have to come up with an idea of what to do, and they have to make sure that the idea accomplishes the mission. This study shows that what is difficult in sensemaking is not coming up with something to do; what is difficult is ensuring that the idea accomp...
Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 2010
... Requirements for psychological models to support design: Toward ecological task analysis. In ... more ... Requirements for psychological models to support design: Toward ecological task analysis. In J. Flach, P. Hancock, J. Caird, & K. Vicente (Eds.), Global perspectives on the ecology of human-machine systems (Vol. 1, pp. ... (2005). Doktrin för marina operationer [Naval doctrine]. ...
Kes, Sep 12, 2007
Decision-making requires coping with uncertainties. Technical decision-support has traditionally ... more Decision-making requires coping with uncertainties. Technical decision-support has traditionally focused on trying to represent these uncertainties and perform reasoning under uncertain conditions using probability theory or one of its relatives. An alternative method for handling uncertainty is to study what decision-makers actually do when encountering uncertainty and try to develop a system that supports or utilizes those activities. This paper suggests an agent based system that gives the decision-maker an opportunity to evaluate what impact different assumptions have on a plan. The system tracks uncertainties encountered during planning and use these uncertainties to generate a set of scenarios. The scenarios are then tested for workability in a cooperative process between the planners and the system. The purpose of such evaluation is to make sure the plan is workable in a worst-case scenario and to identify the uncertainty(s) that has most impact on the mission.
This thesis investigates a decision aid to support tasks where there is an initial sighting of an... more This thesis investigates a decision aid to support tasks where there is an initial sighting of an object and then the decision maker has to guide some vehicles, either to reestablish contact with t ...
Numerous studies have demonstrated that vegetation canopies affect snow accumulation and ablation... more Numerous studies have demonstrated that vegetation canopies affect snow accumulation and ablation processes. In addition, estimates of remotely sensed snow covered area can be biased by the presence of an overlying vegetation canopy. Consequently, any attempts to measure, model, or map the distribution of snow in a region with heterogeneous vegetation cover would benefit from a more complete understanding of both the relationship between vegetation density and snow cover on the ground as well as the relationship between remotely sensed snow covered area and actual snow covered area under various vegetation densities. The research presented here explores both of these relationships. Chapter 2 describes, qualitatively and quantitatively, the relationship between canopy gap fraction (the inverse of canopy density) and snow accumulation at fine spatial scales in Glacier National Park, Montana. Gap fraction and snow cover data from two winters were compared along eight vegetation-snow transects representing a range of landscape types, including dense forest, variable density forests with openings, forest-grassland mosaics, and burned-unburned forest mosaics. The data suggest that the relationship between gap fraction and snow accumulation depends
6th international symposium …, 2009
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Papers by Christofer Waldenström