This paper discusses the case of an urban, local government program for food security. The object... more This paper discusses the case of an urban, local government program for food security. The objectives are 1)to describe the main projects under this program; and 2) to suggest some of the factors leading to, or accounting for, the program's apparent success. Although it concludes that it ...
This paper discusses the case of an urban, local government program for food security. The object... more This paper discusses the case of an urban, local government program for food security. The objectives are 1)to describe the main projects under this program; and 2) to suggest some of the factors leading to, or accounting for, the program's apparent success. Although it concludes that it ...
At the center of the rationale provided by economics for government intervention is the idea of m... more At the center of the rationale provided by economics for government intervention is the idea of market failure. The paper argues that the economic theory of market failure, and in particularly the concepts of externalities and public goods, can be effectively used for analyzing and ...
With a population of 2.5 million people, the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, is a world pioneer i... more With a population of 2.5 million people, the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, is a world pioneer in tackling food consumption, distribution and production as components of an integrated urban policy for food security. The paper gives a description of the main programmes and ...
Brazil is on track to achieve many of the Millennium Development Goals, and this is widely credit... more Brazil is on track to achieve many of the Millennium Development Goals, and this is widely credited to bold and innovative government policies backed by new forms of popular participation in social policy. This article examines evaluation evidence on two of the most important recent initiatives in Brazil's policies for food and nutrition security (conditional cash transfers through Bolsa Família and support for family agriculture through the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos). It also considers advances in older policies (such as the School Meals programme) and the work of the National Council for Food and Nutrition Security, which has culminated in national legislation establishing food and nutrition security as a right.
The lower esophageal sphincter and the diaphragmatic crural sling form the gastroesophageal barri... more The lower esophageal sphincter and the diaphragmatic crural sling form the gastroesophageal barrier. This work shows that division of the sphincteric component alone suffices to induce reflux esophagitis in piglets. Male piglets underwent either sham operation (n = 7) or extramucosal myotomy of the gastroesophageal junction (n = 8). Before and 1 week after the operation, pull-through manometry was performed under sedation. Pressures taken on the 4 quadrants at 20 1-mm intervals on both time endpoints were compared by pairwise Wilcoxon tests. The distal esophagus was studied histologically after 8 weeks. The pressure profiles did not change after sham operation. In contrast, they were significantly flattened in the distal half of the high-pressure zone after myotomy reflecting disappearance of the sphincteric component of the barrier. Esophagitis was seen in all myotomized piglets but in none from the sham group. Lower esophageal sphincter myotomy alone with preservation of the crural sling induces reflux esophagitis in piglets. This animal, widely available and not too costly, is an excellent model for gastroesophageal research.
This paper discusses the case of an urban, local government program for food security. The object... more This paper discusses the case of an urban, local government program for food security. The objectives are 1)to describe the main projects under this program; and 2) to suggest some of the factors leading to, or accounting for, the program's apparent success. Although it concludes that it ...
This paper discusses the case of an urban, local government program for food security. The object... more This paper discusses the case of an urban, local government program for food security. The objectives are 1)to describe the main projects under this program; and 2) to suggest some of the factors leading to, or accounting for, the program's apparent success. Although it concludes that it ...
At the center of the rationale provided by economics for government intervention is the idea of m... more At the center of the rationale provided by economics for government intervention is the idea of market failure. The paper argues that the economic theory of market failure, and in particularly the concepts of externalities and public goods, can be effectively used for analyzing and ...
With a population of 2.5 million people, the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, is a world pioneer i... more With a population of 2.5 million people, the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, is a world pioneer in tackling food consumption, distribution and production as components of an integrated urban policy for food security. The paper gives a description of the main programmes and ...
Brazil is on track to achieve many of the Millennium Development Goals, and this is widely credit... more Brazil is on track to achieve many of the Millennium Development Goals, and this is widely credited to bold and innovative government policies backed by new forms of popular participation in social policy. This article examines evaluation evidence on two of the most important recent initiatives in Brazil's policies for food and nutrition security (conditional cash transfers through Bolsa Família and support for family agriculture through the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos). It also considers advances in older policies (such as the School Meals programme) and the work of the National Council for Food and Nutrition Security, which has culminated in national legislation establishing food and nutrition security as a right.
The lower esophageal sphincter and the diaphragmatic crural sling form the gastroesophageal barri... more The lower esophageal sphincter and the diaphragmatic crural sling form the gastroesophageal barrier. This work shows that division of the sphincteric component alone suffices to induce reflux esophagitis in piglets. Male piglets underwent either sham operation (n = 7) or extramucosal myotomy of the gastroesophageal junction (n = 8). Before and 1 week after the operation, pull-through manometry was performed under sedation. Pressures taken on the 4 quadrants at 20 1-mm intervals on both time endpoints were compared by pairwise Wilcoxon tests. The distal esophagus was studied histologically after 8 weeks. The pressure profiles did not change after sham operation. In contrast, they were significantly flattened in the distal half of the high-pressure zone after myotomy reflecting disappearance of the sphincteric component of the barrier. Esophagitis was seen in all myotomized piglets but in none from the sham group. Lower esophageal sphincter myotomy alone with preservation of the crural sling induces reflux esophagitis in piglets. This animal, widely available and not too costly, is an excellent model for gastroesophageal research.
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Papers by Cecilia Rocha