RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade de conteúdo e de estrut... more RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade de conteúdo e de estrutura interna e avaliar a precisão da Escala Breve de Compaixão Santa Clara para o contexto brasileiro. Os itens foram adaptados por experts e, posteriormente, foram submetidos à avaliação de juízes e amostras da população-alvo em aplicações-piloto. Os resultados dessa etapa demonstraram a equivalência semântica e logística da versão adaptada. Para avaliação de consistência interna e da validade baseada em estrutura interna, o instrumento foi preenchido por 422 indivíduos e os dados foram submetidos à análise de alfa de Cronbach e análise fatorial exploratória, respectivamente. A escala apresentou índice adequado de consistência interna (α=0,84) e a análise fatorial resultou em uma solução unifatorial, explicando 62,48% da variância. Os resultados psicométricos da escala adaptada foram próximos dos obtidos na escala original, indicando a pertinência do uso do instrumento em âmbito nacional. Palavras-chave: compaixão, estudos de validação, avaliação psicológica, psicometria, comportamento pró-social. ABSTRACT-Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale: Psychometric Properties for the Brazilian Context The present study aimed to find content validity and internal structure evidence, and to evaluate precision of the Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale for the Brazilian context. The items were adapted by experts and, subsequently, were submitted for the evaluation of judges and samples with the target population in pilot applications. Results of this stage demonstrated the semantic and logistic equivalence of the adapted version. To evaluate internal consistency and validity based on internal structure, 422 individuals responded to the instrument and the data were submitted to Cronbach's Alpha Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis, respectively. The scale presented an adequate internal consistency index (α=0.84) and the factorial analysis resulted in a one-factor solution, accounting for 62.48% of the variance. The psychometric results of the adapted scale were close to those obtained by the original scale, indicating the pertinence of the use of the instrument at the national level.
School is configured as a social space that can essentially contribute to cognitive and emotional... more School is configured as a social space that can essentially contribute to cognitive and emotional evolvement. Furthermore, it emerges as an important resource for Positive Psychology. This review aimed to evaluate studies that present interventions based on Positive Education. Databases searched were MEDLINE, LILACS, Psycinfo, SciELO, and Scopus, using the terms "Positive Education" and "Intervention". The study's analysis was descriptive, and the characteristics of the interventions were reported. Fourteen studies that met the proposed eligibility criteria were included. As a result, nine studies were focused on positive education in the children's and adolescents, three were directed to college students, and two exclusively meant for teachers and school leaders. The importance of stimulating the development of strength of character among students were apparent.
There is a growing recognition that positive psychological functioning (which includes constructs... more There is a growing recognition that positive psychological functioning (which includes constructs such as optimism and hope) influences health. However, the understanding of these underlying mechanisms in relation to health is limited. Therefore, this review sought to identify what the scientific literature says about the influence of optimism and hope on chronic disease treatment. A search was conducted in the PsycINFO, Scopus, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases using the indexing terms optimism, hope, chronic diseases, randomized controlled trial, and treatment between 1998 and 2015. In the articles, we identified the most studied diseases in context, the assessment instruments used, the participant characteristics investigated, the results found, and the publication dates. From our analysis of the articles that met our inclusion criteria, it appears that the study of these constructs is recent and there is evidence that individuals with greater optimism and hope seek to engage in healthier behaviors, regardless of their clinical status, and that this contributes to chronic disease treatment. More research is needed so that targeted interventions can be carried out effectively in chronic disease treatment.
To assess the effect of a nutrition education intervention on nutritional factors and oxidative s... more To assess the effect of a nutrition education intervention on nutritional factors and oxidative stress during treatment of breast cancer. Nonrandomized clinical trial conducted in 2010-2011, including an evaluation at baseline and after 12 months. Women from Brazil who had breast cancer, divided into an intervention group (IG) (n = 18) and comparison group (n = 75). To increase intake of fruits and vegetables and reduce red and processed meats, via telephone and printed materials. Food intake, anthropometry, and levels of lipid hydroperoxide, carbonyl proteins, reduced glutathione, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney or t tests for baseline data; Wilcoxon or paired t tests for intra-group outcomes, linear regression models, and Bonferroni multiplicity adjustment. The researchers observed an increase in fruit and vegetable intake, reduction in red and processed meat intake, no change in body weight, and an increase in glutathione in the IG over the comparison group. However, after Bonferroni adjustment, only the consumption of fruits and vegetables and fruit was significantly higher in IG. This study presents improved dietary changes after a theory-driven nutrition education intervention. Although the sample size is small, it has proven to be clinically relevant.
To the Editor: Adjuvant chemotherapy has been found to be a strong clinical predictor of weight g... more To the Editor: Adjuvant chemotherapy has been found to be a strong clinical predictor of weight gain in women with early-stage breast cancer, and the extent of weight gain in response to chemotherapy appears to be dependent on the antineoplastic agents used (1,2). Several antineoplastic agents, such as anthracyclines, have been related to increased oxidative stress during cancer chemotherapy (3,4). Based on this knowledge, we evaluated 66 breast cancer patients who were operated on between October 2006 and May 2010. The study was carried out in two stages. The first was performed at the baseline, in the presurgery phase, before beginning any form of antineoplastic treatment. The second stage was conducted after the end of the adjuvant treatments for breast cancer. The patients were divided according to the treatment for cancer into the treatment groups of “non-chemotherapy” (n = 22) and “chemotherapy” (n = 44). Most of the patients in the chemotherapy group (82%) were undergoing therapy with anthracyclines: 23 (52%) received ACT (adriamycin-[doxorubicin 60 mg/m], cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m, taxol-[paclitaxel 80 mg/m]); 13 (30%) received FAC (5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m, doxorubicin 85 mg/m, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m), and 8 (18%) received nonanthracycline CMF (cyclophosphamide 600 mg/ m, methotrexate 40 mg/m, and 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m) therapy. The chemotherapy treatment was administered intravenously in 4 or 6 cycles at intervals of 3 weeks. The mean age for the participating sample was 53 years (33–77 years). Forty-four percent (n = 29) of the patients were overweight and 23% (n = 15) were obese at the baseline. After chemotherapy treatment, we detected a significant increase of 5% (or 3.5 kg), on average, in the body weight of the breast cancer patients in comparison with the baseline values (p < 0.001). This increase was also statistically different from what was found for the nonchemotherapy variation (0.8% or 0.6 kg, on average; p < 0.05). All three chemotherapy protocols that were applied increased the body weight of cancer patients in comparison with the respective baseline values, and, although significant, the differences were slight (Fig. 1a). For example, the FAC protocol promoted a significant increase of 7.5% (or 5.9 kg) in the body weight compared with ACT and CMF, which both showed a similar increase by 3% (or 1.9 kg) and 4.5% (or 4.0 kg), respectively (p < 0.05; Fig. 1b). With the nonchemotherapy protocol, the body weight of the cancer patients did not change significantly. Treatments with chemotherapy protocols also increased the levels of the oxidative biomarkers thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and carbonyls. After chemotherapy with FAC, there was a significant increase of 78% and 36.5% in the plasma levels of TBARS and carbonyls, respectively (Fig. 2a and c; p < 0.05), and no significant increase in the serum LOOH levels (Fig. 2b). On the other hand, after chemotherapy with ACT, a significant increase of 105% in the serum LOOH levels was observed (Fig. 2b; p < 0.05), while the plasma levels of TBARS and carbonyls were unchanged (Fig. 2a and c). In those patients undergoing chemotherapy with CMF, there was a significant increase of 40% in the plasma carbonyls levels when compared with the baseline values (Fig. 2c; p < 0.05), while no significant changes in the plasma levels of TBARS and LOOH were observed (Fig. 2a and b). In addition, no significant differences were detected among the three chemotherapy protocols ACT, FAC, and CMF for the oxidative stress markers when calculated as relative changes (in percentage) of the baseline values. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Patricia Faria Di Pietro, Programa de P os-Graduac ~ ao em Nutric ~ ao, Centro de Ciências da Sa ude, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universit ario. Trindade, Cep 88040-900, Florian opolis/SC – Brazil, or e-mail: patricia.di. [email protected]
Resumo A Psicologia Positiva aborda potencialidades e virtudes humanas, diferente da Psicologia t... more Resumo A Psicologia Positiva aborda potencialidades e virtudes humanas, diferente da Psicologia tradicional que, até o fim dos anos 90, considerava prioritariamente as questões de cura e reparo de danos. O objeto do presente estudo, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, foi apresentar o perfil dos estudos brasileiros em Psicologia Positiva. Percebe-se que a Psicologia Positiva no Brasil está em fase de expansão, mediante o aumento dos estudos publicados. Porém, apesar dos grandes avanços encontrados, a literatura nacional sobre o tema ainda apresenta lacunas importantes a serem sanadas, especialmente, em relação às intervenções voltadas para a Psicologia Positiva.
Different therapeutic modalities for cancer trigger side effects that affect the selection of foo... more Different therapeutic modalities for cancer trigger side effects that affect the selection of food by changing dietary patterns. To evaluate changes in the diet quality of women in adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Sociodemographic, clinical and anthropometric data of 78 women were collected. The Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised and its components were obtained from food frequency questionnaire applied before and after the treatment. At baseline, participants were classified according to tertiles of diet quality. The score of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) in the lowest tertile was 48.4 to 75.2 points, the second tertile was 75.7 to 81.8 points, and the upper tertile was 82.0 to 95.7 points. During treatment, of the women classified in the first tertile, 62% improved their diet score quality passing to the upper tertiles. Women classified in the second tertile, did not significantly alter the diet quality during the treatment, although 46% went to the ...
The Second Expert Report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Glo... more The Second Expert Report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective from World Cancer Research Fund/ American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR), features general and special recommendations for cancer prevention. To evaluate nutritional and lifestyle characteristics of newly diagnosed women with breast cancer according to WCRF/AICR Second Report recommendations. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 133 women. Diet data were obtained from a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric data by standard procedures. The characteristics of study population were evaluated in comparison with the recommendations of the WCRF/AICR Second Report. Mean age of participants was 51.6 ± 10.98 (range 28-78) years; 35% was obese and 51% had waist circumference higher than the maximum cut-off value. Regarding life style, 80% of participants were sedentary, 89% reported diet presenting energy density higher than 125 kcal/100 g, 51% reported consumption of fruits and vegetables lower than 400 g/day, and 47% reported high consumption of red or processed meat (≥ 500 g per week). Just 3% related consumption of alcoholic beverages above the recommendation (15 g/day), 82% presented the intake of sodium lower than the limit recommended (2.4 g/day), and the use of dietary supplements was reported by 11% of the subjects. Finally 51% of women reported breast feeding for less than 6 months. Inadequacies were observed related to behavior factors that can result in weight gain, such as inadequate physical activity and high energy density diet.
RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade de conteúdo e de estrut... more RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade de conteúdo e de estrutura interna e avaliar a precisão da Escala Breve de Compaixão Santa Clara para o contexto brasileiro. Os itens foram adaptados por experts e, posteriormente, foram submetidos à avaliação de juízes e amostras da população-alvo em aplicações-piloto. Os resultados dessa etapa demonstraram a equivalência semântica e logística da versão adaptada. Para avaliação de consistência interna e da validade baseada em estrutura interna, o instrumento foi preenchido por 422 indivíduos e os dados foram submetidos à análise de alfa de Cronbach e análise fatorial exploratória, respectivamente. A escala apresentou índice adequado de consistência interna (α=0,84) e a análise fatorial resultou em uma solução unifatorial, explicando 62,48% da variância. Os resultados psicométricos da escala adaptada foram próximos dos obtidos na escala original, indicando a pertinência do uso do instrumento em âmbito nacional. Palavras-chave: compaixão, estudos de validação, avaliação psicológica, psicometria, comportamento pró-social. ABSTRACT-Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale: Psychometric Properties for the Brazilian Context The present study aimed to find content validity and internal structure evidence, and to evaluate precision of the Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale for the Brazilian context. The items were adapted by experts and, subsequently, were submitted for the evaluation of judges and samples with the target population in pilot applications. Results of this stage demonstrated the semantic and logistic equivalence of the adapted version. To evaluate internal consistency and validity based on internal structure, 422 individuals responded to the instrument and the data were submitted to Cronbach's Alpha Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis, respectively. The scale presented an adequate internal consistency index (α=0.84) and the factorial analysis resulted in a one-factor solution, accounting for 62.48% of the variance. The psychometric results of the adapted scale were close to those obtained by the original scale, indicating the pertinence of the use of the instrument at the national level.
School is configured as a social space that can essentially contribute to cognitive and emotional... more School is configured as a social space that can essentially contribute to cognitive and emotional evolvement. Furthermore, it emerges as an important resource for Positive Psychology. This review aimed to evaluate studies that present interventions based on Positive Education. Databases searched were MEDLINE, LILACS, Psycinfo, SciELO, and Scopus, using the terms "Positive Education" and "Intervention". The study's analysis was descriptive, and the characteristics of the interventions were reported. Fourteen studies that met the proposed eligibility criteria were included. As a result, nine studies were focused on positive education in the children's and adolescents, three were directed to college students, and two exclusively meant for teachers and school leaders. The importance of stimulating the development of strength of character among students were apparent.
There is a growing recognition that positive psychological functioning (which includes constructs... more There is a growing recognition that positive psychological functioning (which includes constructs such as optimism and hope) influences health. However, the understanding of these underlying mechanisms in relation to health is limited. Therefore, this review sought to identify what the scientific literature says about the influence of optimism and hope on chronic disease treatment. A search was conducted in the PsycINFO, Scopus, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases using the indexing terms optimism, hope, chronic diseases, randomized controlled trial, and treatment between 1998 and 2015. In the articles, we identified the most studied diseases in context, the assessment instruments used, the participant characteristics investigated, the results found, and the publication dates. From our analysis of the articles that met our inclusion criteria, it appears that the study of these constructs is recent and there is evidence that individuals with greater optimism and hope seek to engage in healthier behaviors, regardless of their clinical status, and that this contributes to chronic disease treatment. More research is needed so that targeted interventions can be carried out effectively in chronic disease treatment.
To assess the effect of a nutrition education intervention on nutritional factors and oxidative s... more To assess the effect of a nutrition education intervention on nutritional factors and oxidative stress during treatment of breast cancer. Nonrandomized clinical trial conducted in 2010-2011, including an evaluation at baseline and after 12 months. Women from Brazil who had breast cancer, divided into an intervention group (IG) (n = 18) and comparison group (n = 75). To increase intake of fruits and vegetables and reduce red and processed meats, via telephone and printed materials. Food intake, anthropometry, and levels of lipid hydroperoxide, carbonyl proteins, reduced glutathione, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney or t tests for baseline data; Wilcoxon or paired t tests for intra-group outcomes, linear regression models, and Bonferroni multiplicity adjustment. The researchers observed an increase in fruit and vegetable intake, reduction in red and processed meat intake, no change in body weight, and an increase in glutathione in the IG over the comparison group. However, after Bonferroni adjustment, only the consumption of fruits and vegetables and fruit was significantly higher in IG. This study presents improved dietary changes after a theory-driven nutrition education intervention. Although the sample size is small, it has proven to be clinically relevant.
To the Editor: Adjuvant chemotherapy has been found to be a strong clinical predictor of weight g... more To the Editor: Adjuvant chemotherapy has been found to be a strong clinical predictor of weight gain in women with early-stage breast cancer, and the extent of weight gain in response to chemotherapy appears to be dependent on the antineoplastic agents used (1,2). Several antineoplastic agents, such as anthracyclines, have been related to increased oxidative stress during cancer chemotherapy (3,4). Based on this knowledge, we evaluated 66 breast cancer patients who were operated on between October 2006 and May 2010. The study was carried out in two stages. The first was performed at the baseline, in the presurgery phase, before beginning any form of antineoplastic treatment. The second stage was conducted after the end of the adjuvant treatments for breast cancer. The patients were divided according to the treatment for cancer into the treatment groups of “non-chemotherapy” (n = 22) and “chemotherapy” (n = 44). Most of the patients in the chemotherapy group (82%) were undergoing therapy with anthracyclines: 23 (52%) received ACT (adriamycin-[doxorubicin 60 mg/m], cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m, taxol-[paclitaxel 80 mg/m]); 13 (30%) received FAC (5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m, doxorubicin 85 mg/m, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m), and 8 (18%) received nonanthracycline CMF (cyclophosphamide 600 mg/ m, methotrexate 40 mg/m, and 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m) therapy. The chemotherapy treatment was administered intravenously in 4 or 6 cycles at intervals of 3 weeks. The mean age for the participating sample was 53 years (33–77 years). Forty-four percent (n = 29) of the patients were overweight and 23% (n = 15) were obese at the baseline. After chemotherapy treatment, we detected a significant increase of 5% (or 3.5 kg), on average, in the body weight of the breast cancer patients in comparison with the baseline values (p < 0.001). This increase was also statistically different from what was found for the nonchemotherapy variation (0.8% or 0.6 kg, on average; p < 0.05). All three chemotherapy protocols that were applied increased the body weight of cancer patients in comparison with the respective baseline values, and, although significant, the differences were slight (Fig. 1a). For example, the FAC protocol promoted a significant increase of 7.5% (or 5.9 kg) in the body weight compared with ACT and CMF, which both showed a similar increase by 3% (or 1.9 kg) and 4.5% (or 4.0 kg), respectively (p < 0.05; Fig. 1b). With the nonchemotherapy protocol, the body weight of the cancer patients did not change significantly. Treatments with chemotherapy protocols also increased the levels of the oxidative biomarkers thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and carbonyls. After chemotherapy with FAC, there was a significant increase of 78% and 36.5% in the plasma levels of TBARS and carbonyls, respectively (Fig. 2a and c; p < 0.05), and no significant increase in the serum LOOH levels (Fig. 2b). On the other hand, after chemotherapy with ACT, a significant increase of 105% in the serum LOOH levels was observed (Fig. 2b; p < 0.05), while the plasma levels of TBARS and carbonyls were unchanged (Fig. 2a and c). In those patients undergoing chemotherapy with CMF, there was a significant increase of 40% in the plasma carbonyls levels when compared with the baseline values (Fig. 2c; p < 0.05), while no significant changes in the plasma levels of TBARS and LOOH were observed (Fig. 2a and b). In addition, no significant differences were detected among the three chemotherapy protocols ACT, FAC, and CMF for the oxidative stress markers when calculated as relative changes (in percentage) of the baseline values. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Patricia Faria Di Pietro, Programa de P os-Graduac ~ ao em Nutric ~ ao, Centro de Ciências da Sa ude, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universit ario. Trindade, Cep 88040-900, Florian opolis/SC – Brazil, or e-mail: patricia.di. [email protected]
Resumo A Psicologia Positiva aborda potencialidades e virtudes humanas, diferente da Psicologia t... more Resumo A Psicologia Positiva aborda potencialidades e virtudes humanas, diferente da Psicologia tradicional que, até o fim dos anos 90, considerava prioritariamente as questões de cura e reparo de danos. O objeto do presente estudo, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, foi apresentar o perfil dos estudos brasileiros em Psicologia Positiva. Percebe-se que a Psicologia Positiva no Brasil está em fase de expansão, mediante o aumento dos estudos publicados. Porém, apesar dos grandes avanços encontrados, a literatura nacional sobre o tema ainda apresenta lacunas importantes a serem sanadas, especialmente, em relação às intervenções voltadas para a Psicologia Positiva.
Different therapeutic modalities for cancer trigger side effects that affect the selection of foo... more Different therapeutic modalities for cancer trigger side effects that affect the selection of food by changing dietary patterns. To evaluate changes in the diet quality of women in adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Sociodemographic, clinical and anthropometric data of 78 women were collected. The Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised and its components were obtained from food frequency questionnaire applied before and after the treatment. At baseline, participants were classified according to tertiles of diet quality. The score of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) in the lowest tertile was 48.4 to 75.2 points, the second tertile was 75.7 to 81.8 points, and the upper tertile was 82.0 to 95.7 points. During treatment, of the women classified in the first tertile, 62% improved their diet score quality passing to the upper tertiles. Women classified in the second tertile, did not significantly alter the diet quality during the treatment, although 46% went to the ...
The Second Expert Report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Glo... more The Second Expert Report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective from World Cancer Research Fund/ American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR), features general and special recommendations for cancer prevention. To evaluate nutritional and lifestyle characteristics of newly diagnosed women with breast cancer according to WCRF/AICR Second Report recommendations. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 133 women. Diet data were obtained from a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric data by standard procedures. The characteristics of study population were evaluated in comparison with the recommendations of the WCRF/AICR Second Report. Mean age of participants was 51.6 ± 10.98 (range 28-78) years; 35% was obese and 51% had waist circumference higher than the maximum cut-off value. Regarding life style, 80% of participants were sedentary, 89% reported diet presenting energy density higher than 125 kcal/100 g, 51% reported consumption of fruits and vegetables lower than 400 g/day, and 47% reported high consumption of red or processed meat (≥ 500 g per week). Just 3% related consumption of alcoholic beverages above the recommendation (15 g/day), 82% presented the intake of sodium lower than the limit recommended (2.4 g/day), and the use of dietary supplements was reported by 11% of the subjects. Finally 51% of women reported breast feeding for less than 6 months. Inadequacies were observed related to behavior factors that can result in weight gain, such as inadequate physical activity and high energy density diet.
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