The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of glycemic measures, and changes in iden... more The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of glycemic measures, and changes in identified risk factors (BMI, waist circumference, lipids, blood pressure) on follow-up glycemia, in Pima children at high risk for type two diabetes (type 2 DM). I computed incidence and cumulative incidence of type 2 DM in Pima children 519 years of age between 1983 and 2004. Cox proportional hazards rates for development of type 2 DM were calculated by glycemic measure (HbA1C, 2PG, FPG) controlling for confounding factors (age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, and cholesterol). Diabetes was defined by the presence of at least one of four criteria: 1) 2PG of >200 mg/dl, 2) FPG of >126 mg/dl, 3) HbA1C > 8.0%, or 4) hypoglycemic treatment. Linear regression models were computed to identify the impact of changes in risk factors on changes in HbA1C. Only exams performed in non-diabetic children during childhood were included in the regression models. Among 2658 non-diabetic children, 258 cas...
The dual purpose of this study was to identify the comprehensive health needs of a selected group... more The dual purpose of this study was to identify the comprehensive health needs of a selected group of homeless children in Phoenix, Arizona, and to utilize the findings in developing needed services. A non-random sample of 60 infants and pre-school children were given on-site physical, dental, developmental, behavioral, and nutritional assessments. The study included Medicaid's Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and
OBJECTIVE-Optimal prevention of young-onset type 2 diabetes requires identification of the early-... more OBJECTIVE-Optimal prevention of young-onset type 2 diabetes requires identification of the early-life modifiable risk factors. We aimed to do this using longitudinal data in 1,604 5-to 19-year-old initially nondiabetic American Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-For type 2 diabetes prediction, we derived an optimally weighted, continuously distributed, standardized multivariate score (zMS) comprising commonly measured metabolic, anthropometric, and vascular traits (i.e., fasting and 2-h glucose, A1C, BMI, waist circumference, fasting insulin, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressures) and compared the predictive power for each feature against zMS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All residents of a geographic area of the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona Ն5 years old were invited to participate in a longitudinal study of diabetes. Participants selected for the present analysis consisted of 1,604 children and adolescents free from diabetes, the majority of whom are Pima or Tohono O'odham Indians (17,18), who had one or more research examination during childhood or adolescence (i.e., Ն5 and Ͻ20 years old) and one or more follow-up examination at which diabetes was assessed. During the time frame of the present study, 2,828 nondiabetic children and adolescents were examined: 300 of these were excluded from the present analyses because data were missing for one of the predictor variables, and 924 were excluded because they did not have a follow-up examination. Those without follow-up tended to have been seen later in the study period than those with follow-up; they were also older and more likely to be male, but, accounting for these factors, there were no significant differences in metabolic variables.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of glycemic measures, and changes in iden... more The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of glycemic measures, and changes in identified risk factors (BMI, waist circumference, lipids, blood pressure) on follow-up glycemia, in Pima children at high risk for type two diabetes (type 2 DM). I computed incidence and cumulative incidence of type 2 DM in Pima children 519 years of age between 1983 and 2004. Cox proportional hazards rates for development of type 2 DM were calculated by glycemic measure (HbA1C, 2PG, FPG) controlling for confounding factors (age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, and cholesterol). Diabetes was defined by the presence of at least one of four criteria: 1) 2PG of >200 mg/dl, 2) FPG of >126 mg/dl, 3) HbA1C > 8.0%, or 4) hypoglycemic treatment. Linear regression models were computed to identify the impact of changes in risk factors on changes in HbA1C. Only exams performed in non-diabetic children during childhood were included in the regression models. Among 2658 non-diabetic children, 258 cas...
The dual purpose of this study was to identify the comprehensive health needs of a selected group... more The dual purpose of this study was to identify the comprehensive health needs of a selected group of homeless children in Phoenix, Arizona, and to utilize the findings in developing needed services. A non-random sample of 60 infants and pre-school children were given on-site physical, dental, developmental, behavioral, and nutritional assessments. The study included Medicaid's Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and
OBJECTIVE-Optimal prevention of young-onset type 2 diabetes requires identification of the early-... more OBJECTIVE-Optimal prevention of young-onset type 2 diabetes requires identification of the early-life modifiable risk factors. We aimed to do this using longitudinal data in 1,604 5-to 19-year-old initially nondiabetic American Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-For type 2 diabetes prediction, we derived an optimally weighted, continuously distributed, standardized multivariate score (zMS) comprising commonly measured metabolic, anthropometric, and vascular traits (i.e., fasting and 2-h glucose, A1C, BMI, waist circumference, fasting insulin, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressures) and compared the predictive power for each feature against zMS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All residents of a geographic area of the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona Ն5 years old were invited to participate in a longitudinal study of diabetes. Participants selected for the present analysis consisted of 1,604 children and adolescents free from diabetes, the majority of whom are Pima or Tohono O'odham Indians (17,18), who had one or more research examination during childhood or adolescence (i.e., Ն5 and Ͻ20 years old) and one or more follow-up examination at which diabetes was assessed. During the time frame of the present study, 2,828 nondiabetic children and adolescents were examined: 300 of these were excluded from the present analyses because data were missing for one of the predictor variables, and 924 were excluded because they did not have a follow-up examination. Those without follow-up tended to have been seen later in the study period than those with follow-up; they were also older and more likely to be male, but, accounting for these factors, there were no significant differences in metabolic variables.
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Papers by Carol Moffett