Papers by Carmen Luz Ticona Gonzales
Australasian Orthodontic Journal
Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine whether high and low fluoride concentrations ... more Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine whether high and low fluoride concentrations in drinking water affected the early stages of tooth movement when heavy and light orthodontic forces were applied for 4 weeks. A further aim was to compare and evaluate the resulting two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: The sample consisted of 96 maxillary upper first premolars from 48 patients who required premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment. Patients were selected from two different cities in Turkey with low and high fluoride concentrations of 0.05 and 2 ppm, respectively. The patient sample was divided into four groups according to the magnitude of force applied to the first premolars and the concentration of fluoride in the public water supply; Group 1, High fluoride intake (≥ 2 ppm)-Heavy force (225 g); Group 2, Low fluoride intake (≤ 0.05 ppm)-Heavy force; Group 3, High fluoride intake-Light force (25 g); an...
European journal of orthodontics, Feb 16, 2017
Various factors have been examined in the literature in an attempt to reduce the incidence and se... more Various factors have been examined in the literature in an attempt to reduce the incidence and severity of root resorption. The purpose of the present investigation is to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in relation to force level using gradually increasing (ascending) and decreasing (descending) orthodontic force generated by magnets on the severity of Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Iatrogenic Root Resorption (OIIRR) and amount of tooth movement. Twenty maxillary first premolars from 10 patients were subjected to ascending (25-225 g, magnets in attraction) and descending (225 to 25 g, magnets in repulsion) buccal forces using a split mouth design over an 8-week period. Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were taken at week 0, 4, and 8 to record the tooth movement. After 8 weeks, the teeth were extracted, scanned, with micro-CT in 16.9 µm resolution, and the root resorption craters were localized circumferentially and quantified at each level of the root. The to...
Progress in Orthodontics, 2014
Background The technology surrounding temporary skeletal anchorage devices has improved in leaps ... more Background The technology surrounding temporary skeletal anchorage devices has improved in leaps and bounds. However, no specific auxiliary exists for the intrusion of molars in conjunction with these devices and currently clinicians are forced to make do with available force delivery materials. A new intrusion auxiliary, the Sydney Intrusion Spring (SIS), was designed to facilitate intrusion without frequent need for reactivation or tissue irritation. Methods The subjects consisted of 16 adolescent patients (12 females and 4 males) with an average age of 13.1 years (range 12.2 to 14.3 years). All patients were in the permanent dentition with an anterior open bite of ?2 mm. Four self-drilling miniscrews were placed into the posterior maxillary buccal alveolar bone. The intrusion appliance consisted of a bonded acrylic appliance and the SIS, activated to produce an initial intrusive force of 500 g. Cone beam computed tomograms were taken after miniscrew placement and at the end of ac...
Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2002
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2007
Focusing on the final step of osteoclastogenesis, we studied cell fusion from tartrate‐resistant ... more Focusing on the final step of osteoclastogenesis, we studied cell fusion from tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive mononuclear cells into multinuclear cells. TRAP‐positive mononuclear cells before generation of multinuclear cells by cell fusion were differentiated from RAW264.7 cells by treatment with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and then the cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by culturing for further 12 h. LPS‐induced cell fusion even in the absence of RANKL. Similarly, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and peptidoglycan (PGN) induced cell fusion, but M‐CSF did not. The cell fusion induced by RANKL, TNF‐α, and LPS was specifically blocked by osteoprotegerin (OPG), anti‐TNF‐α antibody, and polymyxin B, respectively. LPS‐ and PGN‐induced cell fusion was partly inhibited by anti‐TNF‐α antibody but not by OPG. When TRAP‐positive mononuclear cells fused to yield multinuclear cells, phosphorylation of Akt, Src, extracellu...
The European Journal of Orthodontics, 2013
The purpose of the present study was to clarify the prevalence and degree of root resorption indu... more The purpose of the present study was to clarify the prevalence and degree of root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment in patients with and without open bite. One hundred and eleven patients treated with multibracket appliances were retrospectively selected from the patients and divided into non-open bite (NOB) and open bite (OB) groups. The severity of root resorption and the root shape were classified into five groups on periapical radiographs before and after treatment. Moreover, only in the OB group, all teeth were subdivided into functional and hypofunctional ones that are occluding and non-occluding. As the results of multiple linear regression analysis of patient characteristics and clinical variables with the number of overall root resorption, the independent variables that were found to contribute significantly to root resorption were bite and abnormal root shape. The prevalences of root resorption evaluated in the number of patients were significantly higher in OB group than in NOB group, and those in the number of teeth were significantly higher in OB group than in NOB group, in particular anterior and premolar teeth. The prevalence of resorbed teeth with abnormal root shapes was also significantly higher in OB group than in NOB group. On the other hand, in OB group, the prevalences of root resorption and teeth with abnormal root shape were significantly greater in hypofunctional teeth than in normal functional teeth. There are more teeth with root resorption and abnormal root shape in open bite cases than in normal bite cases, and more teeth with abnormal root shapes and root resorption in hypofunctional teeth than in functional teeth.
The Angle Orthodontist, 2009
Objective: To test the efficacy of an animal model of pain and stress and evaluate the effects of... more Objective: To test the efficacy of an animal model of pain and stress and evaluate the effects of celecoxib administered when orthodontic force is applied. Materials and Methods: A 20-g reciprocal force was applied via an orthodontic appliance to the maxillary left first and second molars of 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rat behavior was evaluated at 5, 24, and 48 hours after the appliance was set. Behavior was assessed in a test field by the number of lines crossed in the first 30 seconds and 5 minutes following force application; number of lines crossed to the center; rearing time; and facial grooming time. Experimental group 1 received intraperitoneal administration of 30 mg/kg celecoxib before every behavioral test. Experimental group 2 received 90 mg/kg before the first behavioral test, and physiologic saline was administered before the remaining behavioral tests. Control groups received saline before every behavioral test and were given passive (passive control group) a...
The Angle Orthodontist, 2009
Objective: To investigate the precise longitudinal change in the periodontal ligament (PDL) space... more Objective: To investigate the precise longitudinal change in the periodontal ligament (PDL) space width and three-dimensional tooth movement with continuous-force magnitudes in living rats. Materials and Methods: Using nickel-titanium closed-coil springs for 28 days, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-g mesial force was applied to the maxillary left first molars. Micro-CT was taken in the same rat at 0, 1, 2, 3, 10, 14, and 28 days. The width of the PDL was measured in the pressure and tension sides from 0 to 3 days. Angular and linear measurements were used to evaluate molar position at day 0, 10, 14, and 28. The finite element model (FEM) was constructed to evaluate the initial stress distribution, molar displacement, and center of rotation of the molar. Results: The initial evaluation of PDL width showed no statistical differences among different force magnitudes. Tooth movement was registered 1 hour after force application and gradually increased with time. From day 10, greater tooth moveme...
The Angle Orthodontist, 2011
Objective: To quantify the amount of tooth movement and orthodontically induced root resorption (... more Objective: To quantify the amount of tooth movement and orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) in ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods: Five 10-week-old female Wistar rats undergoing ovariectomy (OVX) were investigated as the experimental group, and the other five without ovariectomy served as the control group. Four weeks after ovariectomy, 25-g nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were applied mesially to the maxillary left first molars. Micro-computed tomography was taken at day 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. At day 28, the molars were extracted. The surface area of root resorption craters, depth, and volume were measured using electron and laser scanning microscopes. Results: Tooth movement gradually increased with time throughout 28 days. There was a significant difference in the amount of tooth movement between the control group and the OVX group. For OIRR, the OVX group showed wide and shallow root resorption craters scattered on the mesial root. The deep resorption craters were observed on the distal roots distributed in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the roots. Statistically significant differences were found between the control and the OVX groups in the depth and the volume of root resorption craters in the distal roots and the total volume of root resorption craters in all three roots. Conclusion: Ovariectomy affected not only tooth movement but also OIRR. Tooth movement in the OVX group was more rapid than the control group. Furthermore, the amount of OIRR in the OVX group was more severe than the control group.
The Angle Orthodontist, 2009
Objective: To determine optimal loading conditions such as height of retraction force on the powe... more Objective: To determine optimal loading conditions such as height of retraction force on the power arm and its position on the archwire in sliding mechanics. Materials and Methods: A 3D finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate en masse anterior teeth retraction in sliding mechanics. The degree of labiolingual tipping of the maxillary central incisor was calculated when the retraction force was applied to different heights of a power arm set mesial or distal to the canine. Results: When the power arm was placed mesial to the canine, at the level of 0 mm (bracket slot level), uncontrolled lingual crown tipping of the incisor was observed and the anterior segment of the archwire was deformed downward. At a power arm height of 5.5 mm, bodily movement was produced and the archwire was less deformed. When the power arm height exceeded 5.5 mm, the anterior segment of the archwire was raised upward and lingual root tipping occurred. When the power arm was placed distal to the canine...
The Angle Orthodontist, 2013
Objective: To evaluate the null hypothesis that fluoride intake via drinking water has no effect ... more Objective: To evaluate the null hypothesis that fluoride intake via drinking water has no effect on orthodontic root resorption in humans after orthodontic force application for 4 weeks and 12 weeks of retention. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients who required maxillary premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment were selected from two cities in Turkey. These cities had a high and low fluoride concentration in public water of ≥2 pm and ≤0.05 pm, respectively. The patients were randomly separated into four groups of 12 each: group 1HH, high fluoride (≥2 ppm) and heavy force (225 g); group 2LH, low fluoride (≤0.05 ppm) and heavy force; group 3HL, high fluoride and light force (25 g); and group 4LL, low fluoride and light force. Light or heavy buccal tipping force was applied on the upper first premolars for 28 days. At day 28, the left premolars were extracted (positive control side); the right premolars (experimental side) were extracted after 12 weeks of ret...
The Angle Orthodontist, 2008
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the effect of different continuo... more Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the effect of different continuous moderate to very heavy forces on root resorption or amount of tooth movement. Materials and Methods: In the study, 10, 25, 50 and 100 g mesial force were applied to the maxillary first molars of rat using nickel titanium closed-coil springs for 3 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The molars were extracted and the surface areas of the root resorption craters were measured using scanning electron microscope. The depths of the root resorption craters were measured using a three-dimensional laser scanning microscope. Tooth movement of the maxillary first molar was measured in relation to the maxillary second molar on digitized lateral cephalometric radiographs. Results: Three days after force application, the tooth movement was not proportionally related to force magnitude. However, 14 days of force application resulted in significantly more tooth movement in the 10, 25, and 50 g force groups t...
The Angle Orthodontist, 2009
Objective: To test the hypothesis that the administration of aspirin, acetaminophen, meloxicam, c... more Objective: To test the hypothesis that the administration of aspirin, acetaminophen, meloxicam, celecoxib, and prednisolone have no effect on root resorption and tooth movement.Materials and Methods: A mesial force of 50 g was applied to the left maxillary first molars of sixty 10-week-old male Wistar rats using nickel titanium closed coil springs attached to the cervical area of the incisors. The rats were randomly divided into 12 groups of 5 each. High and low doses of aspirin, acetaminophen, meloxicam, celecoxib, and prednisolone were administered via drinking water for 2 weeks. The experimental control group had tooth movement but received no drug. The negative control group received neither tooth movement nor drugs. The amount of tooth movement was measured on digitized lateral cephalometric radiographs. Rats were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Mesial and distal roots (distobuccal and distopalatal) were examined using scanning electron and three-dimensional (3D) scanning laser micro...
Journal of Computing in …, 2004
INTRODUCTION The Regional Educational Technology Assistance (RETA) program offers professional de... more INTRODUCTION The Regional Educational Technology Assistance (RETA) program offers professional development opportunities to educators across the state of New Mexico in the integration of technology into academic content. The program emphasizes developing regional expertise among ...
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2012
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2011
The major side effect of orthodontic treatment is orthodontically induced inflammatory root resor... more The major side effect of orthodontic treatment is orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Fluoride was previously shown to reduce the volume of the root resorption craters in rats. However, the effect of fluoride on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption in humans has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high and low amounts of fluoride intake from birth on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption under light (25 g) and heavy (225 g) force applications. Methods: Forty-eight patients who required maxillary premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment were selected from 2 cities in Turkey with high and low fluoride concentrations in the public water of $2 and #0.05 ppm, respectively. The patients were randomly separated into 4 groups of 12 each: group 1, high fluoride intake and heavy force; group 2, low fluoride intake and heavy force; group 3, high fluoride intake and light force; and group 4, low fluoride intake and light force. Light or heavy buccal tipping orthodontic forces were applied on the maxillary first premolars for 28 days. At day 28, the teeth were extracted, and the samples were analyzed with microcomputed tomography. Results: Fluoride reduced the volume of root resorption craters in all groups; however, this effect was significantly different with high force application (P 5 0.015). It was also found that light forces caused less root resorption than heavy forces. There was no statistical difference in the amount of root resorption observed on root surfaces (buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal) in all groups. However, the middle third of the roots showed the least root resorption. With high fluoride intake and heavy force application, less root resorption was found in all root surfaces and root thirds. Conclusions: Fluoride may reduce the volume of root resorption craters. This effect is significant with heavy force applications (P \0.05). The cervical and apical thirds of the root showed significantly greater root resorption after the application of buccal tipping force for 4 weeks. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:e199-e210) F luoride is the most commonly used chemical agent in preventive dentistry. It has been shown that fluoride reduces caries up to 50% by changing the properties of enamel. 1 Due to its high electronegative activity, fluoride readily reacts with its surroundings. 2 At the molecular level, fluoride replaces
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2012
Orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in ovariectomized rats treated by systemic adminis... more Orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in ovariectomized rats treated by systemic administration of zoledronic acid ゾレドロン酸を全身投与した卵巣摘出ラットにおける 矯正的歯の移動と歯根吸収
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2010
Root resorption is an inevitable side-effect of orthodontic treatment which occurs in association... more Root resorption is an inevitable side-effect of orthodontic treatment which occurs in association with the removal of hyalinised tissue. Several studies have shown that a reparative process in the periodontium commences when the applied orthodontic force is discontinued or reduced below a certain level. However there is no study on quantitative 3D evaluation of root resorption repair. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of repair by quantitative assessment of the two and three dimensional changes of the root resorption craters after two to sixteen weeks retention periods following two weeks of continuous mesially applied orthodontic forces of 50 grams on rat molars using scanning electron and laser microscopes. Materials and Methods: 50 g mesial force was applied to move the upper left first molars of sixty Wistar male rats (10-week old) by using nickel titanium closed-coil springs for 2 weeks. Rats in one of the six randomly divided groups were sacrificed following two weeks of force application. These rats constituted the zero-week retention group. In the remaining five groups, the interdental space between the upper first and second molars was filled with resin to retain the molars. The molars were extracted after periods of retention varying between 2 and 16 weeks. Upper right molars were used as controls. Mesial and distal roots (disto-buccal and disto-palatal) were examined using scanning electron and 3D scanning laser microscopes. The surface area, depth, volume, and roughness of the root resorption craters were measured. Results: The examination showed that all the area, depth and volume of the craters decreased gradually and showed similar trends over retention time approaching a plateau at 12 th week. After 16 weeks of retention, volume of the resorption craters of the disto-buccal and disto-palatal roots reached a recovery peak of 69.5% and 66.7%, respectively. Small pits on the mesial root showed a recovery of 62.5% at 12 th week. The healing pattern in the distal roots with severe resorption and mesial roots with shallow resorption did not show significant differences. The results of this study suggest that the resorption and repair processes during the early stages of retention are balanced and the majority of the reparative process occurs after four weeks of passive retention following the application of orthodontic force and that frequent orthodontic re-activations should be avoided so that recovery and repair of the root surface damage can happen. * Mean difference significant at .05 level. ** Mean difference significant at .01 level. † Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. W , weeks. Volume (x10 6 μm 3) Roughness (μm) Roughness (μm) 95% CI for difference † Mean difference (I-J) Significance † Disto-palatal root Disto-buccal root Volume (x10 6 μm 3) (J) Experimental Group
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2011
Computers in the Schools, 2001
Distance education is changing the landscape of higher education and many faculty are now develop... more Distance education is changing the landscape of higher education and many faculty are now developing Web-based courses. This paper describes the lessons learned by the authors' experiences and research and offers a specific set of pedagogical and assessment strategies that they have found to be successful in online settings. The authors have found that classes delivered on the Web provide
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Papers by Carmen Luz Ticona Gonzales