Supplementary Text S1. Extended methodology on ecological niche modelling The maximum entropy alg... more Supplementary Text S1. Extended methodology on ecological niche modelling The maximum entropy algorithm implemented in MaxEnt v.3.4.1 (Phillips & al. 2006) was used to determine the potential distribution for Opuntia aurantiaca. For modelling we used all the occurrences detected (see Appendix); for some of them, more than one unique geographic coordinate has been considered to cover the total area where the species is found in that locality (e.g. Vilajuiga and Pau populations). As these occurrences were recent and accurate, the resolution used was 30 arc-sec (i.e. ca. 1 km). The 19 bioclimatic variables and altitude, also at 30 arc-sec resolution, were downloaded from the WorldClim website (www.worldclim.org; Hijmans & al. 2005). The Human Footprint (HF) (Sanderson & al. 2002) was also chosen because the establishment and spread of O. aurantiaca is related to human disturbance. A small set of eight relatively uncorrelated variables (r < |0.8|) were selected after performing a pairwise Pearson correlation analysis using all cells of the study area, with the "SDM Toolbox" (Brown 2014), an extension for ArcGIS: bio2 (mean of the daytime temperature range); bio4 (seasonality of the temperature); bio8 (average temperature of the wettest quarter); bio11 (mean temperature of the coldest quarter); bio15 (precipitation seasonality); bio18 (precipitation of the warmest quarter); bio19 (precipitation of the coldest quarter); and altitude. These variables were selected on the basis of the shape of their response curves as well as their relative contribution (values of percent contribution, permutation importance, and jackknife) to a preliminary model run with all the 21 variables (Figs. S3-S5). Niche models have been developed for both current climatic conditions and different climate change scenarios for the year 2070. For the present conditions, we have built two models, one including the variable HF and the other excluding it. For the future, we used the three general circulation models with the best performance among those that participated in the 5th Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project (CMIP5) experiment (McSweeney & al. 2015): (1) the Community Climate System Model v.4 (CCSM454; Gent & al. 2011); (2) the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model 3 (GFDL-CM355; Donner & al. 2011); and (3) the New Earth System Model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-ESM-P: www.mpimet.mpg.de/en/science/models/mpi-esm/). The three future projections were run in two different representative concentration pathways (RCPs) that were used in the Fifth Assessment IPCC report, RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 (Collins & al. 2013). All 2070-year variable datasets were also downloaded from the WorldClim website. The HF variable was not considered for the future models as it is not available for the year 2070.
En el presente trabajo aportamos datos sobre la presencia de 17 plantas alóctonas encontradas en ... more En el presente trabajo aportamos datos sobre la presencia de 17 plantas alóctonas encontradas en la comarca del Baix Llobregat durante el período 2011-2014. Son primeras citas para Europa: Acacia rostellifera Benth. y Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi. Son nuevas especies para la península ibérica: Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus y Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth. Son novedad para Cataluña: Atriplex semibaccata R. Br., Oenothera speciosa Nutt. y Verbena incompta P. W. Michael. Son novedad comarcal: Parkinsonia aculeata L., Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Physalis peruviana L., Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. y Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Las especies restantes son muy raras en el territorio estudiado: Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet, Asperugo procumbens L., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. y Oenothera indecora Cambess. [ca] En aquest treball aportem dades sobre la presència de 17 plantes al·lòctones trobades a la comarca del Baix Llobregat durant el període 2011-2014. ...
Muchas especies del género Kalanchoe se cultivan ampliamente por su valor ornamental, hecho que j... more Muchas especies del género Kalanchoe se cultivan ampliamente por su valor ornamental, hecho que junto a la alta capacidad de muchas de ellas a naturalizarse ha causado que algunas crezcan en zonas geográficas distantes de sus áreas de distribución natural. En los últimos 65 años el número de especies de Kalanchoe reportadas para Cuba ha ascendido de dos a cinco, según publicaciones recientes. La falta de un trabajo actualizado que recoja las especies naturalizadas de este género en Cuba y que aporte unas claves para su correcta identificación ha conducido a la existencia de discrepancias en cuanto a algunos de los nombres citados en estas publicaciones. A la vista de dichos precedentes creímos oportuno realizar la presente investigación que tuvo como objetivos definir el número real de especies de Kalanchoe que crecen de manera silvestre en Cuba, ofrecer una clave para su identificación, así como descripciones e información sobre las localidades donde han sido encontradas. Se estima...
We provide the first records of five non-native vascular plants for Europe—Commelina erecta, Cyli... more We provide the first records of five non-native vascular plants for Europe—Commelina erecta, Cylindropuntia fulgida, Dasylirion serratifolium, xGraptosedum and Senecio crassissimus, two for the Iberian Peninsula—Lobelia laxiflora subsp. angustifolia and Pennisetum flaccidum, and four for Catalonia— Dimorphotheca fruticosa, xGasteraloe beguinii, Opuntia elatior and Tradescantia sillamontana. In addition, new local records are provided for ten taxa scarcely reported for Catalonia. During the last decades, ornamental horticulture constitutes the most important source of alien plants, and some of them are potentially invasive species at a worldwide level. Most of the plants listed in this study are escaped from gardens or established as a consequence of dumping green waste. Some species are locally naturalized and in some cases they could behave as invasive.
Supplementary Text S1. Extended methodology on ecological niche modelling The maximum entropy alg... more Supplementary Text S1. Extended methodology on ecological niche modelling The maximum entropy algorithm implemented in MaxEnt v.3.4.1 (Phillips & al. 2006) was used to determine the potential distribution for Opuntia aurantiaca. For modelling we used all the occurrences detected (see Appendix); for some of them, more than one unique geographic coordinate has been considered to cover the total area where the species is found in that locality (e.g. Vilajuiga and Pau populations). As these occurrences were recent and accurate, the resolution used was 30 arc-sec (i.e. ca. 1 km). The 19 bioclimatic variables and altitude, also at 30 arc-sec resolution, were downloaded from the WorldClim website (www.worldclim.org; Hijmans & al. 2005). The Human Footprint (HF) (Sanderson & al. 2002) was also chosen because the establishment and spread of O. aurantiaca is related to human disturbance. A small set of eight relatively uncorrelated variables (r < |0.8|) were selected after performing a pairwise Pearson correlation analysis using all cells of the study area, with the "SDM Toolbox" (Brown 2014), an extension for ArcGIS: bio2 (mean of the daytime temperature range); bio4 (seasonality of the temperature); bio8 (average temperature of the wettest quarter); bio11 (mean temperature of the coldest quarter); bio15 (precipitation seasonality); bio18 (precipitation of the warmest quarter); bio19 (precipitation of the coldest quarter); and altitude. These variables were selected on the basis of the shape of their response curves as well as their relative contribution (values of percent contribution, permutation importance, and jackknife) to a preliminary model run with all the 21 variables (Figs. S3-S5). Niche models have been developed for both current climatic conditions and different climate change scenarios for the year 2070. For the present conditions, we have built two models, one including the variable HF and the other excluding it. For the future, we used the three general circulation models with the best performance among those that participated in the 5th Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project (CMIP5) experiment (McSweeney & al. 2015): (1) the Community Climate System Model v.4 (CCSM454; Gent & al. 2011); (2) the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model 3 (GFDL-CM355; Donner & al. 2011); and (3) the New Earth System Model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-ESM-P: www.mpimet.mpg.de/en/science/models/mpi-esm/). The three future projections were run in two different representative concentration pathways (RCPs) that were used in the Fifth Assessment IPCC report, RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 (Collins & al. 2013). All 2070-year variable datasets were also downloaded from the WorldClim website. The HF variable was not considered for the future models as it is not available for the year 2070.
En el presente trabajo aportamos datos sobre la presencia de 17 plantas alóctonas encontradas en ... more En el presente trabajo aportamos datos sobre la presencia de 17 plantas alóctonas encontradas en la comarca del Baix Llobregat durante el período 2011-2014. Son primeras citas para Europa: Acacia rostellifera Benth. y Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi. Son nuevas especies para la península ibérica: Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus y Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth. Son novedad para Cataluña: Atriplex semibaccata R. Br., Oenothera speciosa Nutt. y Verbena incompta P. W. Michael. Son novedad comarcal: Parkinsonia aculeata L., Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Physalis peruviana L., Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. y Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Las especies restantes son muy raras en el territorio estudiado: Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet, Asperugo procumbens L., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. y Oenothera indecora Cambess. [ca] En aquest treball aportem dades sobre la presència de 17 plantes al·lòctones trobades a la comarca del Baix Llobregat durant el període 2011-2014. ...
Muchas especies del género Kalanchoe se cultivan ampliamente por su valor ornamental, hecho que j... more Muchas especies del género Kalanchoe se cultivan ampliamente por su valor ornamental, hecho que junto a la alta capacidad de muchas de ellas a naturalizarse ha causado que algunas crezcan en zonas geográficas distantes de sus áreas de distribución natural. En los últimos 65 años el número de especies de Kalanchoe reportadas para Cuba ha ascendido de dos a cinco, según publicaciones recientes. La falta de un trabajo actualizado que recoja las especies naturalizadas de este género en Cuba y que aporte unas claves para su correcta identificación ha conducido a la existencia de discrepancias en cuanto a algunos de los nombres citados en estas publicaciones. A la vista de dichos precedentes creímos oportuno realizar la presente investigación que tuvo como objetivos definir el número real de especies de Kalanchoe que crecen de manera silvestre en Cuba, ofrecer una clave para su identificación, así como descripciones e información sobre las localidades donde han sido encontradas. Se estima...
We provide the first records of five non-native vascular plants for Europe—Commelina erecta, Cyli... more We provide the first records of five non-native vascular plants for Europe—Commelina erecta, Cylindropuntia fulgida, Dasylirion serratifolium, xGraptosedum and Senecio crassissimus, two for the Iberian Peninsula—Lobelia laxiflora subsp. angustifolia and Pennisetum flaccidum, and four for Catalonia— Dimorphotheca fruticosa, xGasteraloe beguinii, Opuntia elatior and Tradescantia sillamontana. In addition, new local records are provided for ten taxa scarcely reported for Catalonia. During the last decades, ornamental horticulture constitutes the most important source of alien plants, and some of them are potentially invasive species at a worldwide level. Most of the plants listed in this study are escaped from gardens or established as a consequence of dumping green waste. Some species are locally naturalized and in some cases they could behave as invasive.
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