This three-month clinical trial was designed to compare the effect of an electric and a manual to... more This three-month clinical trial was designed to compare the effect of an electric and a manual toothbrush on reducing primarily gingivitis and secondarily, plaque, in a cohort of 70 healthy adults. After baseline evaluation of gingivitis, soft tissue trauma, and plaque, patients were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups, shown an instructional tooth brushing videotape, and had their teeth cleaned. Soft tissue trauma was again scored at 2 weeks. At 12 weeks all three clinical parameters were again evaluated. The results showed statistically significant reductions (baseline vs. 3-month) in both whole mouth (p = 0.003) and interproximal (p = 0.008) gingivitis scores for the electric toothbrush group. No significant reduction at three months compared to baseline was seen for the manual brush group. When gingivitis reductions were compared over the three-month test period, the electric brush was significantly better than the manual toothbrush in both whole mouth (p = 0.0007) and interproximal (p = 0.002) gingivitis reduction. No increase in soft tissue trauma and no significant differences in plaque reductions were seen for either toothbrush.
Objective: In vitro testing of antimicrobial agents is an important tool in the testing hierarchy... more Objective: In vitro testing of antimicrobial agents is an important tool in the testing hierarchy, and may provide interesting insights into their potential clinical efficacy. Agents with demonstrable in vitro antimicrobial activity may be effective against the same micro organisms in vivo, whereas agents without demonstrable in vitro antimicrobial activity are unlikely to exhibit in vivo antimicrobial activity. In addition, these methods may also be useful in screening antimicrobial agents in product formulations because such agents with both in vitro and in vivo activity may have reduced antimicrobial effects when formulated into a dentifrice. Accordingly, this study examined the in vitro and ex vivo antimicrobial activity of three commercial dentifrices: one formulated with 0.243% sodium fluoride (Crest Cavity Protection Toothpaste-Regular); one with 0.454% stannous fluoride, sodium hexametaphosphate, and zinc lactate (Crest Pro-Health), and one with 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer, and 0.243% sodium fluoride (Colgate Total). • Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each dentifrice was determined for resident oral bacterial species, including bacteria that are associated with dental caries, periodontitis, and oral halitosis. Evaluations were performed on individual laboratory strains, and on oral bacteria from supragingival plaque samples obtained from 10 adults and from oral rinse samples obtained from 18 adults. • Results: The lowest MICs against the oral strains and human samples, i.e., greatest antimicrobial activity, were seen for the triclosan/ copolymer dentifrice. There was, in general, a four-fold difference in MICs between the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice and the stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate/zinc lactate dentifrice. The triclosan/copolymer dentifrice significantly inhibited periodontal pathogens, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. In ex vivo tests measuring antimicrobial effects, the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice substantially inhibited bacterial growth after 30-, 60-, and 120second exposures compared to the sodium fluoride or stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate/zinc lactate dentifrices. Similarly, in ex vivo tests measuring antimicrobial effects on supragingival plaque biofilms, the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice substantially inhibited bacterial growth compared to the other test dentifrices. • Conclusion: Different in vitro and ex vivo analyses show that the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice has significant antimicrobial activity on oral bacteria, including species causing dental caries, periodontitis, and oral halitosis, and it provides superior efficacy compared to the stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate/zinc lactate dentifrice. (J Clin Dent 2010;21[Spec Iss]:96–100) 96 Introduction A variety of microbiological techniques have been used to identify and characterize the microorganisms residing in the human oral cavity. This is an important activity in order to further knowledge of the microorganisms that colonize the human body, the microbiome, because oral microorganisms can cause dental caries and periodontal disease, the most common infectious diseases in man. Ninety-two percent of people in the US 65 years of age and older have dental caries in their permanent teeth, 50.3% of people in the US population 30 years or older have gingivitis, and 26% have destructive periodontitis. Microscopy, bacterial culture, and, most recently, nucleic acid sequencing are routinely used to identify microorganisms. Microbial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents is routinely evaluated by disk diffusion assays (Kirby-Bauer), broth and agar dilution assays, and combination assays, such as the spiral gradient endpoint method and E test. Microbial susceptibility tests have obvious clinical applications in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Of particular interest is the correlation between in vitro antimicrobial testing and in vivo efficacy. An agent that does not exhibit in vitro antimicrobial activity is unlikely to demonstrate in vivo anti microbial activity. On the other hand, an antimicrobial agent that demonstrates significant in vitro antimicrobial activity may or may not exert similar levels of in vivo antimicrobial activity. These levels are typically expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The MIC is the lowest concentration of a drug that inhibits growth, while the MBC is the lowest concentration that kills a microorganism. MICs are used to determine susceptibility or resistance of microorganisms to an antimicrobial agent, i.e., what kind and how much of an antimicrobial agent to use in a particular clinical situation. Antibiotic breakpoints are defined based on the MIC and on the pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Vol. XXI, No. 4 The Journal of Clinical Dentistry 97 slurry for 30, 60, or 120 seconds,…
Purpose: To compare a uniquely shaped tapered-bristle manual toothbrush to a toothbrush with bris... more Purpose: To compare a uniquely shaped tapered-bristle manual toothbrush to a toothbrush with bristles uniform in height and diameter for the ability to remove artificial plaque deposits in areas of the mouth that are difficult to access; interproximal areas, the gingival margin and subgingival. Methods: This study compared a GUM Summit+ Compact toothbrush featuring extremely tapered bristles and conventional bristle ends in a bi-level design. The upper, longest tapered bristles have the final 6 mm tapered to 0.01 diameter mm at the end. The conventional rounded end bristles have less than 0.5 mm tapered down to 0.02 mm diameter. The comparison manual toothbrush (Oral-B 40 Indicator) has bristles that are uniform in height and diameter. Interproximal access efficacy was evaluated using a pressure-sensitive artificial plaque substrate placed around simulated anterior and posterior teeth. Subgingival access and gingival margin cleaning were determined by using simulated gingiva prepared with a 0.2 mm space between the gingiva and the artificial plaque substrate on tooth surfaces and results were recorded as the artificial plaque removed below the gingiva or around the gingival margin. Results: Interproximal access values were significantly (P < 0.001) higher for the GUM Summit+ Compact than for the Oral-B 40 Indicator. The mean value for gingival margin cleaning efficacy of the GUM Summit+ Compact was significantly (P < 0.001) superior compared to the Oral-B 40 Indicator. The Gum Summit + Compact had a significantly superior subgingival access (P < 0.001) mean value when compared to the Oral-B 40 Indicator. In this laboratory study, the GUM Summit+ Compact toothbrush was statistically significantly more effective for removing plaque from the interproximal areas, at the gingival margin and subgingivally than the Oral-B 40 Indicator toothbrush.
This investigation was conducted to determine the effects of an air-abrasive polishing system on ... more This investigation was conducted to determine the effects of an air-abrasive polishing system on various implant surfaces. Four each of the following types of implants were obtained from the manufacturer: Stryker DB (a titanium alloy implant), Denar Steri-Oss (a pure titanium implant), IMZ (pure titanium polished collar/plasma-sprayed body), and IMZ transmucosal implant extensions (highly polished pure titanium). Four samples of each type of implant material were placed in a group to be treated with an air-abrasive polishing system for 0.5, 1, 5, or 10 seconds, for a total of 16 samples. Scanning electron photomicrographs taken of each sample before and after treatment were analyzed by three examiners who were blind to the treatment conditions. They determined if the abrasion on the treated surface was greater than, equal to, or less than the pretreatment control. No perceptible difference was noted between the pretreatment and posttreatment photomicrographs regarding the surface integrity of the implant material surfaces.
1. Anatomy and Physiology. 2. Head and Neck Anatomy. 3. Biomaterials. 4. Provision of Dental Hygi... more 1. Anatomy and Physiology. 2. Head and Neck Anatomy. 3. Biomaterials. 4. Provision of Dental Hygiene Care. 5. Periodontics. 6. Community Dental Health. 7. Dental Morphology and Occlusion. 8. Radiology. 9. Oral Histology and Embryology. 10. Microbiology. 11. Oral Microbiology. 12. Nutrition. 13. General Pathology. 14. Oral Pathology. 15. Pharmacology. 16. Research and Statistics. Case Studies. References. Index.
The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in enamel surface roughness following treat... more The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in enamel surface roughness following treatment with an air abrasive system when compared to a rubber cup and pumice. The coronal portion of 40 bovine teeth were tested. Half of the teeth were placed in a control group and cleansed with a rubber cup and pumice, the other half or "test" group were treated with an air-powder polisher. All teeth were exposed to the given cleansing agent for a time equivalent to a 15-year recall program. Pre- and post-treatment surface evaluation was completed using a surface profilometer. In addition, representative samples were evaluated before and after cleansing under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of this study showed no statistically significant increase in enamel surface roughness in teeth cleansed with the air polisher when compared to the roughness of the control teeth. This was confirmed visually by use of SEM taken at magnifications of up to x1000. The findings of this study indicate there is no significant alteration of the enamel surface when a tooth is treated with an air-powder polisher for the equivalent of a 15-year recall program.
The prophy‐jet® was evaluated for its effectiveness in removing plaque and stain from teeth and o... more The prophy‐jet® was evaluated for its effectiveness in removing plaque and stain from teeth and on its effects on the marginal gingiva. Using a randomized split‐mouth design, half the mouth was treated with the Prophy‐Jet and the contralateral side with a rubber cup and prophylaxis paste. The results indicated that the Prophy‐Jet removes tooth plaque and stain as well as the rubber cup and prophylaxis paste method, and does so in less time. It was also found that there was some immediate soft tissue trauma following both treatment modalities, with a mean Trauma Index score of 0.23 ≠ 0.16 for the rubber cup and prophylaxis paste and 0.75 ≠ 0.37 for the Prophy‐Jet. Within 6 days, the trauma index scores were not significantly different. Similar results were found for marginal gingival redness and bleeding on probing. The Prophy‐Jet is an excellent alternative instrument for removal of tooth stain and dental plaque.
This article reviews a solitary, .....ell•defined tumor of the floor of Ihe moulh. The Iumor pres... more This article reviews a solitary, .....ell•defined tumor of the floor of Ihe moulh. The Iumor presented as a raised, elevated, sessi/t.' mass lhal .....as freely movable and sofl 10 Ihe touch. The case ilIustrales the imparlance of performing a thorough head and neck eXaminalion. and formulaling a differential diugnmis if any abnormality is deleeted.
Research is an integral part of the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) College of Denti... more Research is an integral part of the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) College of Dentistry's mission and strategic plan. The College of Dentistry (COD) has experienced substantial growth in its research enterprise since the opening of the Cruzan Center for Dental Research (CCDR) as evidenced by a 16-fold growth in extramural funding from 1998 to 2006. Through major investments from the COD, UNMC, and the generosity of UNMC College of Dentistry alumni and their spouses Dr. and Mrs. Winston V. Cruzan and Dr. and Mrs. Gene Dixon, funds were allocated for the building of the Cruzan Center for Dental Research. The CCDR is a of state-of-the-art facility that serves as the central unit for research and has 2 components: the clinical research component and the basic science component. The primary funding source for the clinical component is industry, while the basic science component is primarily funded by NIH, but also receives some funding from other government and industrial sources.
The essence of dental hygiene practice includes the use of preventive and therapeutic methods for... more The essence of dental hygiene practice includes the use of preventive and therapeutic methods for the promotion of good health and to prevent and control oral diseases. Dental hygienists actively promote the prevention of oral diseases through patient education that encourages self-care prevention of dental caries, supplemented by needs-related professional preventive services. Equally significant in the scope of dental hygiene practice are thorough oral examinations for disease detection. Although dental hygienists do not legally or definitively diagnose dental caries, they are responsible for detecting caries at all stages of the disease, recognizing caries risk factors, and planning management strategies. Because the focus of this endeavor is the management of incipient and hidden caries, caries prevention will not be the primary focus of this article. It must be underscored that dental caries prevention is one of the primary goals for ethical, sound, and responsible dental hygiene practice. Dental caries detection Visual and tactile examination The traditional methods of caries detection for dental hygienists have included visual inspection, tactile examination with an explorer, and radiographic examination. These traditional practices are still used in contemporary dental hygiene practice; however, some practices have been altered due to paradigm shifts or new diagnostic equipment. Given that dental caries is now recognized as an infectious, transmittable disease, it is crucial that the dental hygienist identify lesions as early as possible. Carious lesions begin as demineralization of the enamel surface due
Objective: This laboratory study compared a specially engineered sonic powered toothbrush with un... more Objective: This laboratory study compared a specially engineered sonic powered toothbrush with unique sensing and control technologies and having two different brush heads to a manual flat-trim toothbrush for their ability to remove plaque at interproximal sites. Methods: Interproximal access efficacy (IAE) was measured as the maximum width of plaque removed from the artificial plaque substrate around the teeth. Six brushes of each product were tested four times for a total of 24 tests. Results from these tests were statistically analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). A post hoc Tukey test for pair-wise comparisons, with a minimum significance level of 0.05, was used to identify significant mean differences between the test products. Results: Relative to the manual flat-trim toothbrush, the sonic powered toothbrush, equipped with either the Triple Clean or Sensitive refill brush head, had statistically significantly higher IAE means (p < 0.001). In addition, when equipped with the Sensitive refill brush head, the new sonic powered toothbrush showed increased efficiencies compared to when it was equipped with the Triple Clean brush head with respect to IAE means. Conclusion: The specially engineered sonic powered toothbrush with unique sensing and control technologies had higher interproximal access efficacy compared to a manual flat-trim toothbrush, particularly with the Sensitive brush head.
This three-month clinical trial was designed to compare the effect of an electric and a manual to... more This three-month clinical trial was designed to compare the effect of an electric and a manual toothbrush on reducing primarily gingivitis and secondarily, plaque, in a cohort of 70 healthy adults. After baseline evaluation of gingivitis, soft tissue trauma, and plaque, patients were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups, shown an instructional tooth brushing videotape, and had their teeth cleaned. Soft tissue trauma was again scored at 2 weeks. At 12 weeks all three clinical parameters were again evaluated. The results showed statistically significant reductions (baseline vs. 3-month) in both whole mouth (p = 0.003) and interproximal (p = 0.008) gingivitis scores for the electric toothbrush group. No significant reduction at three months compared to baseline was seen for the manual brush group. When gingivitis reductions were compared over the three-month test period, the electric brush was significantly better than the manual toothbrush in both whole mouth (p = 0.0007) and interproximal (p = 0.002) gingivitis reduction. No increase in soft tissue trauma and no significant differences in plaque reductions were seen for either toothbrush.
Objective: In vitro testing of antimicrobial agents is an important tool in the testing hierarchy... more Objective: In vitro testing of antimicrobial agents is an important tool in the testing hierarchy, and may provide interesting insights into their potential clinical efficacy. Agents with demonstrable in vitro antimicrobial activity may be effective against the same micro organisms in vivo, whereas agents without demonstrable in vitro antimicrobial activity are unlikely to exhibit in vivo antimicrobial activity. In addition, these methods may also be useful in screening antimicrobial agents in product formulations because such agents with both in vitro and in vivo activity may have reduced antimicrobial effects when formulated into a dentifrice. Accordingly, this study examined the in vitro and ex vivo antimicrobial activity of three commercial dentifrices: one formulated with 0.243% sodium fluoride (Crest Cavity Protection Toothpaste-Regular); one with 0.454% stannous fluoride, sodium hexametaphosphate, and zinc lactate (Crest Pro-Health), and one with 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer, and 0.243% sodium fluoride (Colgate Total). • Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each dentifrice was determined for resident oral bacterial species, including bacteria that are associated with dental caries, periodontitis, and oral halitosis. Evaluations were performed on individual laboratory strains, and on oral bacteria from supragingival plaque samples obtained from 10 adults and from oral rinse samples obtained from 18 adults. • Results: The lowest MICs against the oral strains and human samples, i.e., greatest antimicrobial activity, were seen for the triclosan/ copolymer dentifrice. There was, in general, a four-fold difference in MICs between the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice and the stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate/zinc lactate dentifrice. The triclosan/copolymer dentifrice significantly inhibited periodontal pathogens, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. In ex vivo tests measuring antimicrobial effects, the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice substantially inhibited bacterial growth after 30-, 60-, and 120second exposures compared to the sodium fluoride or stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate/zinc lactate dentifrices. Similarly, in ex vivo tests measuring antimicrobial effects on supragingival plaque biofilms, the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice substantially inhibited bacterial growth compared to the other test dentifrices. • Conclusion: Different in vitro and ex vivo analyses show that the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice has significant antimicrobial activity on oral bacteria, including species causing dental caries, periodontitis, and oral halitosis, and it provides superior efficacy compared to the stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate/zinc lactate dentifrice. (J Clin Dent 2010;21[Spec Iss]:96–100) 96 Introduction A variety of microbiological techniques have been used to identify and characterize the microorganisms residing in the human oral cavity. This is an important activity in order to further knowledge of the microorganisms that colonize the human body, the microbiome, because oral microorganisms can cause dental caries and periodontal disease, the most common infectious diseases in man. Ninety-two percent of people in the US 65 years of age and older have dental caries in their permanent teeth, 50.3% of people in the US population 30 years or older have gingivitis, and 26% have destructive periodontitis. Microscopy, bacterial culture, and, most recently, nucleic acid sequencing are routinely used to identify microorganisms. Microbial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents is routinely evaluated by disk diffusion assays (Kirby-Bauer), broth and agar dilution assays, and combination assays, such as the spiral gradient endpoint method and E test. Microbial susceptibility tests have obvious clinical applications in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Of particular interest is the correlation between in vitro antimicrobial testing and in vivo efficacy. An agent that does not exhibit in vitro antimicrobial activity is unlikely to demonstrate in vivo anti microbial activity. On the other hand, an antimicrobial agent that demonstrates significant in vitro antimicrobial activity may or may not exert similar levels of in vivo antimicrobial activity. These levels are typically expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The MIC is the lowest concentration of a drug that inhibits growth, while the MBC is the lowest concentration that kills a microorganism. MICs are used to determine susceptibility or resistance of microorganisms to an antimicrobial agent, i.e., what kind and how much of an antimicrobial agent to use in a particular clinical situation. Antibiotic breakpoints are defined based on the MIC and on the pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Vol. XXI, No. 4 The Journal of Clinical Dentistry 97 slurry for 30, 60, or 120 seconds,…
Purpose: To compare a uniquely shaped tapered-bristle manual toothbrush to a toothbrush with bris... more Purpose: To compare a uniquely shaped tapered-bristle manual toothbrush to a toothbrush with bristles uniform in height and diameter for the ability to remove artificial plaque deposits in areas of the mouth that are difficult to access; interproximal areas, the gingival margin and subgingival. Methods: This study compared a GUM Summit+ Compact toothbrush featuring extremely tapered bristles and conventional bristle ends in a bi-level design. The upper, longest tapered bristles have the final 6 mm tapered to 0.01 diameter mm at the end. The conventional rounded end bristles have less than 0.5 mm tapered down to 0.02 mm diameter. The comparison manual toothbrush (Oral-B 40 Indicator) has bristles that are uniform in height and diameter. Interproximal access efficacy was evaluated using a pressure-sensitive artificial plaque substrate placed around simulated anterior and posterior teeth. Subgingival access and gingival margin cleaning were determined by using simulated gingiva prepared with a 0.2 mm space between the gingiva and the artificial plaque substrate on tooth surfaces and results were recorded as the artificial plaque removed below the gingiva or around the gingival margin. Results: Interproximal access values were significantly (P < 0.001) higher for the GUM Summit+ Compact than for the Oral-B 40 Indicator. The mean value for gingival margin cleaning efficacy of the GUM Summit+ Compact was significantly (P < 0.001) superior compared to the Oral-B 40 Indicator. The Gum Summit + Compact had a significantly superior subgingival access (P < 0.001) mean value when compared to the Oral-B 40 Indicator. In this laboratory study, the GUM Summit+ Compact toothbrush was statistically significantly more effective for removing plaque from the interproximal areas, at the gingival margin and subgingivally than the Oral-B 40 Indicator toothbrush.
This investigation was conducted to determine the effects of an air-abrasive polishing system on ... more This investigation was conducted to determine the effects of an air-abrasive polishing system on various implant surfaces. Four each of the following types of implants were obtained from the manufacturer: Stryker DB (a titanium alloy implant), Denar Steri-Oss (a pure titanium implant), IMZ (pure titanium polished collar/plasma-sprayed body), and IMZ transmucosal implant extensions (highly polished pure titanium). Four samples of each type of implant material were placed in a group to be treated with an air-abrasive polishing system for 0.5, 1, 5, or 10 seconds, for a total of 16 samples. Scanning electron photomicrographs taken of each sample before and after treatment were analyzed by three examiners who were blind to the treatment conditions. They determined if the abrasion on the treated surface was greater than, equal to, or less than the pretreatment control. No perceptible difference was noted between the pretreatment and posttreatment photomicrographs regarding the surface integrity of the implant material surfaces.
1. Anatomy and Physiology. 2. Head and Neck Anatomy. 3. Biomaterials. 4. Provision of Dental Hygi... more 1. Anatomy and Physiology. 2. Head and Neck Anatomy. 3. Biomaterials. 4. Provision of Dental Hygiene Care. 5. Periodontics. 6. Community Dental Health. 7. Dental Morphology and Occlusion. 8. Radiology. 9. Oral Histology and Embryology. 10. Microbiology. 11. Oral Microbiology. 12. Nutrition. 13. General Pathology. 14. Oral Pathology. 15. Pharmacology. 16. Research and Statistics. Case Studies. References. Index.
The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in enamel surface roughness following treat... more The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in enamel surface roughness following treatment with an air abrasive system when compared to a rubber cup and pumice. The coronal portion of 40 bovine teeth were tested. Half of the teeth were placed in a control group and cleansed with a rubber cup and pumice, the other half or "test" group were treated with an air-powder polisher. All teeth were exposed to the given cleansing agent for a time equivalent to a 15-year recall program. Pre- and post-treatment surface evaluation was completed using a surface profilometer. In addition, representative samples were evaluated before and after cleansing under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of this study showed no statistically significant increase in enamel surface roughness in teeth cleansed with the air polisher when compared to the roughness of the control teeth. This was confirmed visually by use of SEM taken at magnifications of up to x1000. The findings of this study indicate there is no significant alteration of the enamel surface when a tooth is treated with an air-powder polisher for the equivalent of a 15-year recall program.
The prophy‐jet® was evaluated for its effectiveness in removing plaque and stain from teeth and o... more The prophy‐jet® was evaluated for its effectiveness in removing plaque and stain from teeth and on its effects on the marginal gingiva. Using a randomized split‐mouth design, half the mouth was treated with the Prophy‐Jet and the contralateral side with a rubber cup and prophylaxis paste. The results indicated that the Prophy‐Jet removes tooth plaque and stain as well as the rubber cup and prophylaxis paste method, and does so in less time. It was also found that there was some immediate soft tissue trauma following both treatment modalities, with a mean Trauma Index score of 0.23 ≠ 0.16 for the rubber cup and prophylaxis paste and 0.75 ≠ 0.37 for the Prophy‐Jet. Within 6 days, the trauma index scores were not significantly different. Similar results were found for marginal gingival redness and bleeding on probing. The Prophy‐Jet is an excellent alternative instrument for removal of tooth stain and dental plaque.
This article reviews a solitary, .....ell•defined tumor of the floor of Ihe moulh. The Iumor pres... more This article reviews a solitary, .....ell•defined tumor of the floor of Ihe moulh. The Iumor presented as a raised, elevated, sessi/t.' mass lhal .....as freely movable and sofl 10 Ihe touch. The case ilIustrales the imparlance of performing a thorough head and neck eXaminalion. and formulaling a differential diugnmis if any abnormality is deleeted.
Research is an integral part of the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) College of Denti... more Research is an integral part of the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) College of Dentistry's mission and strategic plan. The College of Dentistry (COD) has experienced substantial growth in its research enterprise since the opening of the Cruzan Center for Dental Research (CCDR) as evidenced by a 16-fold growth in extramural funding from 1998 to 2006. Through major investments from the COD, UNMC, and the generosity of UNMC College of Dentistry alumni and their spouses Dr. and Mrs. Winston V. Cruzan and Dr. and Mrs. Gene Dixon, funds were allocated for the building of the Cruzan Center for Dental Research. The CCDR is a of state-of-the-art facility that serves as the central unit for research and has 2 components: the clinical research component and the basic science component. The primary funding source for the clinical component is industry, while the basic science component is primarily funded by NIH, but also receives some funding from other government and industrial sources.
The essence of dental hygiene practice includes the use of preventive and therapeutic methods for... more The essence of dental hygiene practice includes the use of preventive and therapeutic methods for the promotion of good health and to prevent and control oral diseases. Dental hygienists actively promote the prevention of oral diseases through patient education that encourages self-care prevention of dental caries, supplemented by needs-related professional preventive services. Equally significant in the scope of dental hygiene practice are thorough oral examinations for disease detection. Although dental hygienists do not legally or definitively diagnose dental caries, they are responsible for detecting caries at all stages of the disease, recognizing caries risk factors, and planning management strategies. Because the focus of this endeavor is the management of incipient and hidden caries, caries prevention will not be the primary focus of this article. It must be underscored that dental caries prevention is one of the primary goals for ethical, sound, and responsible dental hygiene practice. Dental caries detection Visual and tactile examination The traditional methods of caries detection for dental hygienists have included visual inspection, tactile examination with an explorer, and radiographic examination. These traditional practices are still used in contemporary dental hygiene practice; however, some practices have been altered due to paradigm shifts or new diagnostic equipment. Given that dental caries is now recognized as an infectious, transmittable disease, it is crucial that the dental hygienist identify lesions as early as possible. Carious lesions begin as demineralization of the enamel surface due
Objective: This laboratory study compared a specially engineered sonic powered toothbrush with un... more Objective: This laboratory study compared a specially engineered sonic powered toothbrush with unique sensing and control technologies and having two different brush heads to a manual flat-trim toothbrush for their ability to remove plaque at interproximal sites. Methods: Interproximal access efficacy (IAE) was measured as the maximum width of plaque removed from the artificial plaque substrate around the teeth. Six brushes of each product were tested four times for a total of 24 tests. Results from these tests were statistically analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). A post hoc Tukey test for pair-wise comparisons, with a minimum significance level of 0.05, was used to identify significant mean differences between the test products. Results: Relative to the manual flat-trim toothbrush, the sonic powered toothbrush, equipped with either the Triple Clean or Sensitive refill brush head, had statistically significantly higher IAE means (p < 0.001). In addition, when equipped with the Sensitive refill brush head, the new sonic powered toothbrush showed increased efficiencies compared to when it was equipped with the Triple Clean brush head with respect to IAE means. Conclusion: The specially engineered sonic powered toothbrush with unique sensing and control technologies had higher interproximal access efficacy compared to a manual flat-trim toothbrush, particularly with the Sensitive brush head.
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