Papers by Camelia Smaranda
SCIENTIA SINICA Mathematica, 2021
In this paper, general higher-order rational solutions of the nonlocal multicomponent nonlinear S... more In this paper, general higher-order rational solutions of the nonlocal multicomponent nonlinear Schrödinger equations are derived by using a method of Darboux-dressing transformation with an asymptotic expansion. When the free parameters satisfy some constraints, the dynamics of those solutions in the nonlocal systems are discussed with some graphics. They demonstrate that the structure of localized waves in this multicomponent nonlocal system is richer than that in a one-component nonlocal system. More importantly, the results may be useful to explain and enrich the corresponding wave phenomena in local wave models.
2021 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB), 2021
One of the largest water users in Europe and the USA is the bakery industry. Daily water consumpt... more One of the largest water users in Europe and the USA is the bakery industry. Daily water consumption in the bakery industry varies from 10.000 to 300.000 buckets of 10 L / day. Half of this amount is discharged as wastewater. Another aspect is the manufacture of bakery and pastry products, which have in their composition various raw materials that must be processed before forming a finished product. The results in various pollutants, waste, wastewater and noise pollution. These pollutants cannot even be called dangerous, toxic, or harmful, but they do participate to some extent in environmental pollution and have a negative impact on the population and animals. Waste from the bakery industry contains high levels of organic matter, fats, oils, greases and solids, which could be treated or reduced by implementing proper waste management.The recovery of bakery waste can play an important role in their management. Waste that can be managed consists mainly of bread, buns and outdated cakes (all of which contain a high level of energy) can be fed directly to animals such as pigs and cattle. Another application is the use of waste for the production of environmentally friendly products. Bakery waste can be successfully used to produce lactic acid with a conversion efficiency of 47.2%.The general objective of this paper was to critically analyze the current perspectives on waste management, from the bakery industry, in order to select environmentally friendly and high-performance alternatives, in terms of technical and economic criteria.This analysis helped us to create a database for future analyzes which consist in the application of support tools for technical-economic and environmental assessment of bakery waste management alternatives.
2020 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB), 2020
Environmental behaviour of pesticides in soils is a key subject in the last decade. Investigating... more Environmental behaviour of pesticides in soils is a key subject in the last decade. Investigating the sorption characteristics of pesticides in soil matrix it can provide pertinent results applied in the decisions process regarding the remediation and management of contaminated areas with pesticides. The present study reveals that penthachlorophenol (0-20 mg $\mathrm{L}^{-1}$) was more easily sorbed by soils particle, at low temperature the process being more effective than at high temperature. The adsorption of pesticide on the agricultural soil was well described by the Langmuir model.
2020 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB), 2020
Over time, the enormous amount of waste, generated worldwide, induces threats to the environment.... more Over time, the enormous amount of waste, generated worldwide, induces threats to the environment. Most of the total waste, generated globally, is represented by food waste, which is produced annually. The most relevant sources are the food and beverage industry as well as households. The purpose of the study is to: (i) identify risk factors on human health generated by the production of food waste; (ii) analyze and highlight the best management alternatives for the recovery and recycling valuable components of food waste, to reduce the environmental impacts and human health risks and diminish the pressure on natural resources.
2020 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB), 2020
This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological response of Sinapis alba plants to the org... more This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological response of Sinapis alba plants to the organochlorinated pesticide - lindane. The seed germination, root and shoot elongation were found to be affected by the presence of lindane in the range of 1 to 50 ppm. The experimental results indicated that the contents of chlorophyll a, b and total decreased in comparison with control sample and declined with the increase of pollutants concentration between 0.1 to 50 mg/L. Similarly, carotenoids content showed a decrease of this pigment comparing with the control plants for all investigated lindane concentrations. Lindane may alter the synthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, indicating a toxic effect on mustard plant. It was concluded that the exposure on pesticide causes oxidative stress in white mustard plants by producing reactive oxygen species.
2019 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB), 2019
The presence of nickel ions in soil in high concentrations can cause negative effects on plants, ... more The presence of nickel ions in soil in high concentrations can cause negative effects on plants, organisms but also on human health. In our study, we considered 4 different concentrations of nickel ions in soil, ranging between 50 mg Ni(II)/kg in soil and 500 mg Ni(II)/kg in soil to estimate the potential ecological risk generated by toxic Ni(II) ions. The study revealed that the risk became considerable when the concentration of nickel ions in the soil exceeds 300 mg/kg. Another objective of this paper was to identify the negative effects of these 4 concentrations of Ni(II) ions on the plant Brassica napus growing, after 8 and 25 days of cultivation in the soil polluted with Ni(II), by evaluating the morphology of the plant and by determining the photosynthetic pigments content. It seems that the presence of nickel ions in soil doesn’t cause significant changes in the rape morphology. The results showed that for concentration lower that 50 mg Ni(II)/kg, the synthesis of pigments is not disturbed, while for concentrations up to 100 mg/kg, the content of pigments in plant decrease, the most affected being the synthesis of chlorophyll A.
The aim of this study was to investigate the Congo red sorption on soil from the region of Iasi (... more The aim of this study was to investigate the Congo red sorption on soil from the region of Iasi (NE of Romania). The effects of contact time, temperature, sorbent dose and initial dye concentration on soi sorption were investigated. The results show that the amount adsorbed of Congo red on soil increase with increasing dye concentration, temperature and contact time. The experimental data were analyzed using the pseudo-first order Lagergren model, the pseudo-second order model and intraparticle diffusion model. Experimental results show that the dye sorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Intraparticle diffusion studies indicated that the adsorption mechanism was not exclusively controlled by the diffusion step. The equilibrium sorption data were interpreted using Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin models and the results were best described by Freundlich isotherm. It was indicative of the heterogeneity of the sorption sites on the soil particle. Thermodynamic a...
2020 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB), 2020
Chromium is one of the most toxic heavy metals, found in environment in two stable forms (trivale... more Chromium is one of the most toxic heavy metals, found in environment in two stable forms (trivalent and hexavalent chromium) being released into water by various industrial activities. Both forms of chromium have negative effects on human health, but the hexavalent form is the one considered extremely toxic for all living organisms. In 2017, at the European level, considering surface waters, the energy sector, waste and wastewater management, and others activities, were released about 834 tons of chromium. In order to reduce the chromium concentrations in the effluents discharged by industrial activities, different processes can be applied, including bio sorption and bioaccumulation processes. The chromium ions are removed by microorganisms from aqueous solutions by various mechanisms (e.g. ion exchange, complexation, chelation, precipitation, electrostatic attraction, adsorption on the cell wall surface) including extra- and intra-cellular reduction of $\mathrm{Cr}^{6+}$ to $\mathr...
Grapes are the raw material for the production of wine, grape juice, aromatic oils and other cate... more Grapes are the raw material for the production of wine, grape juice, aromatic oils and other categories of derived products. Wine is an alcoholic beverage obtained from the partial or complete fermentation of must derived from fresh grapes. Beside basic products - must and wine - significant quantities of other products, known as by-products are resulting from the treatment of grapes and from the conditioning of wines. Grape pomace is the main by-product of wine technology, widely seen as a serious environmental problem due to its disposal or as an undervalued product. However, despite these problems pomace presents a series of important properties. In this framework, the main objective of the present paper is to discuss about the potential of winery wastes and by-products valorisation, especially grape pomace.
2020 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB), 2020
Cereals are the main source of food and nutrients for humans. The development of industrial and a... more Cereals are the main source of food and nutrients for humans. The development of industrial and agricultural activities, urbanization, have led to an increase in toxic contaminants in the environment. Thus, once in the environment, these contaminants are accumulated in food crops, and therefore reach the human body through food consumption. Given the high consumption of cereals and cereal-based by-products, they can pose a significant risk to the population, especially children.
This work provides a survey on pesticides importance for crop protection and also the impacts and... more This work provides a survey on pesticides importance for crop protection and also the impacts and risk they can generate in the environmental and for human health as a result of unsustainable production and use. In this context the European and national regulation derived from the Directive 2009/128/EC ask for reducing the risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and the environment and promoting the application of integrated pest management (IPM) and alternative approaches or techniques. These actions can be helped by the calculation of Harmonized Risks indicators, I and II. These indicators were calculated in the case of pesticide use for cereals protection, based on data provided by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development – National Phytosanitary Authority. The two calculated indicators show that the cereal samples contain quite large amounts of pesticide residues that need to be reduced, recommending the replacement of current protection products with non-polluti...
The release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) derived from different industrial processes r... more The release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) derived from different industrial processes represents an important source of environmental contamination. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a highly chlorinated organic compound that has been extensively used as a broad spectrum biocide, particularly in the wood preservation industry. Due to its stable aromatic ring structure and high chlorine content, PCP is persistent in the environment, and it has become one of the most widespread contaminants in soil, sediments and water. In soil, the fate of POPs is governed by their interactions with reactive soil colloids. The soil properties as well as the chemical properties of the pollutants, control its bioavailability and transport, thus, affecting further remediation processes. The main objective of the present work was to study the sorption of pentachlorophenol in soil, collected from Iasi area (Romania). The experiments were performed in batch mode. Interest was directed towards the effects of contact time (0-72 h), initial pollutant concentration (5-20 mg L-1), pH and temperature (10-50 o C). The sorbed amounts of PCP increased with increase in contact time and initial concentration and reached the equilibrium after 24 h. Pentachlorophenol sorption increase with temperature in the range of 10-25 o C, suggesting an endothermic process, and decrease when the temperature increased from 25 to 50°C. The results indicated that lower temperature (i.e. 10 to 25°C) was favorable for the sorption process. The high temperature (50°C) might affect the physicochemical properties of soil therefore; the sorption PCP on soil was significantly reduced.
This research deals with the evaluation of available waste biomass of Phaseolus vulgaris L., as l... more This research deals with the evaluation of available waste biomass of Phaseolus vulgaris L., as low cost adsorbents, in the removal of organic azo dye Congo red (CR). The effects of operational parameters on the efficiency of dye removal, including contact time, initial pollutant concentration and adsorbent dose have been investigated. The obtained results show that the amount of dye uptake was found to increase with the increase of contact time and initial dye concentration. The maximum sorption capacity was 1.291 mg g-1 for CR at 20°C. The removal efficiency of CR is increasing with the increase on sorbent dose, in the range of studied concentration (10-30 mg L-1). For evaluating the mechanism involved in the sorption process, the experimental results were analyzed using pseudo-I order kinetic model, pseudo-II order kinetic model, the Ritchie second-order model and intraparticle diffusion model. The pseudo II-order kinetic model agrees very well with the dynamic behavior of the sorption of CR dye onto Phaseolus vulgaris L. hull. The experimental sorption results indicated that agricultural waste-bean hull could be applied as an low-cost sorbent alternative used for azo dye removal from industrial effluents, taking into account that no pretreatment on the solid is carried out.
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2010
... Soil and groundwater cleanup: benefits and limits of emerging technologies Florentina Anca Ca... more ... Soil and groundwater cleanup: benefits and limits of emerging technologies Florentina Anca Caliman Brindusa Mihaela Robu Camelia Smaranda Vasile Lucian Pavel Maria Gavrilescu Received: 9 September 2009 / Accepted: 4 August 2010 Ó Springer-Verlag 2010 ...
An equilibrium study concerning the sorption of the dye Erythrosine B in an aqueous solution, ont... more An equilibrium study concerning the sorption of the dye Erythrosine B in an aqueous solution, onto a Romanian soil was performed in a batch system. The influence of two parameters as temperature and pH of the dye containing solution has been investigated. The thermodynamic parameters were determined as well.
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
Bioplastics are biobased materials, usually easy biodegradable, derived from renewable resources.... more Bioplastics are biobased materials, usually easy biodegradable, derived from renewable resources. Evolution of bioplastics production is related to: bio starch and starch mixtures (74.5%); bioplastic products from fermentation (13%), bioplastic from petrochemicals materials (12.5%). They are seen as a viable solution to avoid some environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil-based conventional plastics. In this context, the general objectives of this study entail the analysis and selection of the optimal alternative of bioplastics able to be used for packaging production, considering social, economic and environmental criteria. In order to accomplish these objectives, we applied the ELECTRE method (ELimination Et Choix TRaduisant la RealitÉ), a multi-criteria analysis method. Application of this method enables the use of qualitative and quantitative discrete criteria, making also possible alternatives ranking. The application of ELECTRE method in our study consisted in selecting different types of bioplastics which were compared considering some consistent criteria so as to assess their economic and environmental performances. Based on the application of multiple criteria evaluation we concluded that bioplastics, in particular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are suitable from economic and environmental points of views for manufacturing and utilization of packaging.
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
Considering that the fate and behaviour of contaminants within the environment is an extremely co... more Considering that the fate and behaviour of contaminants within the environment is an extremely complex issue, this paper analyzes the development of predictive models which can contribute to the understanding of the release of a contaminant. Different types of models concerning the atmospheric transport of POPs are examined, taking into consideration that these models can be used to simulate the behaviour of contaminants. A successful simulation, in which there is satisfactory agreement between observations and results derived from the models, suggests that a solid theoretical understanding of how chemicals move, react, and distribute among media is sufficient to explain their behaviour in real-world situations.
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
The individual physical, chemical, and biological interactions that determine the exposure of pla... more The individual physical, chemical, and biological interactions that determine the exposure of plants and animals to chemicals associated with soils are of great importance in the assessment of contaminants bioavailability. Understanding of bioavailability processes is at last needed to improve the scientific basis of risk assessment and is the purpose of the present research. Since bioavailability processes are embedded within existing human health and ecological risk frameworks, sorption efficiency of contaminants is assumed as the bioavailability factor and used as an adjustment to applied dose. Various soils and contaminants (dyes, refractory organics, heavy metals) were contacted and the maximum sorbed concentrations were determined in various experimental conditions using a batch system. Inorganic and organic contaminants associated with soils can be transported to biological receptors by a variety of pathways in environmental systems. The released concentrations of contaminants were assessed by desorption experiments using distilled water. These data were applied for bioavailability assessment. The intake equation for incidental ingestion, as an important exposure route for contaminated soils in human health risk assessments was used in its basic form, which includes chemical concentration in the soil at the point of contact, soil ingestion rate, body weight. The soil concentration, surface area, adherence factor, and body weight terms allow calculation of an amount of chemical present on the skin per unit body weight, applying an adequate equation to calculate the absorbed dose from dermal exposure to soil. Depending on which exposure pathways dominate, different bioavailability processes were considered during ecological risk assessment, according to specific methods. This way bioavailability can be considered as having a potential influence on risk-based decision-making processes for remedial goals.
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Papers by Camelia Smaranda