Calin Husar

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Andrej Dujella

University of Zagreb

Hemin Koyi

Uppsala University

Jana Javornik

University of East London

Graham Martin

University of Leicester

Gwen Robbins Schug

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Gabriel Gutierrez-Alonso

University of Salamanca

John Sutton

Macquarie University

Eros Carvalho

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Kevin Arbuckle

Swansea University

Jesper Hoffmeyer

University of Copenhagen

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Papers by Calin Husar

A Machine Learning Proposal for Condition Monitoring of Vehicle Suspension

2022 International Conference on INnovations in Intelligent SysTems and Applications (INISTA)

Noise and vibration analysis of an in-wheel motor with integrated magnetic gear dedicated for light electric application

2019 8th International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS), 2019

This paper describes first, a structural behavior of a permanent magnet synchronous machine, with... more This paper describes first, a structural behavior of a permanent magnet synchronous machine, with inversed structure Above its topology it is placed a magnetic gear which has the role to increase the speed of the machine. The main purpose of this structure is to offer the possibility to obtain different levels of torque and speed from the two available rotors. In this paper is presented the vibro-acoustic behavior of the studied structure. It is known that the cause for the noise in a machine is due to the vibrations produced mainly by the radial forces within the structure. Because of the complexity of the structure, the main parts are studied individually to observe the level of noise produced of each one of them, separately. The comparison between numerical results of noise and vibration made for the two stators and two rotors represent the consistency of the paper.

Overall performances of a high-speed propulsion system through simulation approach

2015 Intl Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines & Power Electronics (ACEMP), 2015 Intl Conference on Optimization of Electrical & Electronic Equipment (OPTIM) & 2015 Intl Symposium on Advanced Electromechanical Motion Systems (ELECTROMOTION), 2015

The paper deals with the evaluation of an electric propulsion system for light electric vehicles.... more The paper deals with the evaluation of an electric propulsion system for light electric vehicles. The evaluation is based on simulation approach, using Amesim software package. This provides a 1D simulation suite to model and analyze multi-domain intelligent systems, and to predict their multi-disciplinary performance. The electric vehicle is propelled by a highly efficient and very light high-speed motor. In order to evaluate the performances with respect to the energy consumption on board, it is possible to study the electric powertrain dynamic behaviour and refine the performance and consumption analysis with additional interactions between components. The overall performances of the high speed propulsion system are evaluated on the European driving cycle and presented in this paper.

Carbon care action of a European research project on electrified vehicles

2022 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)

A carbon care action has been developed for a European research project focused on the developmen... more A carbon care action has been developed for a European research project focused on the development of greener vehicles. The aim of this action is to reduce and mitigate the greenhouse gases emissions due the project activities. The classical carbon assessment has been extended to consider all the activities of an international research project. For the 3.5 years project, 209 tons of CO2eq have been estimated as GHG emissions. The most important part is related to the transport despite a significant reduction of travel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Validation of EMR simulation platform of a permanent magnet synchronous machine used for electric propulsion

2021 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)

Study on the Contact Stress Between the Piston-Ball and the Swash Plate for an Axial Hydrostatic Motor

Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering (AMMA 2018), 2018

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the contact stresses at the interface between the pi... more The main purpose of this study is to analyze the contact stresses at the interface between the piston-balls and the swash plate of the axial hydrostatic motor, for two constructive solutions. Contact problems are highly nonlinear and required significant resources to solve. In this study, three-dimensional elastic-plastic stress analysis of sliding contact is conducted on 3D piston-swash plate model. The contact pressure distributions are calculated using elastic Hertz theory and finite element method for two constructive solutions. For every solution it was analyzed the influence of the geometric dimensions of the parts in contact.

Simcenter Amesim virtual validation of a BEV using EMR methodology

2021 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2021

As stricter regulations on air quality are imposed on automotive manufacturers, simulation is pla... more As stricter regulations on air quality are imposed on automotive manufacturers, simulation is playing a more important role in the electric vehicles design and production. Virtual testing helps reduce the costs of assessing vehicle performances and flaws which can be corrected early on, before the real testing is begun. This paper presents the validation, using Simcenter Amesim, of a virtual battery electric vehicle model with real measured data from the real Renault Zoe vehicle on track. The validated models give confidence in future reuse for other virtual testing scenarios, allowing to perform the tests in the digital domain, early in the development cycle, without the need of expensive and time-consuming real testing platforms.

Structural numerical and experimental comparison of an in-wheel motor dedicated for electric scooter application

2018 ELEKTRO, 2018

This paper describes a structural behavior of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), used... more This paper describes a structural behavior of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), used to propel an in-wheel motor, namely an electric scooter. Since the rotor and the stator core are under electromagnetic force influence, both parts of the machine are separately analyzed. This analysis is carried out in order to observe the mode shapes of the PMSMS, produced by radial forces. These mode shapes represent, in part, the image of the vibration and noise produced by the PMSM — which is the authors' intention to evaluate finally. The analysis is carried out, firstly, by using LMS Virtual. Lab software; here, based on an appropriate discretization one can investigate, on a larger frequency range, the mode shapes of the structure. Next, the experimental mode shapes are evaluated by performing the so called impact testing. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results depicts the consistency of the work.

Structural behavior evaluation of an in-wheel motor based on numerical and experimental approach

Electrical Engineering, 2019

This paper describes the structural behavior of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), us... more This paper describes the structural behavior of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), used to propel a light electric vehicle, namely an electric scooter. The motor's topology is with outer rotor (in-wheel motor). Since the rotor and the stator iron cores are under electromagnetic force influence, both parts have their own influence on the overall behavior of the PMSM, and for this reason, here they will be separately analyzed. This analysis is carried out in order to observe the mode shapes of the PMSMS, involved by radial forces. These mode shapes represent, in part, the image of the vibration and noise produced by the PMSM. The analysis is carried out by using LMS Virtual.Lab software; with this tool, based on appropriate discretization, one can investigate, on a larger frequency range, the mode shapes of the PMSM' structure. Next, the experimental mode shapes are experimentally evaluated by performing the so-called impact testing. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results depicts the consistency of the research and indicates the behavior of the studied structure in specific operating conditions.

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Multi-Domain and Durability Analysis of a Hybrid Hydraulic Vehicle

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2016

The intent of this paper is to present a multi-domain and structural study of a hydraulic hybrid ... more The intent of this paper is to present a multi-domain and structural study of a hydraulic hybrid machine. The evaluation of different solutions is based on simulation approach, using LMS Imagine.Lab (Amesim) and Ansys Workbench software packages. Amesim provides a 1D simulation suite to model and analyze multi-domain intelligent systems, to predict their multi-disciplinary performance and Ansys Workbench Durability tool performs the high cycle fatigue life calculation. The multi-domain analyses are made for different constructive solutions at different drive ratio. The comprehensive fatigue calculations and results enable engineers to evaluate the main shaft design of the hydraulic motor in order to avoid failures under real world conditions. Some recommendations are made regarding possible solutions.

Calculation of the GHG emissions of a European research project on electrified vehicles

Multi-level simulation of a BEV using EMR methodology

2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2020

The automotive industry is shifting to mass production of electrified vehicles. Simulation is a k... more The automotive industry is shifting to mass production of electrified vehicles. Simulation is a key step for developing these new vehicles. System simulation tools as Simcenter Amesim includes ready-to-use multi-physics libraries in that perspective. A new library is being created based on the Energetic Macroscopic Representation formalism to speed-up the battery electric vehicles (BEV) development process. The paper presents the BEV multi-level simulation where the simulations were done using 3 different levels for the battery models. By using “plug & play” method different BEV model configurations can be built in a fast, precise and systematic way.

Full Power Constraints HiL Setup for Battery Module Testing in Electric Vehicles

2021 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)

The aim of this paper is to validate the compliance between an EV and a battery with a reference ... more The aim of this paper is to validate the compliance between an EV and a battery with a reference driving cycle. The Hardware in the Loop methodology is used. It is based on the interactions between the different EV subsystems. In this paper, a 35 kWh battery pack is studied. A 5 kWh module from this pack is tested with the same power constraints when used in the real EV. The developed power Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) test bench is composed of a model of the traction chain and a controllable current source. A driving velocity cycle is used as an input. The HiL test is achieved at full power scale for a module. It is shown that the tested battery could be used in the studied EV as the limits of the battery operation are not crossed for a WLTC velocity cycle.

Simulation of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Minibus under Simcenter Amesim

2020 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE), 2020

New solutions that help reducing CO2 emissions and energy consumption need to be developed. Fuel ... more New solutions that help reducing CO2 emissions and energy consumption need to be developed. Fuel cell is a promising solution but challenges remain significant in order to deploy it widely. This paper presents a hybrid electric bus control strategy that involve a Fuel Cell and a Battery as electric energy sources. The fuel cell provides the energy while the batteries are providing peak power to the vehicle. Simcenter Amesim platform is used to simulate the complete system for WLTC driving cycles. Also a comparative analysis between the performances of fuel cell hybrid and a pure battery electric minibus is made.

Battery electric vehicle (BEV) powertrain modelling and testing for real-time control prototyping platform integration

2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe), 2021

This paper presents a method to virtually evaluate the performances and energy consumption of a b... more This paper presents a method to virtually evaluate the performances and energy consumption of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) powertrain, whose propulsion is assured by a wound rotor synchronous machine. For that, the powertrain’s subsystems are modeled using Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) concept and adapted for later implementation in a real-time control prototyping platform. Two levels of complexity are developed for the propulsion motor, resulting in two BEV powertrain models. The resulting powertrain models are validated by comparing the simulation results with the experimental measurements obtained from a real Renault ZOE Q90 car. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the models under study, two driving cycles profiles, a mixed urban and extra-urban profile and a highway one, are chosen to characterise the system behaviour under normal and maximum vehicle speed conditions. Furthermore, as the developed powertrain is dedicated to real-time applications, the simulati...

Stress Analysis of the Contact Between Driving Roller and Excentric Cam for a Hydraulic Sonic Motor

Recent studies about alternative propulsion systems show that an efficient way for energy transfe... more Recent studies about alternative propulsion systems show that an efficient way for energy transfer is the hydraulic energy transfer. There are other advantages as like continuous speed change, easy brake energy recovery and constant speed for the internal combustion engine. The main disadvantage is related to efficiency. Hydraulic energy transfer using waves propagated in liquids is considered under the generic name of sonic systems. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the contact stresses at the interface between the driving rollers and the three phases sonic motor shaft. The method of calculating contact stresses by Hertz’s equations uses elastic model for contact between two cylinders. A contact patch is generated through the line of contact and high stresses are generated in this contact area. The theoretical values are compared with the numerical finite element analysis (FEA) results. The FEA software ANSYS Workbench was used for this purpose. Results as maximum conta...

Co-Simulation Environment for the Analysis of the Driving Simulator’s Actuation

2019 7th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA), 2019

Driving simulators are providing the user realistic feedback regarding the required visual, audit... more Driving simulators are providing the user realistic feedback regarding the required visual, auditory, haptic and kinesthetic information. The most common way of imposing the motion of the driving simulator is by the 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) Stewart hexapod platform. The actuation of the platform is performed through a mechatronic device, composed by a synchronous motor, belt drive, and a screw-ball mechanism. The simulation of the driving simulator’s actuation has to validate the motion platform characteristics. Combining different software packages and taking advantage of the strength of each of them, a collaborative co-simulation environment is opening the doors for powerful virtual prototyping and testing tools. In this paper, the co-simulation environment is using three powerful simulation software packages (Simcenter Amesim, Simcenter 3D Motion and Matlab/Simulink). In this environment were established the electromechanical model of the actuators, the dynamical model of the m...

Power Advanced N-level Digital Architecture for models of electrified vehicles and their components

Transportation research procedia, 2020

The PANDA project is a Research Innovation Action from the European H2020 programme. PANDA will e... more The PANDA project is a Research Innovation Action from the European H2020 programme. PANDA will enable the automotive industry to speed up design and testing of innovative electrified vehicles. In the PANDA project, multi-scale and multi-domain simulation packages are developed to interconnect all components of electrified vehicles. The EMR (Energetic Macroscopic Representation) formalism is used to unify the model organization. Moreover, all the models will be shared in a cloud for both stand-alone simulation and cloud computing. On the contrary to existing solutions which are based on a structural philosophy, PANDA is focused on functional-based approach. First results are provided to compare both approaches for the simulation of an electric vehicle. The EMR-based functional library leads to a reduced computation time of 15% in comparison with a structural-based simulation. This results confirms the ability of the PANDA solution for real-time simulation in particular for Hardware-...

Multibody Analysis and Acoustic Simulation for a Hydraulic Motor

The paper presents a complex investigation of a hydraulic motor. The results loads from a Motion ... more The paper presents a complex investigation of a hydraulic motor. The results loads from a Motion Simulation are combined with an Acoustic analysis to calculate the acoustic response. LMS Virtual.Lab software, a multi-attribute platform for analyses, is used: to simulate the large displacements of a hydraulic motor assembly using multi-body simulation, to apply the resulted loads in order to compute the vibrations on the housing outer surface. These are used as a boundary condition into an acoustic response analysis.

The modeling and simulation of an Electric Vehicle based on Simcenter Amesim platform

2019 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV), 2019

In this paper, two main objectives were pursued: validate a battery model through measured data a... more In this paper, two main objectives were pursued: validate a battery model through measured data and simulate an electric vehicle using the confirmed battery model. The experimental results obtained in the test of the Renault ZOE electric car have been used. The test consisted in achieving a required speed profile, being navigated 83 km in a 6267 seconds driving cycle. We considered two battery models: quasi-static and dynamic. The electric vehicle model is powered by the validated-by-measurements battery dynamic model. Considering the speed profile as input for both simulations, battery and vehicle, the simulation results are compared with the test results. Appropriate models have been developed to ensure a good correlation with experimental results. This study represents a foundation for future researches about the development of the virtual car model using converter and more complex electric motor models.