Lanceolate preform that is simply rounded at its base but sometimes bipointed; tends to be narrow... more Lanceolate preform that is simply rounded at its base but sometimes bipointed; tends to be narrower across its midsection for its overall length than leaf points; generally longer and thicker than leaf points; along with Leppy Hills, displays greatest mean ML:MW index of all the Early and Middle Archaic points; chert and FGV the preferred raw materials; most common in the west along the eastern Sierra Front
Use wear analysis is a very important tool for understanding tool function and daily activities. ... more Use wear analysis is a very important tool for understanding tool function and daily activities. In this paper we present the case of two Portuguese sites, Vale Boi and Lapa do
(Figura 1). La cueva, que se localiza a 540 metros de altitud, muestra una morfología triangular,... more (Figura 1). La cueva, que se localiza a 540 metros de altitud, muestra una morfología triangular, un alto techo y una entrada de aproximadamente 10×8 metros (Figura 2). Debajo de la línea del goteo aparece un cono marcado por la presencia de grandes bloques de piedra caliza, formando uno pasillo abierto de entre 3 y 5 metros de ancho entre la línea del goteo y la boca de la cueva. La entrada se abre dirección norte-noreste y tiene cerca de 5 metros de anchura y un máximo de 1.2 metros de altura (Bicho et al. , 2003; 2006a). Las excavaciones arqueológicas se iniciaron en 1994 con la limpieza de un corte estratigráfico realizado por Gustavo Marques en los años 50 (Marques y Andrade, 1974). En 2001 finalizan los trabajos de campo iniciados en 1996 con motivo de los proyectos dirigidos por N. Bicho: "A Ocupação Humana Paleolítica do Algarve" y " A importância dos recursos aquáticos no Paleolítico do Algarve (Portugal)" (Bicho et al. , 2003). Durante estos años se excavan unos 35 m 2 con una profundidad de 4.5 metros. En 2006, sin embargo, se reanudan de nuevo las excavaciones gracias a un nuevo proyecto coordinado por J. A. Haws. Los objetivos de dicho proyecto fueron ampliar el área de excavación y alcanzar la roca madre con el fin de documentar las ocupaciones humanas más antiguas: Paleolítico Superior inicial y posiblemente Paleolítico medio. La excavación de Lapa do Picareiro ha revelado más de 20 estratos geológicos, si bien el trabajo arqueológico no ha alcanzado todavía la roca madre. Desde las capas A a la U, más de la mitad contenían evidencias de ocupaciones humanas que han sido fechadas mediante radiocarbono (Bicho et al., 2000, 2003). La mayor parte del sedimento de la cueva es éboulis, resultado de la erosión química y física de las paredes y del techo de la cavidad (Bicho et al., 2003; 2006a). La se-brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
In 1991 the Quaternary Sciences Center at the Desert Research Institute (DRI) conducted archaeolo... more In 1991 the Quaternary Sciences Center at the Desert Research Institute (DRI) conducted archaeological investigations at sample unit U19adPL on Pahute Mesa at the request of the Department of Energy, Nevada Field Office. This work was conducted under the Long Range Study ...
Covalent doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can modify their optical properties, e... more Covalent doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can modify their optical properties, enabling applications as single-photon emitters and bio-imaging agents. We report here a simple, quick, and controllable method for preparing oxygen-doped SWCNTs with desirable emission spectra. Aqueous nanotube dispersions are treated at room temperature with NaClO (bleach) and then UV-irradiated for less than one minute to achieve optimized O-doping. The doping efficiency is controlled by varying surfactant concentration and type, NaClO concentration, and irradiation dose. Photochemical action spectra indicate that doping involves reaction of SWCNT sidewalls with oxygen atoms formed by photolysis of ClO − ions. Variance spectroscopy of products reveals that most individual nanotubes in optimally treated samples show both pristine and doped emission. A continuous flow reactor is described that allows efficient preparation of milligram quantities of O-doped SWCNTs. Finally, we demonstrate a bio-imaging application that gives high contrast short-wavelength infrared fluorescence images of vasculature and lymphatic structures in mice injected with only~100 ng of the doped nanotubes.
Models of Neanderthal energetics and energy requirements suggest they required an average daily c... more Models of Neanderthal energetics and energy requirements suggest they required an average daily caloric intake well above the average for anatomically modern human foragers. The reasons stated for this include higher basic metabolic rates, less efficiency at thermoregulation, less efficiency at hunting, greater degrees of mobility, and reduced sexual division of labor in Neanderthal populations. These models suggest that Neanderthal Daily Energy Expenditure may have reached or exceeded 5500 calories per day. Given that most subsistence and isotope studies also suggest that Neanderthals focused their diet on large, terrestrial herbivores, this paper asks: what would be the nutritional consequences of such a diet on pregnant Neanderthal women? Applying a nutritional ecology perspective to the issue, a modeled diet consisting of 5500 calories per day derived exclusively from large, terrestrial herbivores indicates that such a diet would kill a pregnant Neanderthal woman and her develop...
1997 et d'un donateur anonyme en 1999. Ce travail a été rendu possible suite à l'invitation de J.... more 1997 et d'un donateur anonyme en 1999. Ce travail a été rendu possible suite à l'invitation de J. Zilhão, que nous remercions vivement, qui poursuit un important projet de recherche sur l'ensemble du complexe karstique d'Almonda. Les analyses et images au MEB ont été prises au
The issue of site function rarely has been a main focus in the study of Portuguese Upper Paleolit... more The issue of site function rarely has been a main focus in the study of Portuguese Upper Paleolithic. This fact may be related to a lack of interest in this research area. More likely, however, it is due to the fact that there are relatively few Paleolithic sites with data that allow a serious study of site function. At Picareiro Cave, central Portugal, there are various data sets from level F/G dated to the latter Magdalenian that are adequate for this type of research. These are habitat structures, lithic artifacts, macro-and mesofauna, as well as 3D location of all artifacts and fauna larger than 1 cm. Based on the interpretation of the analytical results of each data set, it is possible to reconstruct site function of this particular level of Picareiro Cave. The morphology of one of the hearths, being very large in size, with the base prepared and a pavement surrounding it, as well as the condition and diversity of fauna, indicates that it was used for processing the meat of rabbits, red deer, and wild boar, probably through smoking and grilling. All of the evidence from the diVerent types of data (lithic artifacts, habitat structures, use of space, and fauna) indicate that Layers F/G of Picareiro Cave are the result of a speciWc task, that of processing animal carcasses of rabbits, red deer, and wild boar.
4 Desert Research Institute, Reno NV 89512, USA; Dave. Rhode@ dri. edu Abstract. Numerous caves a... more 4 Desert Research Institute, Reno NV 89512, USA; Dave. Rhode@ dri. edu Abstract. Numerous caves and rockshelters in the Great Basin of western North America contain geological deposits chronicling human adaptive change through the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene periods. This is especially the case in the western Bonneville basin of Nevada and Utah, where three caves in particular—Danger Cave, Smith Creek Cave, and Bonneville Estates Rockshelter—have yielded artifacts, faunal remains, floral remains, ...
Lanceolate preform that is simply rounded at its base but sometimes bipointed; tends to be narrow... more Lanceolate preform that is simply rounded at its base but sometimes bipointed; tends to be narrower across its midsection for its overall length than leaf points; generally longer and thicker than leaf points; along with Leppy Hills, displays greatest mean ML:MW index of all the Early and Middle Archaic points; chert and FGV the preferred raw materials; most common in the west along the eastern Sierra Front
Use wear analysis is a very important tool for understanding tool function and daily activities. ... more Use wear analysis is a very important tool for understanding tool function and daily activities. In this paper we present the case of two Portuguese sites, Vale Boi and Lapa do
(Figura 1). La cueva, que se localiza a 540 metros de altitud, muestra una morfología triangular,... more (Figura 1). La cueva, que se localiza a 540 metros de altitud, muestra una morfología triangular, un alto techo y una entrada de aproximadamente 10×8 metros (Figura 2). Debajo de la línea del goteo aparece un cono marcado por la presencia de grandes bloques de piedra caliza, formando uno pasillo abierto de entre 3 y 5 metros de ancho entre la línea del goteo y la boca de la cueva. La entrada se abre dirección norte-noreste y tiene cerca de 5 metros de anchura y un máximo de 1.2 metros de altura (Bicho et al. , 2003; 2006a). Las excavaciones arqueológicas se iniciaron en 1994 con la limpieza de un corte estratigráfico realizado por Gustavo Marques en los años 50 (Marques y Andrade, 1974). En 2001 finalizan los trabajos de campo iniciados en 1996 con motivo de los proyectos dirigidos por N. Bicho: "A Ocupação Humana Paleolítica do Algarve" y " A importância dos recursos aquáticos no Paleolítico do Algarve (Portugal)" (Bicho et al. , 2003). Durante estos años se excavan unos 35 m 2 con una profundidad de 4.5 metros. En 2006, sin embargo, se reanudan de nuevo las excavaciones gracias a un nuevo proyecto coordinado por J. A. Haws. Los objetivos de dicho proyecto fueron ampliar el área de excavación y alcanzar la roca madre con el fin de documentar las ocupaciones humanas más antiguas: Paleolítico Superior inicial y posiblemente Paleolítico medio. La excavación de Lapa do Picareiro ha revelado más de 20 estratos geológicos, si bien el trabajo arqueológico no ha alcanzado todavía la roca madre. Desde las capas A a la U, más de la mitad contenían evidencias de ocupaciones humanas que han sido fechadas mediante radiocarbono (Bicho et al., 2000, 2003). La mayor parte del sedimento de la cueva es éboulis, resultado de la erosión química y física de las paredes y del techo de la cavidad (Bicho et al., 2003; 2006a). La se-brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
In 1991 the Quaternary Sciences Center at the Desert Research Institute (DRI) conducted archaeolo... more In 1991 the Quaternary Sciences Center at the Desert Research Institute (DRI) conducted archaeological investigations at sample unit U19adPL on Pahute Mesa at the request of the Department of Energy, Nevada Field Office. This work was conducted under the Long Range Study ...
Covalent doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can modify their optical properties, e... more Covalent doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can modify their optical properties, enabling applications as single-photon emitters and bio-imaging agents. We report here a simple, quick, and controllable method for preparing oxygen-doped SWCNTs with desirable emission spectra. Aqueous nanotube dispersions are treated at room temperature with NaClO (bleach) and then UV-irradiated for less than one minute to achieve optimized O-doping. The doping efficiency is controlled by varying surfactant concentration and type, NaClO concentration, and irradiation dose. Photochemical action spectra indicate that doping involves reaction of SWCNT sidewalls with oxygen atoms formed by photolysis of ClO − ions. Variance spectroscopy of products reveals that most individual nanotubes in optimally treated samples show both pristine and doped emission. A continuous flow reactor is described that allows efficient preparation of milligram quantities of O-doped SWCNTs. Finally, we demonstrate a bio-imaging application that gives high contrast short-wavelength infrared fluorescence images of vasculature and lymphatic structures in mice injected with only~100 ng of the doped nanotubes.
Models of Neanderthal energetics and energy requirements suggest they required an average daily c... more Models of Neanderthal energetics and energy requirements suggest they required an average daily caloric intake well above the average for anatomically modern human foragers. The reasons stated for this include higher basic metabolic rates, less efficiency at thermoregulation, less efficiency at hunting, greater degrees of mobility, and reduced sexual division of labor in Neanderthal populations. These models suggest that Neanderthal Daily Energy Expenditure may have reached or exceeded 5500 calories per day. Given that most subsistence and isotope studies also suggest that Neanderthals focused their diet on large, terrestrial herbivores, this paper asks: what would be the nutritional consequences of such a diet on pregnant Neanderthal women? Applying a nutritional ecology perspective to the issue, a modeled diet consisting of 5500 calories per day derived exclusively from large, terrestrial herbivores indicates that such a diet would kill a pregnant Neanderthal woman and her develop...
1997 et d'un donateur anonyme en 1999. Ce travail a été rendu possible suite à l'invitation de J.... more 1997 et d'un donateur anonyme en 1999. Ce travail a été rendu possible suite à l'invitation de J. Zilhão, que nous remercions vivement, qui poursuit un important projet de recherche sur l'ensemble du complexe karstique d'Almonda. Les analyses et images au MEB ont été prises au
The issue of site function rarely has been a main focus in the study of Portuguese Upper Paleolit... more The issue of site function rarely has been a main focus in the study of Portuguese Upper Paleolithic. This fact may be related to a lack of interest in this research area. More likely, however, it is due to the fact that there are relatively few Paleolithic sites with data that allow a serious study of site function. At Picareiro Cave, central Portugal, there are various data sets from level F/G dated to the latter Magdalenian that are adequate for this type of research. These are habitat structures, lithic artifacts, macro-and mesofauna, as well as 3D location of all artifacts and fauna larger than 1 cm. Based on the interpretation of the analytical results of each data set, it is possible to reconstruct site function of this particular level of Picareiro Cave. The morphology of one of the hearths, being very large in size, with the base prepared and a pavement surrounding it, as well as the condition and diversity of fauna, indicates that it was used for processing the meat of rabbits, red deer, and wild boar, probably through smoking and grilling. All of the evidence from the diVerent types of data (lithic artifacts, habitat structures, use of space, and fauna) indicate that Layers F/G of Picareiro Cave are the result of a speciWc task, that of processing animal carcasses of rabbits, red deer, and wild boar.
4 Desert Research Institute, Reno NV 89512, USA; Dave. Rhode@ dri. edu Abstract. Numerous caves a... more 4 Desert Research Institute, Reno NV 89512, USA; Dave. Rhode@ dri. edu Abstract. Numerous caves and rockshelters in the Great Basin of western North America contain geological deposits chronicling human adaptive change through the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene periods. This is especially the case in the western Bonneville basin of Nevada and Utah, where three caves in particular—Danger Cave, Smith Creek Cave, and Bonneville Estates Rockshelter—have yielded artifacts, faunal remains, floral remains, ...
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