Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, affecting most wa... more Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, affecting most warm-blooded animals. Assessing the seroprevalence of T. gondii in different animal species gives a good estimate of the global circulation of the parasite and the risk for human infections. However, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in dogs is not studied as much as other species, despite their close contact with wildlife and humans in rural or urban environments and evidence that dogs can also be a potential source for human contaminations. A commercial enzyme-inked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to detect anti-T. gondii antibodies in sera of hunting dogs potentially naturally infected, was compared to the modified agglutination test (MAT), used as the reference method. The ELISA presented a sensitivity of 76.5% (CI 95%: 60.0–87.6) and a specificity of 87.7% (CI 95%: 76.7–93.9) and a substantial agreement with the MAT for the detection of canine anti-T. gondii antibodies. Both tests can t...
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 2020
Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) is a flagellated parasite with worldwide distribution, mainly affe... more Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) is a flagellated parasite with worldwide distribution, mainly affecting camels, horses, dogs, buffaloes and wild animals. Trypanosomosis caused by T. evansi, known as surra, is a vector borne disease that affects the health and productivity of camels. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of trypanosomosis due to T. evansi in camels by the immune trypanolosis test and to identify associated risk factors. Our cross-sectional study was performed on 161 camels from Ghardaïa district, southern Algeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on individual characteristics (age, gender and breed) husbandry management (herd size and activity of animals) and health conditions (history of abortion and clinical symptoms). The immune trypanolysis test revealed an overall seroprevalence of 9.3% (CI 95%, 5.9-14.9). Possible factors associated with T. evansi infection were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that risk factors for camels were history of symptoms (P = 0.002, OR = 21.91, CI95% = 3.48-169.80), racing activities (P = 0.003, OR = 0.01, CI95% = 0.001-0.18) and small herd size (P = 0.013, OR = 8.22, CI95% = 1.64-49.75). In conclusion, this study showed that T. evansi is endemic in camels of Ghardaïa district. To reduce dissemination of the disease to non-endemic areas, it is recommended to minimise risk factors associated with the infection.
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and assess the potential risk ... more A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and assess the potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp infection among the calves in and around Annaba town, eastern Algeria in both traditional breeding farms and smallholders, and in cross and local calves breed. Three hundred and forty fecal samples were collected from the calves younger than four months, and screened for Cryptosporidium spp oocysts by microscopy. The overall prevalence rate was 24.11%. Associations between each independent variable including age, type of rearing room, hygienic condition of the calves and cryptosporidiosis infection were statistically significant (p<0.05) in both univariate analysis and logistic regression. The cryptosporidiosis prevalence was significantly higher in diarrheic feces calves (30.20 %) comparing to the calves without diarrhea (16.21 %). Coprological evidence of Cryptosporidium spp. was revealed in the calves with associated risk factors such as diarrhea and...
Paratuberculosis (PTCB) or Johne's disease (JD) caused by a slow growing acid fast bacillus M... more Paratuberculosis (PTCB) or Johne's disease (JD) caused by a slow growing acid fast bacillus Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is an infectious disease of many species including humans. The disease is responsible for important economic losses to livestock industry worldwide. Although the disease is widespread, it had not been studied in Algerian sheep. In this study we inspected the presence of the infection in sheep (aged 2 years old or older) using histopathology and IS900-PCR techniques in randomly 378 tissues (ileum, ileoceacale valve and lymph nodes) and fecal samples. Gross lesions were detected in 16 (4%) of samples. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of pathognomonic lesions of JD in 61 (14%) animals. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining of tissue samples was positive in 28 (7%) cases. MAP-DNA was detected in 34 (9%) fecal samples. 14 (4%) animals were tested positive for antibodies against MAP. This study showed that not only ovine paratuberc...
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, and to ass... more A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, and to assess potential risk factors among lactating cows, both local and crossbreeds, in and around Eltarf town in northeast Algeria. A total of 324 lactating cows were included in the survey, examined for mastitis by clinical examination of the udder and teats and tested using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine clinical and subclinical mastitis. Data was collected in a questionnaire during the farm visit. The overall prevalence was 41.66% (135/324), of which 9.80% (32/324) were clinical and 31.79% (103/324) subclinical cases. Out of 1296 quarters examined, the prevalence rate was 41.04% (532/1296), where 9.25% (120/1296) were clinical and 31.79% (412/1296) subclinical aspects of mastitis. Right Hind teats (RH) showed the highest rate of inflammation (51.54%), followed by the Left Hind (LH) teat in second place (44.44%), Right front quarter (RF; 36.11%) and lastly Left Front (LF; 32....
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, affecting most wa... more Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, affecting most warm-blooded animals. Assessing the seroprevalence of T. gondii in different animal species gives a good estimate of the global circulation of the parasite and the risk for human infections. However, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in dogs is not studied as much as other species, despite their close contact with wildlife and humans in rural or urban environments and evidence that dogs can also be a potential source for human contaminations. A commercial enzyme-inked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to detect anti-T. gondii antibodies in sera of hunting dogs potentially naturally infected, was compared to the modified agglutination test (MAT), used as the reference method. The ELISA presented a sensitivity of 76.5% (CI 95%: 60.0–87.6) and a specificity of 87.7% (CI 95%: 76.7–93.9) and a substantial agreement with the MAT for the detection of canine anti-T. gondii antibodies. Both tests can t...
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 2020
Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) is a flagellated parasite with worldwide distribution, mainly affe... more Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) is a flagellated parasite with worldwide distribution, mainly affecting camels, horses, dogs, buffaloes and wild animals. Trypanosomosis caused by T. evansi, known as surra, is a vector borne disease that affects the health and productivity of camels. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of trypanosomosis due to T. evansi in camels by the immune trypanolosis test and to identify associated risk factors. Our cross-sectional study was performed on 161 camels from Ghardaïa district, southern Algeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on individual characteristics (age, gender and breed) husbandry management (herd size and activity of animals) and health conditions (history of abortion and clinical symptoms). The immune trypanolysis test revealed an overall seroprevalence of 9.3% (CI 95%, 5.9-14.9). Possible factors associated with T. evansi infection were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that risk factors for camels were history of symptoms (P = 0.002, OR = 21.91, CI95% = 3.48-169.80), racing activities (P = 0.003, OR = 0.01, CI95% = 0.001-0.18) and small herd size (P = 0.013, OR = 8.22, CI95% = 1.64-49.75). In conclusion, this study showed that T. evansi is endemic in camels of Ghardaïa district. To reduce dissemination of the disease to non-endemic areas, it is recommended to minimise risk factors associated with the infection.
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and assess the potential risk ... more A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and assess the potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp infection among the calves in and around Annaba town, eastern Algeria in both traditional breeding farms and smallholders, and in cross and local calves breed. Three hundred and forty fecal samples were collected from the calves younger than four months, and screened for Cryptosporidium spp oocysts by microscopy. The overall prevalence rate was 24.11%. Associations between each independent variable including age, type of rearing room, hygienic condition of the calves and cryptosporidiosis infection were statistically significant (p<0.05) in both univariate analysis and logistic regression. The cryptosporidiosis prevalence was significantly higher in diarrheic feces calves (30.20 %) comparing to the calves without diarrhea (16.21 %). Coprological evidence of Cryptosporidium spp. was revealed in the calves with associated risk factors such as diarrhea and...
Paratuberculosis (PTCB) or Johne's disease (JD) caused by a slow growing acid fast bacillus M... more Paratuberculosis (PTCB) or Johne's disease (JD) caused by a slow growing acid fast bacillus Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is an infectious disease of many species including humans. The disease is responsible for important economic losses to livestock industry worldwide. Although the disease is widespread, it had not been studied in Algerian sheep. In this study we inspected the presence of the infection in sheep (aged 2 years old or older) using histopathology and IS900-PCR techniques in randomly 378 tissues (ileum, ileoceacale valve and lymph nodes) and fecal samples. Gross lesions were detected in 16 (4%) of samples. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of pathognomonic lesions of JD in 61 (14%) animals. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining of tissue samples was positive in 28 (7%) cases. MAP-DNA was detected in 34 (9%) fecal samples. 14 (4%) animals were tested positive for antibodies against MAP. This study showed that not only ovine paratuberc...
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, and to ass... more A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, and to assess potential risk factors among lactating cows, both local and crossbreeds, in and around Eltarf town in northeast Algeria. A total of 324 lactating cows were included in the survey, examined for mastitis by clinical examination of the udder and teats and tested using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine clinical and subclinical mastitis. Data was collected in a questionnaire during the farm visit. The overall prevalence was 41.66% (135/324), of which 9.80% (32/324) were clinical and 31.79% (103/324) subclinical cases. Out of 1296 quarters examined, the prevalence rate was 41.04% (532/1296), where 9.25% (120/1296) were clinical and 31.79% (412/1296) subclinical aspects of mastitis. Right Hind teats (RH) showed the highest rate of inflammation (51.54%), followed by the Left Hind (LH) teat in second place (44.44%), Right front quarter (RF; 36.11%) and lastly Left Front (LF; 32....
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