In this article, we present RISE-a Robotics Integration and Scenario-Management Extensible-Archit... more In this article, we present RISE-a Robotics Integration and Scenario-Management Extensible-Architecture-for designing human-robot dialogs and conducting Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) studies. In current HRI research, interdisciplinarity in the creation and implementation of interaction studies is becoming increasingly important. In addition, there is a lack of reproducibility of the research results. With the presented open-source architecture, we aim to address these two topics. Therefore, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various existing tools from different sub-fields within robotics. Requirements for an architecture can be derived from this overview of the literature, which 1) supports interdisciplinary research, 2) allows reproducibility of the research, and 3) is accessible to other researchers in the field of HRI. With our architecture, we tackle these requirements by providing a Graphical User Interface which explains the robot behavior and allows introspection into the current state of the dialog. Additionally, it offers controlling possibilities to easily conduct Wizard of Oz studies. To achieve transparency, the dialog is modeled explicitly, and the robot behavior can be configured. Furthermore, the modular architecture offers an interface for external features and sensors and is expandable to new robots and modalities.
Introduction: Although decision support systems (DSS) that rely on artificial intelligence (AI) i... more Introduction: Although decision support systems (DSS) that rely on artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly provide explanations to computer and data scientists about opaque features of the decision process, especially when it involves uncertainty, there is still only limited attention to making the process transparent to end users. Methods: This paper compares four distinct explanation strategies employed by a DSS, represented by the social agent Floka, designed to assist end users in making decisions under uncertainty. Using an economic experiment with participants who make lottery choices according to the Holt and Laury paradigm, we contrast two explanation strategies o ering accurate information (transparent vs. guided) with two strategies prioritizing human-centered explanations (emotional vs. authoritarian) and a baseline (no explanation). Results and discussion: Our findings indicate that a guided explanation strategy results in higher user reliance than a transparent strategy. Furthermore, our results suggest that user reliance is contingent on the chosen explanation strategy, and, in some instances, the absence of an explanation can also lead to increased user reliance.
In this paper, we investigate the effect of distractions and hesitations as a scaffolding strateg... more In this paper, we investigate the effect of distractions and hesitations as a scaffolding strategy. Recent research points to the potential beneficial effects of a speaker’s hesitations on the listeners’ comprehension of utterances, although results from studies on this issue indicate that humans do not make strategic use of them. The role of hesitations and their communicative function in human-human interaction is a much-discussed topic in current research. To better understand the underlying cognitive processes, we developed a human–robot interaction (HRI) setup that allows the measurement of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of a human participant while interacting with a robot. We thereby address the research question of whether we find effects on single-trial EEG based on the distraction and the corresponding robot’s hesitation scaffolding strategy. To carry out the experiments, we leverage our LabLinking method, which enables interdisciplinary joint research between remo...
This paper presents a framework for learning event sequences for anomaly detection in a smart hom... more This paper presents a framework for learning event sequences for anomaly detection in a smart home environment. It addresses environment conditions, device grouping, system performance and explainability of anomalies. Our method models user behavior as sequences of events, triggered by interaction of the home residents with the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Based on a given set of recorded event sequences, the system can learn the habitual behavior of the residents. An anomaly is described as deviation from that normal behavior, previously learned by the system. One key feature of our framework is the explainability of detected anomalies, which is implemented through a simple rule analysis.
Technology, especially cognitive agents and robots, has significant potential to improve the heal... more Technology, especially cognitive agents and robots, has significant potential to improve the healthcare system and patient care. However, innovation within academia seldomly finds its way into practice. At least in Germany, there is still a digitalization gap between academia and healthcare practice and little understanding of how healthcare facilities can successfully purchase, implement, and adopt new knowledge and technology. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a successful academic knowledge transfer strategy for healthcare technology. We conducted a qualitative study with academic staff working in higher education in Germany and professionals in their practice partner organizations. In 15 semi-structured interviews, we aimed to assess interviewees experiences with knowledge transfer, to identify perceived influencing factors, and to understand the key aspects of a successful knowledge transfer strategy. The Dynamic Knowledge Transfer Model by Wehn and Montalvo, 2018 ...
Smart homes are one of the most emergent research fields and provide fundamentally new means of i... more Smart homes are one of the most emergent research fields and provide fundamentally new means of interaction. So-called Smart Personal Assistants (SPAs) entered the household and assist us in our daily activities. Currently, these agents do not react to the attention of the smart home user. However, from Human-Human Interaction (HHI) research we know that humans coordinate their speech and adapt their behavior continuously, based on their interaction partner's actions and reactions. Therefore, the central question I ask in this dissertation is how human attention can be incorporated into dialogue management, to improve Human-Agent Interaction (HAI) in smart homes. Research shows that speakers' hesitations are often produced as a reaction to the listener's inattentiveness in HHI. Furthermore, they can improve the listeners' comprehension. Therefore, I investigate whether it is possible to use system hesitations, based on the attention of the human interaction partner, ...
Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 2021
Social robots in public places could be a useful tool to guide and remind people to adhere to gen... more Social robots in public places could be a useful tool to guide and remind people to adhere to general regulations (e.g., wearing a mask, keeping social distance during a pandemic). Additionally, robots could be a useful assistive tool for public order offices, such as reducing risks of infection for employees. However, it is uncertain whether and how robots could enhance regulation adherence. To this extent, we present the results of a 2 (distraction: yes/no) between- by 2 (argument: strong/weak) within-mixed HRI video study (n=83) investigating the argument's persuasiveness based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion (ELM). Participants watched a video of a robot persuading people to wear a mask using either a strong or a weak argument. As a distraction, participants had to either count the word mask in the video or not. Our results show that the distraction had no influence, while the argument's strength significantly influences the perceived robot's persuasiveness.
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war die Bereitstellung von Ergebnissen zur Nutzun... more Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war die Bereitstellung von Ergebnissen zur Nutzung von Teletherapie während der Corona-Pandemie durch Vertreter*innen von drei Gesundheitsfachberufen. Methoden Im Rahmen einer fragebogengestützten Online-Erhebung wurden 282 Beschäftigte der Ergotherapie, Physiotherapie und Sprachtherapie/Logopädie zu Nutzungsverhalten, Herausforderungen, Potentialen und Rahmenbedingungen von Teletherapie befragt. Ergebnisse Insbesondere Ergotherapeut*innen und Logopäd*innen nutzen die Therapieform. Teletherapie bietet aus Sicht der Befragten auch unabhängig von der Corona-Pandemie Potenzial als alternative Therapieform. Allerdings ist der Bedarf an Unterstützungsangeboten und Schulungen im Bereich der Teletherapie groß. Schlussfolgerung Für eine langfristige Etablierung der Therapieform sind neben technischen Anforderungen und Schulungsangeboten insbesondere Klärungen zu zukünftigen Abrechnungsformalitäten nötig.
Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war die Bereitstellung von Ergebnissen zur Nutzung von Teletherap... more Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war die Bereitstellung von Ergebnissen zur Nutzung von Teletherapie während der Corona-Pandemie durch Vertreter*innen von drei Gesundheitsfachberufen. Methoden Im Rahmen einer fragebogengestützten Online-Erhebung wurden 282 Beschäftigte der Ergotherapie, Physiotherapie und Sprachtherapie/Logopädie zu Nutzungsverhalten, Herausforderungen, Potentialen und Rahmenbedingungen von Teletherapie befragt. Ergebnisse Insbesondere Ergotherapeut*innen und Logopäd*innen nutzen die Therapieform. Teletherapie bietet aus Sicht der Befragten auch unabhängig von der Corona-Pandemie Potenzial als alternative Therapieform. Allerdings ist der Bedarf an Unterstützungsangeboten und Schulungen im Bereich der Teletherapie groß. Schlussfolgerung Für eine langfristige Etablierung der Therapieform sind neben technischen Anforderungen und Schulungsangeboten insbesondere Klärungen zu zukünftigen Abrechnungsformalitäten nötig.
Petras I-K, Richter B, Wrede B, Siniatchkin M. Familien in der Corona-Pandemie: Wie hoch ist die ... more Petras I-K, Richter B, Wrede B, Siniatchkin M. Familien in der Corona-Pandemie: Wie hoch ist die Belastung durch „Homeschooling“? Psychotherapie Aktuell. 2021;(2):14-19
In this article, we present RISE-a Robotics Integration and Scenario-Management Extensible-Archit... more In this article, we present RISE-a Robotics Integration and Scenario-Management Extensible-Architecture-for designing human-robot dialogs and conducting Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) studies. In current HRI research, interdisciplinarity in the creation and implementation of interaction studies is becoming increasingly important. In addition, there is a lack of reproducibility of the research results. With the presented open-source architecture, we aim to address these two topics. Therefore, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various existing tools from different sub-fields within robotics. Requirements for an architecture can be derived from this overview of the literature, which 1) supports interdisciplinary research, 2) allows reproducibility of the research, and 3) is accessible to other researchers in the field of HRI. With our architecture, we tackle these requirements by providing a Graphical User Interface which explains the robot behavior and allows introspection into the current state of the dialog. Additionally, it offers controlling possibilities to easily conduct Wizard of Oz studies. To achieve transparency, the dialog is modeled explicitly, and the robot behavior can be configured. Furthermore, the modular architecture offers an interface for external features and sensors and is expandable to new robots and modalities.
Introduction: Although decision support systems (DSS) that rely on artificial intelligence (AI) i... more Introduction: Although decision support systems (DSS) that rely on artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly provide explanations to computer and data scientists about opaque features of the decision process, especially when it involves uncertainty, there is still only limited attention to making the process transparent to end users. Methods: This paper compares four distinct explanation strategies employed by a DSS, represented by the social agent Floka, designed to assist end users in making decisions under uncertainty. Using an economic experiment with participants who make lottery choices according to the Holt and Laury paradigm, we contrast two explanation strategies o ering accurate information (transparent vs. guided) with two strategies prioritizing human-centered explanations (emotional vs. authoritarian) and a baseline (no explanation). Results and discussion: Our findings indicate that a guided explanation strategy results in higher user reliance than a transparent strategy. Furthermore, our results suggest that user reliance is contingent on the chosen explanation strategy, and, in some instances, the absence of an explanation can also lead to increased user reliance.
In this paper, we investigate the effect of distractions and hesitations as a scaffolding strateg... more In this paper, we investigate the effect of distractions and hesitations as a scaffolding strategy. Recent research points to the potential beneficial effects of a speaker’s hesitations on the listeners’ comprehension of utterances, although results from studies on this issue indicate that humans do not make strategic use of them. The role of hesitations and their communicative function in human-human interaction is a much-discussed topic in current research. To better understand the underlying cognitive processes, we developed a human–robot interaction (HRI) setup that allows the measurement of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of a human participant while interacting with a robot. We thereby address the research question of whether we find effects on single-trial EEG based on the distraction and the corresponding robot’s hesitation scaffolding strategy. To carry out the experiments, we leverage our LabLinking method, which enables interdisciplinary joint research between remo...
This paper presents a framework for learning event sequences for anomaly detection in a smart hom... more This paper presents a framework for learning event sequences for anomaly detection in a smart home environment. It addresses environment conditions, device grouping, system performance and explainability of anomalies. Our method models user behavior as sequences of events, triggered by interaction of the home residents with the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Based on a given set of recorded event sequences, the system can learn the habitual behavior of the residents. An anomaly is described as deviation from that normal behavior, previously learned by the system. One key feature of our framework is the explainability of detected anomalies, which is implemented through a simple rule analysis.
Technology, especially cognitive agents and robots, has significant potential to improve the heal... more Technology, especially cognitive agents and robots, has significant potential to improve the healthcare system and patient care. However, innovation within academia seldomly finds its way into practice. At least in Germany, there is still a digitalization gap between academia and healthcare practice and little understanding of how healthcare facilities can successfully purchase, implement, and adopt new knowledge and technology. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a successful academic knowledge transfer strategy for healthcare technology. We conducted a qualitative study with academic staff working in higher education in Germany and professionals in their practice partner organizations. In 15 semi-structured interviews, we aimed to assess interviewees experiences with knowledge transfer, to identify perceived influencing factors, and to understand the key aspects of a successful knowledge transfer strategy. The Dynamic Knowledge Transfer Model by Wehn and Montalvo, 2018 ...
Smart homes are one of the most emergent research fields and provide fundamentally new means of i... more Smart homes are one of the most emergent research fields and provide fundamentally new means of interaction. So-called Smart Personal Assistants (SPAs) entered the household and assist us in our daily activities. Currently, these agents do not react to the attention of the smart home user. However, from Human-Human Interaction (HHI) research we know that humans coordinate their speech and adapt their behavior continuously, based on their interaction partner's actions and reactions. Therefore, the central question I ask in this dissertation is how human attention can be incorporated into dialogue management, to improve Human-Agent Interaction (HAI) in smart homes. Research shows that speakers' hesitations are often produced as a reaction to the listener's inattentiveness in HHI. Furthermore, they can improve the listeners' comprehension. Therefore, I investigate whether it is possible to use system hesitations, based on the attention of the human interaction partner, ...
Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 2021
Social robots in public places could be a useful tool to guide and remind people to adhere to gen... more Social robots in public places could be a useful tool to guide and remind people to adhere to general regulations (e.g., wearing a mask, keeping social distance during a pandemic). Additionally, robots could be a useful assistive tool for public order offices, such as reducing risks of infection for employees. However, it is uncertain whether and how robots could enhance regulation adherence. To this extent, we present the results of a 2 (distraction: yes/no) between- by 2 (argument: strong/weak) within-mixed HRI video study (n=83) investigating the argument's persuasiveness based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion (ELM). Participants watched a video of a robot persuading people to wear a mask using either a strong or a weak argument. As a distraction, participants had to either count the word mask in the video or not. Our results show that the distraction had no influence, while the argument's strength significantly influences the perceived robot's persuasiveness.
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war die Bereitstellung von Ergebnissen zur Nutzun... more Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war die Bereitstellung von Ergebnissen zur Nutzung von Teletherapie während der Corona-Pandemie durch Vertreter*innen von drei Gesundheitsfachberufen. Methoden Im Rahmen einer fragebogengestützten Online-Erhebung wurden 282 Beschäftigte der Ergotherapie, Physiotherapie und Sprachtherapie/Logopädie zu Nutzungsverhalten, Herausforderungen, Potentialen und Rahmenbedingungen von Teletherapie befragt. Ergebnisse Insbesondere Ergotherapeut*innen und Logopäd*innen nutzen die Therapieform. Teletherapie bietet aus Sicht der Befragten auch unabhängig von der Corona-Pandemie Potenzial als alternative Therapieform. Allerdings ist der Bedarf an Unterstützungsangeboten und Schulungen im Bereich der Teletherapie groß. Schlussfolgerung Für eine langfristige Etablierung der Therapieform sind neben technischen Anforderungen und Schulungsangeboten insbesondere Klärungen zu zukünftigen Abrechnungsformalitäten nötig.
Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war die Bereitstellung von Ergebnissen zur Nutzung von Teletherap... more Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war die Bereitstellung von Ergebnissen zur Nutzung von Teletherapie während der Corona-Pandemie durch Vertreter*innen von drei Gesundheitsfachberufen. Methoden Im Rahmen einer fragebogengestützten Online-Erhebung wurden 282 Beschäftigte der Ergotherapie, Physiotherapie und Sprachtherapie/Logopädie zu Nutzungsverhalten, Herausforderungen, Potentialen und Rahmenbedingungen von Teletherapie befragt. Ergebnisse Insbesondere Ergotherapeut*innen und Logopäd*innen nutzen die Therapieform. Teletherapie bietet aus Sicht der Befragten auch unabhängig von der Corona-Pandemie Potenzial als alternative Therapieform. Allerdings ist der Bedarf an Unterstützungsangeboten und Schulungen im Bereich der Teletherapie groß. Schlussfolgerung Für eine langfristige Etablierung der Therapieform sind neben technischen Anforderungen und Schulungsangeboten insbesondere Klärungen zu zukünftigen Abrechnungsformalitäten nötig.
Petras I-K, Richter B, Wrede B, Siniatchkin M. Familien in der Corona-Pandemie: Wie hoch ist die ... more Petras I-K, Richter B, Wrede B, Siniatchkin M. Familien in der Corona-Pandemie: Wie hoch ist die Belastung durch „Homeschooling“? Psychotherapie Aktuell. 2021;(2):14-19
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