Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in m... more Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in many nations worldwide. Because they had no written language, an important aspect in the study of these people is the discovery of their tombs. It has been generally accepted that Xiongnu was the first empire created by nomadic tribe in the 3rd century B.C. However, little population genetic information is available concerning the Donghu, another flourishing nomadic tribe at the same period because of the restriction of materials until Jinggouzi site was excavated. In order to test the genetic characteristics of ancient people in this site and explore the relationship between Jinggouzis and Donghus, two uniparentally inherited markers were analyzed from 42 human remains in this site, which located in northern China, dated approximately 2,500 years ago. With ancient DNA technology, four mtDNA haplogroups (D, G, C and M10) and one Y chromosome haplogroup (C) were identified using mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs). Those haplogroups are common in North Asia and East Asia. And the Jinggouzi people were genetically closest to the Xianbeis in ancient populations and to the Oroqens among extant populations, who were all pastoralists. This might indicate that ancient Jinggouzi people were nomads. Meanwhile, according to the genetic data and the evidences in archaeology, we inferred that Jinggouzi people were associated with Donghu. It is of much value to trace the history of Donghu tribe and might show some insight into the ancient nomadic society.
This multiplex is a 5-dye system that enables typing of 19 autosomal STR loci, four Y-STR loci, a... more This multiplex is a 5-dye system that enables typing of 19 autosomal STR loci, four Y-STR loci, and amelogenin. The blue channel consists of fluorescein-labeled STR amplicons for the D3S1358, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, Penta E, and DYS635 loci. The green channel includes DNA fragments labeled with hexachlorofluorescein (HEX) for the DYS456, TPOX, TH01, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, and DYS458 loci. The yellow channel consists of amplification products for the DYS391, D19S433, vWA, D21S11, D18S51, and D6S1043 loci that are labeled with tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA). The amplified products for amelogenin, D8S1179, D5S818, D12S391, and FGA loci are in the red channel and labeled with 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX). Fragments included in the internal lane standard are detected in the orange channel and are labeled with SIZ-500. Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis methods (SWGDAM) developmental validation guidelines [5] and the Chinese criteria [6] for human fluorescent STR multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagent are followed in the development and validation of the EX20+4 System.
To establish a multiplex STR genotyping method for autosomal STR and Y-STR loci in forensic biolo... more To establish a multiplex STR genotyping method for autosomal STR and Y-STR loci in forensic biological practice. Widely used autosomal STR loci and Y-STR loci were selected. A set of PCR primers was designed, and a 5-dye fluorescent labeled STR multiplex PCR reagent kit was developed. A kit was developed which can simultaneously detect 15 autosomal STR loci, 10 Y-STR loci, and an Amelogenin. The 15 autosomal STR plus 10 Y-STR kit in combination with capillary electrophoresis method was used to STR genotyping with accurate and reliable results. The new one-step testing kit can potentially be widely used in forensic cases and DNA databank in the future.
Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in m... more Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in many nations worldwide. Because they had no written language, an important aspect in the study of these people is the discovery of their tombs. It has been generally accepted that Xiongnu was the first empire created by nomadic tribe in the 3rd century
Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in m... more Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in many nations worldwide. Because they had no written language, an important aspect in the study of these people is the discovery of their tombs. It has been generally accepted that Xiongnu was the first empire created by a nomadic tribe in the 3rd century BC. However, little population genetic information is available concerning the Donghu, another flourishing nomadic tribe at the same period because of the restriction of materials until the Jinggouzi site was excavated. In order to test the genetic characteristics of ancient people in this site and to explore the relationship between Jinggouzis and Donghus, two uniparentally inherited markers were analyzed from 42 human remains in this site, which was located in northern China, dated approximately 2500 years ago. With ancient DNA technology, four mtDNA haplogroups (D, G, C, and M10) and one Y chromosome haplogroup (C) were identified using mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms. Those haplogroups are common in North Asia and East Asia. The Jinggouzi people were genetically closest to the Xianbeis in ancient populations and to the Oroqens among extant populations, who were all pastoralists. This might indicate that ancient Jinggouzi people were nomads. Meanwhile, according to the genetic data and the evidences in archaeology, we inferred that Jinggouzi people were associated with Donghu. It is of much value to trace the history of the Donghu tribe and this might show some insight into the ancient nomadic society.
This multiplex is a 5-dye system that enables typing of 19 autosomal STR loci, four Y-STR loci, a... more This multiplex is a 5-dye system that enables typing of 19 autosomal STR loci, four Y-STR loci, and amelogenin. The blue channel consists of fluorescein-labeled STR amplicons for the D3S1358, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, Penta E, and DYS635 loci. The green channel includes DNA fragments labeled with hexachlorofluorescein (HEX) for the DYS456, TPOX, TH01, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, and DYS458 loci. The yellow channel consists of amplification products for the DYS391, D19S433, vWA, D21S11, D18S51, and D6S1043 loci that are labeled with tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA). The amplified products for amelogenin, D8S1179, D5S818, D12S391, and FGA loci are in the red channel and labeled with 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX). Fragments included in the internal lane standard are detected in the orange channel and are labeled with SIZ-500. Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis methods (SWGDAM) developmental validation guidelines [5] and the Chinese criteria [6] for human fluorescent STR multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagent are followed in the development and validation of the EX20+4 System.
The Xianbei existed as a remarkable nomadic tribe in northeastern China for three dynasties: the ... more The Xianbei existed as a remarkable nomadic tribe in northeastern China for three dynasties: the Han, Jin, and Northern-Southern dynasties (206 BC to 581 AD) in Chinese history. A very important subtribe of the Xianbei is the Murong Xianbei. To investigate the genetic structure of the Murong Xianbei population and to address its genetic relationships with other nomadic tribes at a molecular level, we analyzed the control region sequences and coding-region single nucleotide polymorphism markers of mtDNA from the remains of the Lamadong cemetery of the Three-Yan Culture of the Murong Xianbei population, which is dated to 1,600-1,700 years ago. By combining polymorphisms of the control region with those from the code region, we assigned 17 individu-Grant sponsor: National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research; Grant numbers: J0530184.
Objectives: To establish a novel multiplex amplification system which comprises 24 Y-STR loci. Me... more Objectives: To establish a novel multiplex amplification system which comprises 24 Y-STR loci. Methods: otal 24 Y-STR gene loci, concluding DYS531, DYS630, DYS622, DYS552, DYS510, DYS449, DYS459a/b, DYS446, DYS443, DYS635, DYS587, DYS527a/b, DYS460, Y-GATA-A10, DYS520, DYS557, DYS522, DYS481, DYS570, DYS385a/b, DYS444, were chosen for establishing the fluorescence multiplex amplification system. The specificity, identity, sensitivity, balance of the amplification, anti-interference and accuracy of the system were detected and the gene diversity was investigated in the population of Guangdong. Results: No band was found in nonhuman and female samples that were tested by the established multiplex amplification system. The same genotyping results were obtained from different tissues of the same person. Complete profiles could be obtained from more than 0.1 ng of the standard sample 9948. The loss of alleles was found when the common inhibitors such as hemoglobin and calcium ion were added 120-200 μmol/L and 1.5-2.0 mmol/L respectively to the system which with a strong anti-interference to the indigo, humic acid and EDTA. The typing of 24 Y-STR system could give the reliable results when 146 unrelated male individuals were detected and compared with the Yfiler system parallelly. The haplotype diversity （HD） of the population in Guangdong reached 0.999 72 that was better than the result retained from Yfiler system, which the HD was 0.998 58. Conclusions: The fluorescence amplification system with 24 Y-STR loci established in present study has a wildly application prospect and can be used for cases inspection, paternity tests and Y-STR database construction.
Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in m... more Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in many nations worldwide. Because they had no written language, an important aspect in the study of these people is the discovery of their tombs. It has been generally accepted that Xiongnu was the first empire created by nomadic tribe in the 3rd century B.C. However, little population genetic information is available concerning the Donghu, another flourishing nomadic tribe at the same period because of the restriction of materials until Jinggouzi site was excavated. In order to test the genetic characteristics of ancient people in this site and explore the relationship between Jinggouzis and Donghus, two uniparentally inherited markers were analyzed from 42 human remains in this site, which located in northern China, dated approximately 2,500 years ago. With ancient DNA technology, four mtDNA haplogroups (D, G, C and M10) and one Y chromosome haplogroup (C) were identified using mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs). Those haplogroups are common in North Asia and East Asia. And the Jinggouzi people were genetically closest to the Xianbeis in ancient populations and to the Oroqens among extant populations, who were all pastoralists. This might indicate that ancient Jinggouzi people were nomads. Meanwhile, according to the genetic data and the evidences in archaeology, we inferred that Jinggouzi people were associated with Donghu. It is of much value to trace the history of Donghu tribe and might show some insight into the ancient nomadic society.
This multiplex is a 5-dye system that enables typing of 19 autosomal STR loci, four Y-STR loci, a... more This multiplex is a 5-dye system that enables typing of 19 autosomal STR loci, four Y-STR loci, and amelogenin. The blue channel consists of fluorescein-labeled STR amplicons for the D3S1358, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, Penta E, and DYS635 loci. The green channel includes DNA fragments labeled with hexachlorofluorescein (HEX) for the DYS456, TPOX, TH01, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, and DYS458 loci. The yellow channel consists of amplification products for the DYS391, D19S433, vWA, D21S11, D18S51, and D6S1043 loci that are labeled with tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA). The amplified products for amelogenin, D8S1179, D5S818, D12S391, and FGA loci are in the red channel and labeled with 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX). Fragments included in the internal lane standard are detected in the orange channel and are labeled with SIZ-500. Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis methods (SWGDAM) developmental validation guidelines [5] and the Chinese criteria [6] for human fluorescent STR multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagent are followed in the development and validation of the EX20+4 System.
To establish a multiplex STR genotyping method for autosomal STR and Y-STR loci in forensic biolo... more To establish a multiplex STR genotyping method for autosomal STR and Y-STR loci in forensic biological practice. Widely used autosomal STR loci and Y-STR loci were selected. A set of PCR primers was designed, and a 5-dye fluorescent labeled STR multiplex PCR reagent kit was developed. A kit was developed which can simultaneously detect 15 autosomal STR loci, 10 Y-STR loci, and an Amelogenin. The 15 autosomal STR plus 10 Y-STR kit in combination with capillary electrophoresis method was used to STR genotyping with accurate and reliable results. The new one-step testing kit can potentially be widely used in forensic cases and DNA databank in the future.
Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in m... more Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in many nations worldwide. Because they had no written language, an important aspect in the study of these people is the discovery of their tombs. It has been generally accepted that Xiongnu was the first empire created by nomadic tribe in the 3rd century
Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in m... more Nomadic populations have played a significant role in the history of not only China but also in many nations worldwide. Because they had no written language, an important aspect in the study of these people is the discovery of their tombs. It has been generally accepted that Xiongnu was the first empire created by a nomadic tribe in the 3rd century BC. However, little population genetic information is available concerning the Donghu, another flourishing nomadic tribe at the same period because of the restriction of materials until the Jinggouzi site was excavated. In order to test the genetic characteristics of ancient people in this site and to explore the relationship between Jinggouzis and Donghus, two uniparentally inherited markers were analyzed from 42 human remains in this site, which was located in northern China, dated approximately 2500 years ago. With ancient DNA technology, four mtDNA haplogroups (D, G, C, and M10) and one Y chromosome haplogroup (C) were identified using mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms. Those haplogroups are common in North Asia and East Asia. The Jinggouzi people were genetically closest to the Xianbeis in ancient populations and to the Oroqens among extant populations, who were all pastoralists. This might indicate that ancient Jinggouzi people were nomads. Meanwhile, according to the genetic data and the evidences in archaeology, we inferred that Jinggouzi people were associated with Donghu. It is of much value to trace the history of the Donghu tribe and this might show some insight into the ancient nomadic society.
This multiplex is a 5-dye system that enables typing of 19 autosomal STR loci, four Y-STR loci, a... more This multiplex is a 5-dye system that enables typing of 19 autosomal STR loci, four Y-STR loci, and amelogenin. The blue channel consists of fluorescein-labeled STR amplicons for the D3S1358, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, Penta E, and DYS635 loci. The green channel includes DNA fragments labeled with hexachlorofluorescein (HEX) for the DYS456, TPOX, TH01, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, and DYS458 loci. The yellow channel consists of amplification products for the DYS391, D19S433, vWA, D21S11, D18S51, and D6S1043 loci that are labeled with tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA). The amplified products for amelogenin, D8S1179, D5S818, D12S391, and FGA loci are in the red channel and labeled with 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX). Fragments included in the internal lane standard are detected in the orange channel and are labeled with SIZ-500. Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis methods (SWGDAM) developmental validation guidelines [5] and the Chinese criteria [6] for human fluorescent STR multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagent are followed in the development and validation of the EX20+4 System.
The Xianbei existed as a remarkable nomadic tribe in northeastern China for three dynasties: the ... more The Xianbei existed as a remarkable nomadic tribe in northeastern China for three dynasties: the Han, Jin, and Northern-Southern dynasties (206 BC to 581 AD) in Chinese history. A very important subtribe of the Xianbei is the Murong Xianbei. To investigate the genetic structure of the Murong Xianbei population and to address its genetic relationships with other nomadic tribes at a molecular level, we analyzed the control region sequences and coding-region single nucleotide polymorphism markers of mtDNA from the remains of the Lamadong cemetery of the Three-Yan Culture of the Murong Xianbei population, which is dated to 1,600-1,700 years ago. By combining polymorphisms of the control region with those from the code region, we assigned 17 individu-Grant sponsor: National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research; Grant numbers: J0530184.
Objectives: To establish a novel multiplex amplification system which comprises 24 Y-STR loci. Me... more Objectives: To establish a novel multiplex amplification system which comprises 24 Y-STR loci. Methods: otal 24 Y-STR gene loci, concluding DYS531, DYS630, DYS622, DYS552, DYS510, DYS449, DYS459a/b, DYS446, DYS443, DYS635, DYS587, DYS527a/b, DYS460, Y-GATA-A10, DYS520, DYS557, DYS522, DYS481, DYS570, DYS385a/b, DYS444, were chosen for establishing the fluorescence multiplex amplification system. The specificity, identity, sensitivity, balance of the amplification, anti-interference and accuracy of the system were detected and the gene diversity was investigated in the population of Guangdong. Results: No band was found in nonhuman and female samples that were tested by the established multiplex amplification system. The same genotyping results were obtained from different tissues of the same person. Complete profiles could be obtained from more than 0.1 ng of the standard sample 9948. The loss of alleles was found when the common inhibitors such as hemoglobin and calcium ion were added 120-200 μmol/L and 1.5-2.0 mmol/L respectively to the system which with a strong anti-interference to the indigo, humic acid and EDTA. The typing of 24 Y-STR system could give the reliable results when 146 unrelated male individuals were detected and compared with the Yfiler system parallelly. The haplotype diversity （HD） of the population in Guangdong reached 0.999 72 that was better than the result retained from Yfiler system, which the HD was 0.998 58. Conclusions: The fluorescence amplification system with 24 Y-STR loci established in present study has a wildly application prospect and can be used for cases inspection, paternity tests and Y-STR database construction.
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