International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing
This paper presents the GPDS (Getting Started, Planning, Design, and Sustainability) Planning Fra... more This paper presents the GPDS (Getting Started, Planning, Design, and Sustainability) Planning Framework for Social Marketing. A qualitative research design was employed. Data were collected from social marketing experts using the Delphi method and analyzed using the thematic analysis approach. The proposed framework includes key strengths of existing Social Marketing Planning (SMP) approaches. It also embeds emerging social marketing principles in the planning process, such as ‘Continuous Consumer Research and Feedback Loop’ (embracing key aspects of monitoring and evaluation) and ‘Expert Consultation’ to overcome the lack of clarity on the interdisciplinary language used in the field. Importantly, the critical aspect of ‘Sustainability’ in the changed behavior is incorporated, aligning with the global consensus definition of social marketing and the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focus on sustainable outcomes. Both theory and practice have been applied to...
Teknik dalam melakukan permainan bola basket untuk di terapkan dalam siswa/siswi mengalami kesuli... more Teknik dalam melakukan permainan bola basket untuk di terapkan dalam siswa/siswi mengalami kesulitan karena dalam teknik tersebut membutuhkan kecepatan, kelincahan dan akurasi yang cukup tinggi. Sedangkan untuk karakteristik siswa/siswi tingkat SD/MI belum bisa memenuhi hal tersebut. Apalagi dalam melakukan passing selalu mengalami kesulitan, yaitu ketidak tepatan operan serta penangkapan operan. Karakteristik siswa/siswi SD/MI juga masih individualisme dan kurangnya kerjasama dengan team. Keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana menjadikan proses pembelajaran bola basket tidak dapat berjalan. Untuk melakukan pendekatan teknik tersebut melalui permainan modifikasi yaitu permainan basso. Basso adalah permainan yang menggunakan bola besar seperti bola basket dan bola voli, yang dibawa melintasi line (garis penjaga) tanpa tersentuh lawan atau penjaga. Permainan basso adalah permainan modifikasi dari permainan bola basket dan gopak sodor. Pembelajaran dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Model pembelaj...
Produksi minyak dan gas dari lepas pantai (offshore) dan laut dalam semakin meningkat dalam sepul... more Produksi minyak dan gas dari lepas pantai (offshore) dan laut dalam semakin meningkat dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir ini. Hal ini berarti semakin meningkatnya juga teknologi dari offshore pipeline. Pada saat ini teknologi dari offshore pipeline telah mencapai lebih dari 6000 feet. Seringkali ongkos dari konstruksi offshore pipeline lebih besar dari biaya pengeboran dan biaya produksi. Oleh karena itu pengembangan dan pemeliharaan dari offshore pipeline telah menjadi topik yang penting untuk mengefektifkan biaya pada produksi minyak dan gas dari lepas pantai (offshore) dan laut dalam. Pada tesis ini dilakukan analisis berdasarkan Recommended Practice DNV-RP-F101 Corroded Pipelines untuk menentukan kekuatan sisa riser pipeline yang terkorosi dengan srudi kasus Chevron West-seno riser pipeline. Analisis kekuatan sisa dilakukan berdasarkan data korosi yang didapat dari ultrasonic test yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2008, data operasi dari pipeline, data dimensi, dan data material pipa. Anal...
Objective: The main aim of this study was evaluate the thrombocytopenia associated with enormous ... more Objective: The main aim of this study was evaluate the thrombocytopenia associated with enormous use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Place and duration of study: This study was carried out in a duration of 10 months from February 2018 to November 2018 in medical department of Mayo Hospital Lahore. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients were selected who were taking PPI for long term and then their blood samples were taken and sent to a reliable laboratory for CBC and look for thrombocytopenia. All these patients had previous history of NSAID's use and had developed gastric ulcers due to it. Informed consent was taken from all the patients or their relatives. Ethical committee approval was taken. A pre-designed proforma was used to collect the data. Results: A total of 50 patients were selected to collect the data who were using PPI. A minor decrease in white blood cells were seen in all these patients. All the patients were given one prophylactic dose of heparin which co...
Purpose This paper aims to develop and present a new planning framework of social marketing, know... more Purpose This paper aims to develop and present a new planning framework of social marketing, known as consumer research, segmentation, design of the social programme, implementation, evaluation and sustainability (CSD-IES). Design/methodology/approach The proposed framework is based on recent theoretical developments in social marketing and is informed by the key strengths of existing social marketing planning approaches. Findings The CSD-IES planning framework incorporates emerging principles of social marketing. For example, sustainability in changed behaviour, ethical considerations in designing social marketing programmes, the need for continuous research to understand the changing needs of the priority audience during the programme and the need for explicit feedback mechanisms. Research limitations/implications The CSD-IES framework is a dynamic and flexible framework that guides social marketers, other practitioners and researchers to develop, implement and evaluate effective ...
2020 IEEE 14th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC), 2020
An increasing amount of data and information coming from social networks that can be used to gene... more An increasing amount of data and information coming from social networks that can be used to generate a variety of data patterns for different types of investigation such as human social behavior, system security, criminology etc. A framework is developed to predict major types of social media crimes (Cyber stalking, Cyber bullying, Cyber Hacking, Cyber Harassment, and Cyber Scam) using the data obtained from social media website. The proposed framework is consist of three modules; data (tweet) pre-processing, classifying model builder and prediction. To build the prediction model Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used that classify given data into different classes of crime. Further N-Gram language model is used with these machine learning algorithms to identify the best value of n and measure the accuracy of the system at different levels such as Unigram, Bigram, Trigram, and 4-gram. Results shows that all three algorithm attain the precision, Recall and F-measure above than 0.9 however Support vector machine performed slightly better. The proposed system produced better accuracy result as compared to existing network-based feature selection approach.
The effect of geometry and nanoparticles concentrations on the heat transfer and friction factor ... more The effect of geometry and nanoparticles concentrations on the heat transfer and friction factor of the microchannel. • The conventional straight channel is compared with uniform wavy, dual wavy channel considering the equal volume. • The optimum channel is identified by using the Thermal Performance Factor considering the effect of heat transfer and pressure drop. • The heat transfer performance of all wavy channels was more than double compared to straight channel and increased with an increase in Reynolds number. • The base wall temperature reduced on average from 6 • C to 10 • C for a 100 to 900 increase in Reynolds number compared to the straight channel.
International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 2021
This paper contributes to emerging discourse about the ongoing challenges and opportunities of so... more This paper contributes to emerging discourse about the ongoing challenges and opportunities of social marketing as a discipline. The paper presents a qualitative perspective on existing challenges faced by social marketing and offers suggestions for addressing these challenges. Nine semi-structured interviews with social marketing academics and practitioners from six different countries were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and interpret the qualitative data. The study provides insight into existing challenges for social marketing, classified into three key themes according to their position within or outside of the discipline: 1) poor branding of the discipline as an internal challenge, 2) competing disciplines as an external challenge, and 3) overall reach of the discipline, seen as both an internal and external challenge. The findings suggest that social marketing needs to overcome poor branding issues to sufficiently address external challenges. We conclude by ar...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020
This paper presents a fresh understanding of the vigorous connection between inward FDI, renewabl... more This paper presents a fresh understanding of the vigorous connection between inward FDI, renewable energy consumption, economic growth and carbon emission in the Chinese economy employing novel Morlet wavelet analysis. Wavelet correlation, continuous wavelet transform and partial and the multiple wavelet coherence analyses are applied on variables under study for data acquired during the period 1979 to 2017. The outcome of these analyses reveals that the connections among the variables progress over frequency and time. From the frequency domain point of view, the current study discovers noteworthy wavelet coherence and robust lead and lag linkages, although time domain reveals inconsistent associations among the considered variables. The wavelet analysis according to economic point of view supports that inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and renewable energy consumption help to enhance economic condition in Chinese economy. The results also suggested that inward FDI enhances the environmental degradation in medium and long run in China. The results emphasize the significance of having organized strategies by the policymakers to cope with huge environmental degradation occurred for a couple of decades in China.
Background: This paper addresses the key factors that cause social marketing programs (typically ... more Background: This paper addresses the key factors that cause social marketing programs (typically consisting of discrete programs or interventions, but also including broader-scale initiatives) to fail. It argues that understanding these failures offers greater insight to researchers and practitioners than publications solely focused on successes. Focus: Our paper discusses the causes of the failure of social marketing programs, an area that has largely been ignored in extant research. Research Question: What causes social marketing programs to fail? Importance: As the majority of practitioner-oriented social marketing research focuses on how to develop a successful program, we identify a tendency to ignore failed programs. We suggest that both researchers and practitioners can arguably learn more useful lessons from failures rather than successes. Thus, this paper contributes to social marketing literature by exploring the key causes of social marketing failures. Methods: We conduct...
Purpose: This paper presents a systematic review of the use of social marketing principles in sex... more Purpose: This paper presents a systematic review of the use of social marketing principles in sexual health studies in order to determine the effectiveness of the programmes. Method: A systematic literature review method was used, and Andreasen’s (2002) benchmark criteria were adopted to analyse the use of social marketing principles in the selected studies.Findings: There is evidence of full use of some elements of Andreasen’s (2002) benchmark criteria, for example consumer research, behaviour change objectives and segmentation. The use of the marketing mix theory and exchange elements were limited, whereas the evidence of the use of competition is not noted. In addition, the majority of the selected studies focus on short-term objectives, leading to varying and inconsistent outcomes. Overall, no single element of Andreasen’s (2002) benchmark criteria was independently associated with the success of any of the selected studies. Implication: The review highlights a need to use more ...
Parabolic trough collector is the most mature and widely deployed concentrated solar power techno... more Parabolic trough collector is the most mature and widely deployed concentrated solar power technology with temperature ranging from 325 to 700 K. In this study, three different absorber tube geometries (smooth absorber tube, absorber tube with twisted tape insert and tube with longitudinal fins) of commercially available LS-2 collector are modeled and investigated using engineering equation solver. The objective of this study is to present a numerical comparative analysis of the available thermal enhancement techniques. Comprehensive energetic and exergetic performance of different tube geometry configurations using Al 2 O 3 /water as a heat transfer fluid has been compared to assess the nature of exergy destruction due to the fluid's pressure, due to the heat transfer between sun and the receiver wall and due to the temperature difference between receiver wall and heat transfer fluid temperature. Furthermore, pure base fluid (water) along with the nanofluid is used to evaluate the system's performance (thermal efficiency, exergetic efficiency, heat transfer coefficient, receiver temperature, pressure drop, pumping work demand and friction factor). Smooth absorber tube with pure base fluid is the reference case, while five cases (smooth tube with nanofluid, tube with pure water and fins inserted, tube with nanofluid and fins inserted, tube with pure water and twisted tape inserted, tube with nanofluid and twisted tape inserted) are investigated. Thermal efficiency of absorber tube with twisted tape insert and nanofluid is almost 72.26%, followed by tube with internal fins (72.10%), while smooth absorber tube has nearly 71.09%. Heat transfer coefficient of twisted tape inserted tube with nanofluid and longitudinal fins tube with nanofluid is greater than smooth absorber tube to almost 118.23% and 103.26%, respectively. The emphasis is also given to the pressure drop of the examined cases as it depends up on the friction factor of the absorber tubes. The use of nanofluid and twisted tape inserts leads to higher thermal enhancement, followed by the nanofluid and internal fins inserted tube. The nanoparticle concentration is also varied to investigate its effect on different performance parameters of the system.
Academic buildings in a typical university campus occupy 42% of the total space and are responsib... more Academic buildings in a typical university campus occupy 42% of the total space and are responsible for nearly 50 percent of the total energy use and carbon emissions of the campus. Forecasting of energy consumption in this energy intensive building category could help higher education institutions in taking energy saving initiatives and in revising their building operating strategies. Reliable predictive techniques does not only help in forecasting a building’ energy consumption, but also help in identifying a variety of factors affecting the energy consumption of that building. This study attempts to forecast and benchmark the daily electricity consumption of an academic building situated in London, United Kingdom using two different data-driven modeling techniques, i.e., Multiple Regression and Artificial Neural Network. Hourly dataset for the electricity consumption was available for the period 2007 to 2011 from the smart meter whereas hourly data of different factors such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation were downloaded from the website of environmental research group of Kings College London. The performances of the two predictive models have been critically analyzed by comparing their predicted consumption with a real dataset of the same building for the year 2012. A comparison shows that both Multiple Regression (MR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) perform reasonably well with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.34% and 2.44% for working days and 5.12% and 4.59% for non-working days respectively. ANN performs slightly better than MR. This energy consumption forecasting approach can easily be adapted for predicting energy use of similar buildings.
Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are a source of renewable energy and are used for both industr... more Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are a source of renewable energy and are used for both industrial and domestic purposes. The study of noise characteristics of a VAWT is an important performance parameter for the turbine. This study focuses on the development of a linear microphone array and measuring acoustic signals on a cambered five-bladed 45 W VAWT in an anechoic chamber at different tip speed ratios. The sound pressure level spectrum of VAWT shows that tonal noises such as blade passing frequencies dominate at lower frequencies whereas broadband noise corresponds to all audible ranges of frequencies. This study shows that the major portion of noise from the source is dominated by aerodynamic noises generated due to vortex generation and trailing edge serrations. The research also predicts that dynamic stall is evident in the lower Tip speed ratio (TSR) region making smaller TSR values unsuitable for a quiet VAWT. This paper compares the results of linear aeroacoustic array w...
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2020
Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) in an efficient manner is a basic requirement of modern era. ... more Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) in an efficient manner is a basic requirement of modern era. The real time and non-real traffics demand customized communication provisioning to get guarantee of service. For this we proposed a user fulfillment design for facilitating packets switching in 3G cellular network to insure provisioning of QoS (quality of service) in DiffServ (Differentiated Services) Network. To enhance QoS for real time traffic by reducing delay, packet loss and jitter, we proposed Low latency queuing (LLQ) algorithm. In this paper, we focused on packet scheduling, Diffserv and QoS classes mapping into Universal Mobile telecommunication System (UMTS) classes and buffering. To associate different types of real time multimedia traffic, the QoS provisioning mechanism used different code points of Diffserv. The new idea in LLQ is to map the video and voice traffics against two separate queues and used priority queuing in Low latency queuing for voice traffic. The results got from reproductions shows that proposed calculation meets the QoS prerequisites.
This study aims to develop automatic self-cleaning mechanism (SCM) for pole mounted solar install... more This study aims to develop automatic self-cleaning mechanism (SCM) for pole mounted solar installations and to evaluate its performance. Design and fabrication of device allows the SCM to start cleaning cycle after every 24 hours for a period of 20 seconds. It also restricts the SCM to continue the cleaning process during rain or when the battery voltage level is low. The experiments were done at two identical pairs of PV panels tilted at 33° angle, one with SCM and one without, for a period of six weeks in the climatic conditions of Pakistan. Irradiance, dust density and other performance parameters such as maximum power output, short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor and panel efficiency were recorded. The results revealed that with the increasing dust density, the output power, short circuit current and efficiency decreased dramatically for the PV pair without SCM, i.e. by 85%, 80% and 86% respectively. On the other hand, the PV pair having SCM showed fairly a consistent performance due to regular cleaning of the panel surfaces. The proposed SCM is a cost effective mean of removing accumulated dust with a payback period of 2.04 years.
Gravitational water vortex turbine (GWVT) is one of the emerging micro-hydro power plants because... more Gravitational water vortex turbine (GWVT) is one of the emerging micro-hydro power plants because it requires less expertise, low head and reduced setup space for installation. A detailed performance evaluation of the GWVT based on turbine performance curves is yet to be explored. With the help of mathematical expressions along with the experimentation, the present study presents different performance parameters (PPs) such as; rotational speed, torque, brake power and mechanical efficiency of single-stage GWVT under various flow and design conditions. The effect of vortex height, runner position, percentage submergence of blades, notch angle, blades aspect ratio, blades curvature, blades inclination, hub diameter, straight and conical edged blades on the PPs has been investigated. The analytical and experimental results are in a good agreement both qualitatively and quantitatively. The experimental results show that the vortex height and a good vortex shape with fully developed air core are the major parameters in deciding the performance of GWVT. Better performance of GWVT can be achieved at middle of the rotational speed range i.e. between the minimum and maximum load conditions with minimum possible notch angle and hub diameter, using inclined blades of zero curvature fixed near the bottom of the basin.
In 2010, the UK's Higher Education Sector set a carbon reduction target of 43%. This study aims t... more In 2010, the UK's Higher Education Sector set a carbon reduction target of 43%. This study aims to evaluate the performance of this Sector for the period before and after the implementation of its carbon reduction target. Dataset available from the Higher Education Statistics Agency has been extensively used in this study. Significant factors driving the sector's energy consumption have been identified. Energy performance indicators have been established. The increasing role of green technologies in the sector's energy mix has been unlocked. The sector's energy and carbon performance have been additionally analysed by critically analysing the data collected from the display energy certificates. In the end, the impact of Brexit on the sector's academic and environmental targets has been discussed.
International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing
This paper presents the GPDS (Getting Started, Planning, Design, and Sustainability) Planning Fra... more This paper presents the GPDS (Getting Started, Planning, Design, and Sustainability) Planning Framework for Social Marketing. A qualitative research design was employed. Data were collected from social marketing experts using the Delphi method and analyzed using the thematic analysis approach. The proposed framework includes key strengths of existing Social Marketing Planning (SMP) approaches. It also embeds emerging social marketing principles in the planning process, such as ‘Continuous Consumer Research and Feedback Loop’ (embracing key aspects of monitoring and evaluation) and ‘Expert Consultation’ to overcome the lack of clarity on the interdisciplinary language used in the field. Importantly, the critical aspect of ‘Sustainability’ in the changed behavior is incorporated, aligning with the global consensus definition of social marketing and the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focus on sustainable outcomes. Both theory and practice have been applied to...
Teknik dalam melakukan permainan bola basket untuk di terapkan dalam siswa/siswi mengalami kesuli... more Teknik dalam melakukan permainan bola basket untuk di terapkan dalam siswa/siswi mengalami kesulitan karena dalam teknik tersebut membutuhkan kecepatan, kelincahan dan akurasi yang cukup tinggi. Sedangkan untuk karakteristik siswa/siswi tingkat SD/MI belum bisa memenuhi hal tersebut. Apalagi dalam melakukan passing selalu mengalami kesulitan, yaitu ketidak tepatan operan serta penangkapan operan. Karakteristik siswa/siswi SD/MI juga masih individualisme dan kurangnya kerjasama dengan team. Keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana menjadikan proses pembelajaran bola basket tidak dapat berjalan. Untuk melakukan pendekatan teknik tersebut melalui permainan modifikasi yaitu permainan basso. Basso adalah permainan yang menggunakan bola besar seperti bola basket dan bola voli, yang dibawa melintasi line (garis penjaga) tanpa tersentuh lawan atau penjaga. Permainan basso adalah permainan modifikasi dari permainan bola basket dan gopak sodor. Pembelajaran dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Model pembelaj...
Produksi minyak dan gas dari lepas pantai (offshore) dan laut dalam semakin meningkat dalam sepul... more Produksi minyak dan gas dari lepas pantai (offshore) dan laut dalam semakin meningkat dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir ini. Hal ini berarti semakin meningkatnya juga teknologi dari offshore pipeline. Pada saat ini teknologi dari offshore pipeline telah mencapai lebih dari 6000 feet. Seringkali ongkos dari konstruksi offshore pipeline lebih besar dari biaya pengeboran dan biaya produksi. Oleh karena itu pengembangan dan pemeliharaan dari offshore pipeline telah menjadi topik yang penting untuk mengefektifkan biaya pada produksi minyak dan gas dari lepas pantai (offshore) dan laut dalam. Pada tesis ini dilakukan analisis berdasarkan Recommended Practice DNV-RP-F101 Corroded Pipelines untuk menentukan kekuatan sisa riser pipeline yang terkorosi dengan srudi kasus Chevron West-seno riser pipeline. Analisis kekuatan sisa dilakukan berdasarkan data korosi yang didapat dari ultrasonic test yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2008, data operasi dari pipeline, data dimensi, dan data material pipa. Anal...
Objective: The main aim of this study was evaluate the thrombocytopenia associated with enormous ... more Objective: The main aim of this study was evaluate the thrombocytopenia associated with enormous use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Place and duration of study: This study was carried out in a duration of 10 months from February 2018 to November 2018 in medical department of Mayo Hospital Lahore. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients were selected who were taking PPI for long term and then their blood samples were taken and sent to a reliable laboratory for CBC and look for thrombocytopenia. All these patients had previous history of NSAID's use and had developed gastric ulcers due to it. Informed consent was taken from all the patients or their relatives. Ethical committee approval was taken. A pre-designed proforma was used to collect the data. Results: A total of 50 patients were selected to collect the data who were using PPI. A minor decrease in white blood cells were seen in all these patients. All the patients were given one prophylactic dose of heparin which co...
Purpose This paper aims to develop and present a new planning framework of social marketing, know... more Purpose This paper aims to develop and present a new planning framework of social marketing, known as consumer research, segmentation, design of the social programme, implementation, evaluation and sustainability (CSD-IES). Design/methodology/approach The proposed framework is based on recent theoretical developments in social marketing and is informed by the key strengths of existing social marketing planning approaches. Findings The CSD-IES planning framework incorporates emerging principles of social marketing. For example, sustainability in changed behaviour, ethical considerations in designing social marketing programmes, the need for continuous research to understand the changing needs of the priority audience during the programme and the need for explicit feedback mechanisms. Research limitations/implications The CSD-IES framework is a dynamic and flexible framework that guides social marketers, other practitioners and researchers to develop, implement and evaluate effective ...
2020 IEEE 14th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC), 2020
An increasing amount of data and information coming from social networks that can be used to gene... more An increasing amount of data and information coming from social networks that can be used to generate a variety of data patterns for different types of investigation such as human social behavior, system security, criminology etc. A framework is developed to predict major types of social media crimes (Cyber stalking, Cyber bullying, Cyber Hacking, Cyber Harassment, and Cyber Scam) using the data obtained from social media website. The proposed framework is consist of three modules; data (tweet) pre-processing, classifying model builder and prediction. To build the prediction model Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used that classify given data into different classes of crime. Further N-Gram language model is used with these machine learning algorithms to identify the best value of n and measure the accuracy of the system at different levels such as Unigram, Bigram, Trigram, and 4-gram. Results shows that all three algorithm attain the precision, Recall and F-measure above than 0.9 however Support vector machine performed slightly better. The proposed system produced better accuracy result as compared to existing network-based feature selection approach.
The effect of geometry and nanoparticles concentrations on the heat transfer and friction factor ... more The effect of geometry and nanoparticles concentrations on the heat transfer and friction factor of the microchannel. • The conventional straight channel is compared with uniform wavy, dual wavy channel considering the equal volume. • The optimum channel is identified by using the Thermal Performance Factor considering the effect of heat transfer and pressure drop. • The heat transfer performance of all wavy channels was more than double compared to straight channel and increased with an increase in Reynolds number. • The base wall temperature reduced on average from 6 • C to 10 • C for a 100 to 900 increase in Reynolds number compared to the straight channel.
International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 2021
This paper contributes to emerging discourse about the ongoing challenges and opportunities of so... more This paper contributes to emerging discourse about the ongoing challenges and opportunities of social marketing as a discipline. The paper presents a qualitative perspective on existing challenges faced by social marketing and offers suggestions for addressing these challenges. Nine semi-structured interviews with social marketing academics and practitioners from six different countries were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and interpret the qualitative data. The study provides insight into existing challenges for social marketing, classified into three key themes according to their position within or outside of the discipline: 1) poor branding of the discipline as an internal challenge, 2) competing disciplines as an external challenge, and 3) overall reach of the discipline, seen as both an internal and external challenge. The findings suggest that social marketing needs to overcome poor branding issues to sufficiently address external challenges. We conclude by ar...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020
This paper presents a fresh understanding of the vigorous connection between inward FDI, renewabl... more This paper presents a fresh understanding of the vigorous connection between inward FDI, renewable energy consumption, economic growth and carbon emission in the Chinese economy employing novel Morlet wavelet analysis. Wavelet correlation, continuous wavelet transform and partial and the multiple wavelet coherence analyses are applied on variables under study for data acquired during the period 1979 to 2017. The outcome of these analyses reveals that the connections among the variables progress over frequency and time. From the frequency domain point of view, the current study discovers noteworthy wavelet coherence and robust lead and lag linkages, although time domain reveals inconsistent associations among the considered variables. The wavelet analysis according to economic point of view supports that inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and renewable energy consumption help to enhance economic condition in Chinese economy. The results also suggested that inward FDI enhances the environmental degradation in medium and long run in China. The results emphasize the significance of having organized strategies by the policymakers to cope with huge environmental degradation occurred for a couple of decades in China.
Background: This paper addresses the key factors that cause social marketing programs (typically ... more Background: This paper addresses the key factors that cause social marketing programs (typically consisting of discrete programs or interventions, but also including broader-scale initiatives) to fail. It argues that understanding these failures offers greater insight to researchers and practitioners than publications solely focused on successes. Focus: Our paper discusses the causes of the failure of social marketing programs, an area that has largely been ignored in extant research. Research Question: What causes social marketing programs to fail? Importance: As the majority of practitioner-oriented social marketing research focuses on how to develop a successful program, we identify a tendency to ignore failed programs. We suggest that both researchers and practitioners can arguably learn more useful lessons from failures rather than successes. Thus, this paper contributes to social marketing literature by exploring the key causes of social marketing failures. Methods: We conduct...
Purpose: This paper presents a systematic review of the use of social marketing principles in sex... more Purpose: This paper presents a systematic review of the use of social marketing principles in sexual health studies in order to determine the effectiveness of the programmes. Method: A systematic literature review method was used, and Andreasen’s (2002) benchmark criteria were adopted to analyse the use of social marketing principles in the selected studies.Findings: There is evidence of full use of some elements of Andreasen’s (2002) benchmark criteria, for example consumer research, behaviour change objectives and segmentation. The use of the marketing mix theory and exchange elements were limited, whereas the evidence of the use of competition is not noted. In addition, the majority of the selected studies focus on short-term objectives, leading to varying and inconsistent outcomes. Overall, no single element of Andreasen’s (2002) benchmark criteria was independently associated with the success of any of the selected studies. Implication: The review highlights a need to use more ...
Parabolic trough collector is the most mature and widely deployed concentrated solar power techno... more Parabolic trough collector is the most mature and widely deployed concentrated solar power technology with temperature ranging from 325 to 700 K. In this study, three different absorber tube geometries (smooth absorber tube, absorber tube with twisted tape insert and tube with longitudinal fins) of commercially available LS-2 collector are modeled and investigated using engineering equation solver. The objective of this study is to present a numerical comparative analysis of the available thermal enhancement techniques. Comprehensive energetic and exergetic performance of different tube geometry configurations using Al 2 O 3 /water as a heat transfer fluid has been compared to assess the nature of exergy destruction due to the fluid's pressure, due to the heat transfer between sun and the receiver wall and due to the temperature difference between receiver wall and heat transfer fluid temperature. Furthermore, pure base fluid (water) along with the nanofluid is used to evaluate the system's performance (thermal efficiency, exergetic efficiency, heat transfer coefficient, receiver temperature, pressure drop, pumping work demand and friction factor). Smooth absorber tube with pure base fluid is the reference case, while five cases (smooth tube with nanofluid, tube with pure water and fins inserted, tube with nanofluid and fins inserted, tube with pure water and twisted tape inserted, tube with nanofluid and twisted tape inserted) are investigated. Thermal efficiency of absorber tube with twisted tape insert and nanofluid is almost 72.26%, followed by tube with internal fins (72.10%), while smooth absorber tube has nearly 71.09%. Heat transfer coefficient of twisted tape inserted tube with nanofluid and longitudinal fins tube with nanofluid is greater than smooth absorber tube to almost 118.23% and 103.26%, respectively. The emphasis is also given to the pressure drop of the examined cases as it depends up on the friction factor of the absorber tubes. The use of nanofluid and twisted tape inserts leads to higher thermal enhancement, followed by the nanofluid and internal fins inserted tube. The nanoparticle concentration is also varied to investigate its effect on different performance parameters of the system.
Academic buildings in a typical university campus occupy 42% of the total space and are responsib... more Academic buildings in a typical university campus occupy 42% of the total space and are responsible for nearly 50 percent of the total energy use and carbon emissions of the campus. Forecasting of energy consumption in this energy intensive building category could help higher education institutions in taking energy saving initiatives and in revising their building operating strategies. Reliable predictive techniques does not only help in forecasting a building’ energy consumption, but also help in identifying a variety of factors affecting the energy consumption of that building. This study attempts to forecast and benchmark the daily electricity consumption of an academic building situated in London, United Kingdom using two different data-driven modeling techniques, i.e., Multiple Regression and Artificial Neural Network. Hourly dataset for the electricity consumption was available for the period 2007 to 2011 from the smart meter whereas hourly data of different factors such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation were downloaded from the website of environmental research group of Kings College London. The performances of the two predictive models have been critically analyzed by comparing their predicted consumption with a real dataset of the same building for the year 2012. A comparison shows that both Multiple Regression (MR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) perform reasonably well with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.34% and 2.44% for working days and 5.12% and 4.59% for non-working days respectively. ANN performs slightly better than MR. This energy consumption forecasting approach can easily be adapted for predicting energy use of similar buildings.
Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are a source of renewable energy and are used for both industr... more Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are a source of renewable energy and are used for both industrial and domestic purposes. The study of noise characteristics of a VAWT is an important performance parameter for the turbine. This study focuses on the development of a linear microphone array and measuring acoustic signals on a cambered five-bladed 45 W VAWT in an anechoic chamber at different tip speed ratios. The sound pressure level spectrum of VAWT shows that tonal noises such as blade passing frequencies dominate at lower frequencies whereas broadband noise corresponds to all audible ranges of frequencies. This study shows that the major portion of noise from the source is dominated by aerodynamic noises generated due to vortex generation and trailing edge serrations. The research also predicts that dynamic stall is evident in the lower Tip speed ratio (TSR) region making smaller TSR values unsuitable for a quiet VAWT. This paper compares the results of linear aeroacoustic array w...
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2020
Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) in an efficient manner is a basic requirement of modern era. ... more Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) in an efficient manner is a basic requirement of modern era. The real time and non-real traffics demand customized communication provisioning to get guarantee of service. For this we proposed a user fulfillment design for facilitating packets switching in 3G cellular network to insure provisioning of QoS (quality of service) in DiffServ (Differentiated Services) Network. To enhance QoS for real time traffic by reducing delay, packet loss and jitter, we proposed Low latency queuing (LLQ) algorithm. In this paper, we focused on packet scheduling, Diffserv and QoS classes mapping into Universal Mobile telecommunication System (UMTS) classes and buffering. To associate different types of real time multimedia traffic, the QoS provisioning mechanism used different code points of Diffserv. The new idea in LLQ is to map the video and voice traffics against two separate queues and used priority queuing in Low latency queuing for voice traffic. The results got from reproductions shows that proposed calculation meets the QoS prerequisites.
This study aims to develop automatic self-cleaning mechanism (SCM) for pole mounted solar install... more This study aims to develop automatic self-cleaning mechanism (SCM) for pole mounted solar installations and to evaluate its performance. Design and fabrication of device allows the SCM to start cleaning cycle after every 24 hours for a period of 20 seconds. It also restricts the SCM to continue the cleaning process during rain or when the battery voltage level is low. The experiments were done at two identical pairs of PV panels tilted at 33° angle, one with SCM and one without, for a period of six weeks in the climatic conditions of Pakistan. Irradiance, dust density and other performance parameters such as maximum power output, short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor and panel efficiency were recorded. The results revealed that with the increasing dust density, the output power, short circuit current and efficiency decreased dramatically for the PV pair without SCM, i.e. by 85%, 80% and 86% respectively. On the other hand, the PV pair having SCM showed fairly a consistent performance due to regular cleaning of the panel surfaces. The proposed SCM is a cost effective mean of removing accumulated dust with a payback period of 2.04 years.
Gravitational water vortex turbine (GWVT) is one of the emerging micro-hydro power plants because... more Gravitational water vortex turbine (GWVT) is one of the emerging micro-hydro power plants because it requires less expertise, low head and reduced setup space for installation. A detailed performance evaluation of the GWVT based on turbine performance curves is yet to be explored. With the help of mathematical expressions along with the experimentation, the present study presents different performance parameters (PPs) such as; rotational speed, torque, brake power and mechanical efficiency of single-stage GWVT under various flow and design conditions. The effect of vortex height, runner position, percentage submergence of blades, notch angle, blades aspect ratio, blades curvature, blades inclination, hub diameter, straight and conical edged blades on the PPs has been investigated. The analytical and experimental results are in a good agreement both qualitatively and quantitatively. The experimental results show that the vortex height and a good vortex shape with fully developed air core are the major parameters in deciding the performance of GWVT. Better performance of GWVT can be achieved at middle of the rotational speed range i.e. between the minimum and maximum load conditions with minimum possible notch angle and hub diameter, using inclined blades of zero curvature fixed near the bottom of the basin.
In 2010, the UK's Higher Education Sector set a carbon reduction target of 43%. This study aims t... more In 2010, the UK's Higher Education Sector set a carbon reduction target of 43%. This study aims to evaluate the performance of this Sector for the period before and after the implementation of its carbon reduction target. Dataset available from the Higher Education Statistics Agency has been extensively used in this study. Significant factors driving the sector's energy consumption have been identified. Energy performance indicators have been established. The increasing role of green technologies in the sector's energy mix has been unlocked. The sector's energy and carbon performance have been additionally analysed by critically analysing the data collected from the display energy certificates. In the end, the impact of Brexit on the sector's academic and environmental targets has been discussed.
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Papers by Bilal Akbar