Papers by Benjamin Ozumba
Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2008
BACKGROUND With a high incidence of unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortion especially among unm... more BACKGROUND With a high incidence of unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortion especially among unmarried women in developing countries, there is need to promote emergency contraception (EC). OBJECTIVE To assess the unmarried women's knowledge, attitude and practice of EC. METHODS A random sample of a cross-section of 594 unmarried women in Enugu, southeast Nigeria, was surveyed with questionnaire between January and April 2004. RESULTS Of the 1,160 unmarried women interviewed initially, 51% had heard of EC. One hundred (16.9%) knew the correct meaning of EC and these were mainly those with higher educational qualification, previous unwanted pregnancy, or had used modern contraception (p<0.05). Other respondents mentioned vaginal douching, application of traditional remedies to the vagina as effective emergency contraceptives. Although sixty percent (n=354) of respondents had used regular modern contraception, only 20% (n=119) had ever used EC. Few respondents knew correctly ho...
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2017
African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2016
Background: Semen analysis has remained an objective, inexpensive and readily available means of ... more Background: Semen analysis has remained an objective, inexpensive and readily available means of assessing male factor infertility. There is a paucity of studies on male factor infertility in Nigeria using the current World Health Organization 2010 human values for semen characteristics. Aim: This study was aimed at determining the socio-demographic and semen characteristics of the male partners of infertile couples in Abakaliki. Materials and Methods: The case files of infertility cases managed at Federal Teaching Hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 were retrieved. Results: Out of 730 semen analysis results analysed, 297 (40.7%) have abnormal parameters ranging from abnormal motility (36.7%), to the combination of low sperm count, abnormal motility and morphology (0.68%). While older age and urban dwelling had significant effect on abnormal sperm motility, rural dwelling and low/or no educational status had a significant effect on low seminal fluid volume and sperm count (P-value ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: There is still a high rate of male factor infertility in this environment.
Tropical Doctor, 2004
Fabre T, Piton C, Andre 0, Lasseur E, Durandeau A. Peroneal nerve entrapment. J Bone Joint Surg 1... more Fabre T, Piton C, Andre 0, Lasseur E, Durandeau A. Peroneal nerve entrapment. J Bone Joint Surg 1998;80A:4753 2 Togrol E, Colak A, Kutlay M, Saracoglu M, Akyatan N, Akin ON. Bilateral peroneal nerve palsy induced by prolonged squatting. Mil Med 2000;165:240-2 3 McGrory BJ, Burke OW. Peroneal nerve palsy following intermittent sequential pneumatic compression. Orthopedics 2000;23:1103-5 4 Kershenbaum A, Jaffa T, Zeman A, Boniface S. Bilateral foot drop in a patient with anorexia nervosa, Tnt J Eating Disord 1997;22:335-7 5 Brown RE, Storm BW. "Congenital" common peroneal nerve compression. Ann Plast Surg 1994;33:326-9 6 Katirji B. Peroneal neuropathy. Neurol Clin 1999;17:567-91 7 Medical Research Council. Aids to the investigation of peripheral nerve injuries. In: War Memorandum No.7, 2nd edn (revised). London: HMSO, 1943 8 Berry H, Richardson PM. Common peroneal nerve palsy, a clinical and electrophysiological review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1976;39:1162-71 9 Katirji MB, Wilbourn AJ. Common peroneal mononeuropathy: a clinical and electrophysiological study of 116 lesions. Neurology 1988;38:1723-8 10 Sidney JD. Weak ankles: a study of common peroneal entrapment neuropathy. BMJ 1969;4:623--{j 11 Singh N, Behse F, Buchtal F. Electrophysiological study of peroneal palsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1974;37: 1202-13 12 Vastamaki M. Decompression for peroneal nerve entrapment. Acta Or/hop Scan 1986;57:551-4 13 Uncini A, Di Muzio A, Awad J, Gambi D. Compressive bilateral peroneal neuropathy: serial electrophysiologic studies and pathophysiological remarks. Ac/a Neurol Scand 1992;85:66-70 14 Ochoa J, Fowler 'I'J, Gilliat RW. Anatomical changes in peripheral nerves compressed by pneumatic tourniquet. J Anat 1972;113:433-55 15 Carvalho M de, Miguel S, Bentes C. Sensory potential can be preserved in severe common peroneal neuropathy. Electromogr Clin NeurophysioI2000;40:61-3
African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2015
Background: Carcinoma of the cervix is the most common female genital tract malignancy in Nigeria... more Background: Carcinoma of the cervix is the most common female genital tract malignancy in Nigeria. Immunosuppression has been linked with acquisition and persistence of human papilloma virus infection, which is known to trigger changes in the cervical epithelium resulting in cancer of the cervix. Objectives: The objective was to determine the prevalence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive women receiving care at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki in Nigeria, as well as the pattern of abnormal cervical smear in HIV-positive women. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective cross-sectional study of 206 HIV-positive women attending the HIV clinic at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. Papanicolaou smear was collected. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the SPSS version 16 software package. Results: The prevalence of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) was 6.3% in HIV-positive patient. Of those with abnormal cervical cytology, 35/206 (17%) had inflammatory smear, 16/206 (6.3%) had low-grade SIL, and 4/206 (1.9%) women had Trichomonas vaginalis. Conclusion: The prevalence of low-grade SIL among women infected with HIV in this study was high. The abnormal cervical smear were inflammatory smears, low-grade cervical SILs, and Trichomonas vaginalis infection.
OncoTargets and Therapy, 2015
Background: The association between hormonal contraception and cervical cancer is controversial. ... more Background: The association between hormonal contraception and cervical cancer is controversial. These controversies may hamper the uptake of hormonal contraceptives. Objective: To determine the association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical neoplasia. Materials and methods: This was a case-control study in which Pap-smear results of 156 participants on hormonal contraceptives were compared with those of 156 participants on no form of modern contraception. Modern contraception is defined as the use of such contraceptives as condoms, pills, injectables, intrauterine devices, implants, and female or male sterilization. Those found to have abnormal cervical smear cytology results were subjected further to colposcopy. Biopsy specimens for histology were collected from the participants with obvious cervical lesions or those with suspicious lesions on colposcopy. The results were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics at a 95% level of confidence. Results: A total of 71 (45.5%), 60 (38.5%), and 25 (16.0%) of the participants on hormonal contraceptives were using oral contraceptives, injectable contraceptives, and implants, respectively. Cervical neoplasia was significantly more common among participants who were 35 years old (6% versus 1%, P0.0001), rural dwellers (6% versus 3.5%, P0.0001), unmarried (7.6% versus 3.5%, P0.0001), unemployed (6.8% versus 3.5%, P0.0001), less educated (6% versus 3.8%, P0.0001), and had high parity (6.8% versus 3.6%, P0.0001). There was no statistical significant difference in cervical neoplasia between the two groups of participants (7 [4.5%] versus 6 [3.8%], P=1.0). Conclusion: There was no association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical neoplasia in this study.
Journal of the National Medical Association, 1993
A retrospective study of cases of preterm caesarean section was carried out at the University of ... more A retrospective study of cases of preterm caesarean section was carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital between January 1985 and December 1989. A total of 1973 caesarean sections were performed; 167 (8%) of these were preterm sections. Most of the patients were "booked" (133 cases, 80%) while 34 patients (20%) were "unbooked." The most common indications for preterm caesarean sections were preeclampsia, placenta previa, and premature rupture of membranes. The perinatal and maternal mortality were high: 257 per 1000 and 11 per 1000, respectively. Timely hospital admission, better intrapartum care, and vaginal delivery of very low birthweight babies are suggested to reduce the incidence of preterm caesarean section and its attendant complications in our hospital practice.
International surgery
An analysis of the use of destructive operation in obstetric practice at the University of Nigeri... more An analysis of the use of destructive operation in obstetric practice at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu over a nine year period has been carried out. The hospital is the only Teaching Hospital in the State of six million people, and serves a dual role of tertiary and primary care centre. The incidence of destructive operation fell from 0.29% in the first three years to 0.06% and 0.05% in the second and third year periods respectively. The main indication for the operation was obstructed labour. The incidence of maternal morbidity and mortality was high and was related more to the indications for the destructive operation then the actual operation. Suggested methods for eliminating its use and complications include health education, provision of efficient obstetric services and adequate training of available manpower.
International surgery
This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of morbidity and mortality of emergency obst... more This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of morbidity and mortality of emergency obstetric hysterectomy at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, and also the modalities for reducing these complications. Of the 84 cases of emergency obstetric hysterectomy carried out at the Teaching Hospital between January 1979 and December 1988, 43 had antenatal care at the Teaching Hospital while the remaining 41 were referred cases. Sixty patients were operated upon for ruptured uterus while the remaining 24 were as a result of post partum causes such as uterine atony, adherent placenta, lacerated cervix and sepsis. The leading post-operative complications were fever, haemorrhagic shock and sepsis. A maternal mortality rate of 29.8% was recorded, with the referred patients contributing 68% of the mortality. Better supervision of antenatal care in the community studied, improved blood transfusion facilities in the Teaching Hospital and adequate prophylaxis with antibiotic...
Advances in Contraception
This paper is an evaluation of acceptability and use-experience with the contraceptive device Nor... more This paper is an evaluation of acceptability and use-experience with the contraceptive device Norplant at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Eastern Nigeria. Over a period of 36 months, 173 women (8% of the clinic population) accepted the implant. Use of Norplant was concentrated among high-parity women, and the proportion of Norplant users was highest among women aged 30-34 years. Comparing Norplant and IUD users, we found Norplant users to be significantly less highly educated with < 1% of Norplant users having tertiary education compared to 25% of new IUD users. The continuation rate with Norplant was 89% at three years, suggesting this method has the potential for improving the low contraceptive prevalence in this region.
Public Health, 2001
Of these, 2402 clients (12%) were new patients and 17,068 (88%) were old patients. Among the new ... more Of these, 2402 clients (12%) were new patients and 17,068 (88%) were old patients. Among the new clients, 2262 (94%) eventually accepted a contraceptive method. The majority of the women (60%) chose the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), 20% chose the injectables, while bilateral tubal ligation and norplant were chosen by 8% and 7%, respectively, of the clients. The oral contraceptive pill was the least popular (1%). Variations in the pattern of contraceptive use among clients at the family planning clinic were discussed. Measures to increase the contraceptive prevalence, and particularly strategies to meet the speci®c contraceptive needs of clients at the clinic, were also examined. Public Health (2001) 115, 51±53.
Public Health, 2008
, were studied to identify maternal characteristics and avoidable factors for maternal mortality.... more , were studied to identify maternal characteristics and avoidable factors for maternal mortality. Booked women were those who received formal prenatal care in a medical facility. Abortion-related deaths were not included in the study. Results: There were 49 maternal deaths, 2131 deliveries and 2044 live births during the study period, giving a maternal mortality ratio of 2397.3 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The average age of the women was 29.8 years. Twelve women (25.5%) booked in the UNTH, 23 (48.9%) booked elsewhere and 12 (25.5%) were unbooked. Ten women (21.3%) were nulliparous, 15 (31.9%) were Para 1-2, 17 (36.2%) were Para 3-4 and five (10.6%) were Para 5 or above. Twenty-one women (44.7%) first sought medical attention at a private medical clinic, six (12.8%) at the general/mission hospital, five (10.6%) at maternity/health centres, one (2.1%) from a traditional birth attendant and 14 (29.8%) at the UNTH. Fourteen women (39.8%) died within 24 h of admission, 12 (25.5%) between 24 and 48 h, seven (14.9%) between 48 and 96 h and 14 (29.8%) after 96 h. Two women (4.3%) delivered at home, eight (17.0%) in private medical clinics, 23 (48.9%) in the UNTH and 14 (29.8%) died undelivered. Major avoidable factors were substandard care (27.7%), delay in seeking care (19.1%), financial constraints (8.4%), delay in recognizing a problem (6.4%), lack of blood (4.3%), lack of drugs (2.1%) and industrial strike action by health workers (2.1%). No major avoidable factor was identified in 14 women (29.8%). Conclusion: Avoidable factors are still prevalent in maternal deaths in Nigeria.
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2014
Background: Estimation of fetal weight is important for antenatal and intrapartum management of p... more Background: Estimation of fetal weight is important for antenatal and intrapartum management of pregnant women. Sonographic methods are not readily accessible in under-resourced settings, it is therefore necessary to study the accuracy of a clinical method of estimating fetal weight where this limitation (unavailability of ultrasound) exists. Objective: To compare the accuracy of clinical and ultrasound methods of fetal weight estimation at term. Materials and Methods: Clinical and ultrasound fetal weights were estimated on 200 consecutive term pregnancies (37 completed weeks of gestation-41 weeks and 6 days) at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria from 1 st April to 30 th November 2012. Accuracy was determined using percentage error, absolute percentage error, and proportion of estimates within 10% of actual birth weight. Results: Actual birth weight had strong positive correlation with both clinical and ultrasound estimated fetal weights (r = 0.71, P < 0.001 and r = 0.69, P < 0.001, respectively). Overall, both the clinical and ultrasound methods systematically overestimated the actual birth weight. The proportion of the clinical estimated weights that were within 10% of the actual birth weight was significantly lower than that of ultrasound method for babies of all birth weights (35.0 vs. 67.5%; P < 0.001) and for macrosomic babies (76 vs 100%, P = 0.009). For babies with normal birth weights (2.5-3.9 kg), ultrasound method error values were significantly lower than those of clinical method for both the mean % error (5.4 vs 19.6%; P < 0.001) and the mean absolute % error (9.97 vs 20.6%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The ultrasound method is generally a better predictor of the actual birth weight than the clinical method, and thus should be used in estimating the actual birth weight when accessible.
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2008
This study, which assesses the economic, social and psychological implication of radiotherapy tre... more This study, which assesses the economic, social and psychological implication of radiotherapy treatment of cervical cancer involved interviews with cervical cancer patients (and their relatives) seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria and subsequently referred for radiotherapy at other centres. Of the 95 cervical cancer patients referred for radiotherapy, only 19% (n = 18) actually underwent the procedure. The remaining 81% (n = 77) did not go due to financial reasons. All the patients that underwent radiotherapy were in the upper social class and spent almost 30% of their annual income on the treatment. The patients and their accompanying relatives encountered economic, emotional and social problems during the radiotherapy treatment because of absence of social health protection. There is a need to enhance institutional capabilities for preventing and treating cervical cancer through personnel training, establishment of special trust funds, regional screening and radiotherapy centres.
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2007
... 17: 2530. Bakemeier RF, Krebs LU, Murphy JR, Shen Z, Ryak T. Attitude of Colorado ... 12: 11... more ... 17: 2530. Bakemeier RF, Krebs LU, Murphy JR, Shen Z, Ryak T. Attitude of Colorado ... 12: 111117. Parazzini F, Negri E, La-Vecchia C. Characteristics of women reporting cervical ... 1997; 43: 246251. Wellensiek N, Moodley M, Moodley J, Nkwanyana N. Knowledge of cervical ...
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2006
Our objective was to review blood transfusion practices during caesarean section in a developing ... more Our objective was to review blood transfusion practices during caesarean section in a developing country. An audit of 463 consecutive caesarean sections and blood transfusions over a 3-year period (2000 - 2002) was undertaken. The data were collected from the records department in a pre-designed proforma and analysed, using EPI - info Statistical Software version 6. A total of 117 out of 463 (25.2%) caesarean section cases were transfused. The rate of blood transfusion for the various indications were as follows: malpresentation (excluding breech), four out of six (66.7%); placenta praevia, 28 out of 49 (59.1%); uterine rupture, five out of nine (55.6%); breech delivery, eight out of 25 (32%); obstructed labour, 35 out of 124 (28.2%); precious baby, one out of four (25%); previous caesarean section, 24 out of 141 (17.0%); severe pre-eclampsia, five out of 45 (11.1%); fetal distress, three out of 28 (10.7%); and others, three out of 29 (10.3%). A total of 78 (67.2%) of caesarean section cases were emergency. A blood transfusion rate of 25.2% during caesarean section is high. The indications for the caesarean section, preoperative anaemia and quantity of blood loss during caesarean section were significant risk factor for blood transfusion. Efforts should be made to reduce the blood transfusion without increasing maternal morbidity and mortality. This is very important because of rising HIV infection in developing country and blood-borne disease.
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2007
This intervention study was to evaluate the impact of reproductive health education on the knowle... more This intervention study was to evaluate the impact of reproductive health education on the knowledge and attitude of adolescents in a rural Nigerian community to reproductive health issues. It compared adolescents in a secondary school (study group), which received health education on reproductive health with another secondary school (control group), which did not receive any. The impact of the programme was evaluated with a pre-test baseline knowledge and post-test gain in the knowledge 6 weeks later, using the same questionnaire. A total of 180 students selected by systematic sampling from each of the two randomly selected schools in Item, a rural community in south-east Nigeria participated in the programme. While all the respondents have heard of reproductive health and could identify at least one of its components, their knowledge of it prior to the health education were defective and were obtained mainly from peers and the mass media. Such information was incomplete and often coloured with cultural and religious bias. However, there was a significant (p &lt; 0.05) gain in correct knowledge following the health education. The students in the study group showed a positive and permissive attitude towards reproductive health education and there was a drop in risky sexual behaviour following the intervention. Pre-marital sex (94.3%), pregnancy prevention and abortion (88.5%) and sexually transmitted infections (82.8%) were common reproductive health problems raised by the students. Reproductive health education as part of the school curriculum will provide an effective means of improving knowledge and reducing reproductive health problems among adolescents in developing countries.
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2007
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Papers by Benjamin Ozumba