The paper examines the effect of directors’ demographic and cognitive diversity on the economic v... more The paper examines the effect of directors’ demographic and cognitive diversity on the economic value of equity based on longitudinal data from the top 15 Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study finds steadily robust evidence that shows foreign and female directors at critical mass representation positively influence banks’ net worth (a proxy of the economic value of equity). Contrary to the hypothesis, the result of cognitive diversity was rather inconclusive due to the diverse direction of causality. While the effect of directors with Bachelor of Law degrees and industry experience shows a significant negative effect, the impact of directors with business-related degrees though positively linked to the economic value of equity but remained statistically insignificant. With average sampled directors having over 23 years of industry experience, the study concluded that excessive industry knowledge is injurious to financial performance. This is because these directors are pe...
2016 IEEE International Conference on Underwater System Technology: Theory and Applications (USYS), 2016
Underwater wireless communication systems (UWS) or underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) con... more Underwater wireless communication systems (UWS) or underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) consist of different devices or networks of interconnected devices such as underwater acoustic sensors, autonomous underwater or unmanned underwater vehicles (AUV or UUV) and Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). These devices are equipped with sensing, processing, and communication capabilities deployed underwater for several specific applications. Most of these applications are multimedia coastal and tactical surveillance, picture and video acquisition and classification, offshore/oil exploration, pollution monitoring and reporting, military defence, oceanographic data collection, and search and rescue operations. These applications entail delay-sensitive and high data traffic as well as loss-sensitive traffic data. However, the underwater environment has unique characteristics and constraints such as high delay, increased error rate, low bandwidth, impaired channel due to multi-path and fading problems, high attenuation and high power consumption. To guarantee QoS of the high traffic data generated due to these applications; massive multi-input multi-output (Massive MIMO) system is considered as the best promising solution to enhance underwater communication for improved throughput/capacity, spectral and energy efficiency.
2018 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced System (ICIAS), 2018
In this paper, we present the analysis and design of a miniaturized reconfigurable bandpass filte... more In this paper, we present the analysis and design of a miniaturized reconfigurable bandpass filter based on a 3rdorder coupled conductor backed coplanar waveguide transmission line structure. The main objective of the paper is to provide a comprehensive design analysis, development and optimization of miniaturized bandpass filter with application in the RF/Microwave and other wireless communication systems. The proposed miniaturized reconfigurable bandpass filter is specifically designed for wireless communication at the center frequency of 30 GHz. The conductor-backed coplanar waveguide design approach allows for the elimination of via holes; hence, easy to fabricate, cost effective and reduces parasitic in the filter. The transmission lines are patterned on a silicon dioxide placed on a silicon substrate with the dielectric constant of $\mathcal{E}_{r}=\mathbf{11.9}$. The filter occupies total chip area of $\mathbf{1.3\ mm\ x\ 0.76\ mm}$. The 3D structure is designed and simulated...
This exploratory paper examines the concept of diversity as a dynamic of board effectiveness. The... more This exploratory paper examines the concept of diversity as a dynamic of board effectiveness. The study argues that diversity hardly works without putting in place systems and programmes that promote social inclusion, and, as such, research on board diversity must account for this element in building empirical frameworks and model specifications. The study finds that a great majority of previous studies have ignored this variable of significant importance and, in some instances, conflated it with diversity itself. This represents a material flaw that needs to be addressed. This paper offers guidance on how to measure and account for social inclusion and integration in board diversity research. Finally, a portfolio efficiency frontier model is proposed as a mechanism for differentiating between corporations with efficient board diversity and those that are tokenism based.
This paper examines the effect of key board distinctiveness on managerial risk-taking behaviour. ... more This paper examines the effect of key board distinctiveness on managerial risk-taking behaviour. Using a total sample of 121 firms made up of 1,166 corporate directors and 847 firm-year observations, the study finds robust evidence across the three stages of estimation that suggests power separation in terms of CEO non-duality is negatively associated with executive risk-taking due to enhanced board assertiveness and independence. Board size is inversely associated with the variability of market value measure both within and at inter-firm levels. With average board membership in the study sample made up of 10 directors, the study finds crucial empirical evidence that points to the key benefits of large board configuration including the social capital, diversity of thoughts, knowledge, and experience, effectiveness and vigilance which curtails executive entrenchment. In contrast, the paper records positive association between the presence of foreign directors and corporate risk-takin...
Reconfigurable bandpass filter (RBPF) is crucial in various radio frequency (RF) applications. Ho... more Reconfigurable bandpass filter (RBPF) is crucial in various radio frequency (RF) applications. However, the use of lumped element filters have failed to show tuneable integrated solutions with low insertion loss in the high frequency range. Most reconfigurable filter designs are faced with the challenges of narrow bandwidth, high losses, bulkiness, high voltage and high power consumption. To overcome these issues, this research undertakes to develop a miniaturized reconfigurable radio frequency microelectro-mechanical system (RF MEMS) band-pass filter designed for wireless communication at the center frequency of 30 GHz. The filter is optimized for low insertion loss, broad bandwidth, low applied voltage, lower power consumption and high linearity. The design consists of 3 rd order tapped input microstrip combline transmission lines structure integrated with in-plane tunable parallel capacitors and electrothermal actuator. The transmission lines are patterned on a silicon dioxide (Si0 2) of thickness 1µm placed on a silicon (Si) substrate with the dielectric constant of ε r = 11.9. The filter occupies chip area of 1.1 mm x 0.9 mm without the dummy substrate. The 3D structure is designed and simulated in Computer Simulator Technology (CST). The result shows the achieved inband insertion loss of less than 1 dB and the return loss better than 8 dB. The proposed reconfigurable bandpass filter can tune its center frequency with relatively constant absolute bandwidth.
Purpose This paper aims to examine the evolution of corporate governance in Nigeria and how the d... more Purpose This paper aims to examine the evolution of corporate governance in Nigeria and how the duplication of code of corporate best practices is impacting compliance with the key recommendations of these guidelines. The issues of corporate governance and reforms especially those related to the development and implementation of code of corporate best practices have been a subject of academic discuss over the years with more research emphasis placed on developed economies. This paper intends to add the sub-Sahara Africa and the emerging economic perspective to this vibrant stream of research. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts an explanatory approach in the review of the four different codes of corporate governance that were issued in Nigeria in the past ten years. Findings The paper demonstrated that corporate governance has been a fundamental issue of concern in Nigerian public enterprises since the country gained independence in 1960. The paper equally established that...
This paper scrutinizes the effects of adherence to an encoded board configuration on firm efficie... more This paper scrutinizes the effects of adherence to an encoded board configuration on firm efficiency in terms operational and financial performances using an integrated research framework that combines four distinct theories including agency, stewardship, stakeholders and resource dependency models. The research explores three main aspects of compliance outcomes; benefits accrued to conforming firms in terms of enhanced efficiency and market value, board level drivers as well as the external moderators of these benefits using a sample of 127 listed companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange covering for the period of 1999-2010. Result show that board independence, directors' cognitive competencies as measured in terms of their educational qualifications and professional experiences are positively associated with efficient management of assets (ROA) and firm stock marketability (Tobin's q). I find no substantive empirical evidence to suggest that either the adoption of specific leadership structure or directors' ethnic representation affects firm performance. Moreover, country-level macroeconomic variables, especially the degree of economic openness play a significant role in determining the strength of association between board structure variables and firm performance measures.
However, not all Researchers agree that type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to sensorineural h... more However, not all Researchers agree that type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) or hearing loss at all; with some reporting a
International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2011
This paper is an attempt to conduct a comprehensive survey of relevant literatures in respect of ... more This paper is an attempt to conduct a comprehensive survey of relevant literatures in respect of the relationship between board dynamics and firm performance. The investigation reveals that equivocal findings still dominates most of the previous studies on key board dynamics such as Size, composition, CEO Duality and Diversity amongst others. While the need to assess the connection between board characteristics and corporate performance would for a longtime remained a legitimate and interesting area of investigation, the paper recommend that the researchers avoid mistakes of the past. These include over reliance on singular theory, the use of lone performance measure and most importantly the assumption of express relationship between the two variables. The use of more purposeful process based approach that identifies the cause effect of the relationship would be of tremendous benefit to this vital field of study.
2010 International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing, 2010
... Bello Lawal School of Engineering, Computer and Communication Department University of Greenw... more ... Bello Lawal School of Engineering, Computer and Communication Department University of Greenwich Central Avenue, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB UK. ... Thanks are due to Umaru Musa Yar'adua State University Katsina Nigeria for their support as well as anonymous reviewers for ...
2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2011
Adaptive multiuser receivers scheme for MIMO OFDM over Iterative-Equalization for Single-Carrier ... more Adaptive multiuser receivers scheme for MIMO OFDM over Iterative-Equalization for Single-Carrier Transmission, which we refer to as Iterative AMUD MIMO OFDM. It involves the joint iteration of the adaptive minimum mean square error multiuser detection and decoding algorithm with prior information of the channel and interference cancelation in the spatial domain. A partially filtered gradient LMS (Adaptive) algorithm is also applied to improve the convergence speed and tracking ability of the adaptive detectors with slight increase in complexity. The proposed technique is analyzed in slow and fast Rayleigh fading channels in MIMO OFDM systems. The Adaptive Multiuser Detection for MIMO OFDM system (AMUD MIMO OFDM) performs as well as the iterative equalization for single-carrier for higher modulation scheme. The LMS algorithm and maximum a posterior (MAP) algorithm are utilized in the receiver structures. The results of the higher modulation schemes shows that as the modulation order increases, a higher S R is required to obtain the same BER performance at a lower order. The iterative gain is greater for higher modulation orders as compared with lower modulation
In this paper, we optimized the performance of Ad hoc on Demand Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source ... more In this paper, we optimized the performance of Ad hoc on Demand Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols through simulation. Numerical and simulation results presented illustrate how the performance of an ad hoc network protocol drastically changes as a result of changing the mobility model and ambient noise level in the network. The simulation results showed that, in the presence of ambient noise level in the network, AODV and DSR protocols have a significant improvement in end-to-end delay reduction with 68.5 % for AODV and 86.8% for DSR respectively. The network load simulation result revealed that DSR protocol maintains a constant routing load while the AODV protocol shows a 75% drop in routing load.
The combination of MIMO signal processing with OFDM is a solution to achieving high data rates fo... more The combination of MIMO signal processing with OFDM is a solution to achieving high data rates for next generation wireless communication systems operating in frequency selective fading environments. To realize the extension of the MIMO with OFDM, a number of changes are required in the baseband signal processing. The developed adaptive Multiuser Detection in MIMO OFDM(AMUD) scheme performs better compared to non adaptive MIMO OFDM, at low Signal to noise ratio (SNR), it shows good performance in computational complexity, bit error rate (BER) and capacity. Simulation results show that the developed algorithm sum rate capacity is very close to MIMO theoretical upper bound (21.5 bits/s/Hz at signal to noise ratio of 20dB) which strongly indicate it’s applicability to the uplink channel where power transmission at the mobile station is a constraint. The BER performance of the developed scheme shows that, as the number of antenna increases, the 8 x 8 AMUD provides a 2dB gain compared to...
The paper examines the effect of directors’ demographic and cognitive diversity on the economic v... more The paper examines the effect of directors’ demographic and cognitive diversity on the economic value of equity based on longitudinal data from the top 15 Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study finds steadily robust evidence that shows foreign and female directors at critical mass representation positively influence banks’ net worth (a proxy of the economic value of equity). Contrary to the hypothesis, the result of cognitive diversity was rather inconclusive due to the diverse direction of causality. While the effect of directors with Bachelor of Law degrees and industry experience shows a significant negative effect, the impact of directors with business-related degrees though positively linked to the economic value of equity but remained statistically insignificant. With average sampled directors having over 23 years of industry experience, the study concluded that excessive industry knowledge is injurious to financial performance. This is because these directors are pe...
2016 IEEE International Conference on Underwater System Technology: Theory and Applications (USYS), 2016
Underwater wireless communication systems (UWS) or underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) con... more Underwater wireless communication systems (UWS) or underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) consist of different devices or networks of interconnected devices such as underwater acoustic sensors, autonomous underwater or unmanned underwater vehicles (AUV or UUV) and Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). These devices are equipped with sensing, processing, and communication capabilities deployed underwater for several specific applications. Most of these applications are multimedia coastal and tactical surveillance, picture and video acquisition and classification, offshore/oil exploration, pollution monitoring and reporting, military defence, oceanographic data collection, and search and rescue operations. These applications entail delay-sensitive and high data traffic as well as loss-sensitive traffic data. However, the underwater environment has unique characteristics and constraints such as high delay, increased error rate, low bandwidth, impaired channel due to multi-path and fading problems, high attenuation and high power consumption. To guarantee QoS of the high traffic data generated due to these applications; massive multi-input multi-output (Massive MIMO) system is considered as the best promising solution to enhance underwater communication for improved throughput/capacity, spectral and energy efficiency.
2018 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced System (ICIAS), 2018
In this paper, we present the analysis and design of a miniaturized reconfigurable bandpass filte... more In this paper, we present the analysis and design of a miniaturized reconfigurable bandpass filter based on a 3rdorder coupled conductor backed coplanar waveguide transmission line structure. The main objective of the paper is to provide a comprehensive design analysis, development and optimization of miniaturized bandpass filter with application in the RF/Microwave and other wireless communication systems. The proposed miniaturized reconfigurable bandpass filter is specifically designed for wireless communication at the center frequency of 30 GHz. The conductor-backed coplanar waveguide design approach allows for the elimination of via holes; hence, easy to fabricate, cost effective and reduces parasitic in the filter. The transmission lines are patterned on a silicon dioxide placed on a silicon substrate with the dielectric constant of $\mathcal{E}_{r}=\mathbf{11.9}$. The filter occupies total chip area of $\mathbf{1.3\ mm\ x\ 0.76\ mm}$. The 3D structure is designed and simulated...
This exploratory paper examines the concept of diversity as a dynamic of board effectiveness. The... more This exploratory paper examines the concept of diversity as a dynamic of board effectiveness. The study argues that diversity hardly works without putting in place systems and programmes that promote social inclusion, and, as such, research on board diversity must account for this element in building empirical frameworks and model specifications. The study finds that a great majority of previous studies have ignored this variable of significant importance and, in some instances, conflated it with diversity itself. This represents a material flaw that needs to be addressed. This paper offers guidance on how to measure and account for social inclusion and integration in board diversity research. Finally, a portfolio efficiency frontier model is proposed as a mechanism for differentiating between corporations with efficient board diversity and those that are tokenism based.
This paper examines the effect of key board distinctiveness on managerial risk-taking behaviour. ... more This paper examines the effect of key board distinctiveness on managerial risk-taking behaviour. Using a total sample of 121 firms made up of 1,166 corporate directors and 847 firm-year observations, the study finds robust evidence across the three stages of estimation that suggests power separation in terms of CEO non-duality is negatively associated with executive risk-taking due to enhanced board assertiveness and independence. Board size is inversely associated with the variability of market value measure both within and at inter-firm levels. With average board membership in the study sample made up of 10 directors, the study finds crucial empirical evidence that points to the key benefits of large board configuration including the social capital, diversity of thoughts, knowledge, and experience, effectiveness and vigilance which curtails executive entrenchment. In contrast, the paper records positive association between the presence of foreign directors and corporate risk-takin...
Reconfigurable bandpass filter (RBPF) is crucial in various radio frequency (RF) applications. Ho... more Reconfigurable bandpass filter (RBPF) is crucial in various radio frequency (RF) applications. However, the use of lumped element filters have failed to show tuneable integrated solutions with low insertion loss in the high frequency range. Most reconfigurable filter designs are faced with the challenges of narrow bandwidth, high losses, bulkiness, high voltage and high power consumption. To overcome these issues, this research undertakes to develop a miniaturized reconfigurable radio frequency microelectro-mechanical system (RF MEMS) band-pass filter designed for wireless communication at the center frequency of 30 GHz. The filter is optimized for low insertion loss, broad bandwidth, low applied voltage, lower power consumption and high linearity. The design consists of 3 rd order tapped input microstrip combline transmission lines structure integrated with in-plane tunable parallel capacitors and electrothermal actuator. The transmission lines are patterned on a silicon dioxide (Si0 2) of thickness 1µm placed on a silicon (Si) substrate with the dielectric constant of ε r = 11.9. The filter occupies chip area of 1.1 mm x 0.9 mm without the dummy substrate. The 3D structure is designed and simulated in Computer Simulator Technology (CST). The result shows the achieved inband insertion loss of less than 1 dB and the return loss better than 8 dB. The proposed reconfigurable bandpass filter can tune its center frequency with relatively constant absolute bandwidth.
Purpose This paper aims to examine the evolution of corporate governance in Nigeria and how the d... more Purpose This paper aims to examine the evolution of corporate governance in Nigeria and how the duplication of code of corporate best practices is impacting compliance with the key recommendations of these guidelines. The issues of corporate governance and reforms especially those related to the development and implementation of code of corporate best practices have been a subject of academic discuss over the years with more research emphasis placed on developed economies. This paper intends to add the sub-Sahara Africa and the emerging economic perspective to this vibrant stream of research. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts an explanatory approach in the review of the four different codes of corporate governance that were issued in Nigeria in the past ten years. Findings The paper demonstrated that corporate governance has been a fundamental issue of concern in Nigerian public enterprises since the country gained independence in 1960. The paper equally established that...
This paper scrutinizes the effects of adherence to an encoded board configuration on firm efficie... more This paper scrutinizes the effects of adherence to an encoded board configuration on firm efficiency in terms operational and financial performances using an integrated research framework that combines four distinct theories including agency, stewardship, stakeholders and resource dependency models. The research explores three main aspects of compliance outcomes; benefits accrued to conforming firms in terms of enhanced efficiency and market value, board level drivers as well as the external moderators of these benefits using a sample of 127 listed companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange covering for the period of 1999-2010. Result show that board independence, directors' cognitive competencies as measured in terms of their educational qualifications and professional experiences are positively associated with efficient management of assets (ROA) and firm stock marketability (Tobin's q). I find no substantive empirical evidence to suggest that either the adoption of specific leadership structure or directors' ethnic representation affects firm performance. Moreover, country-level macroeconomic variables, especially the degree of economic openness play a significant role in determining the strength of association between board structure variables and firm performance measures.
However, not all Researchers agree that type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to sensorineural h... more However, not all Researchers agree that type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) or hearing loss at all; with some reporting a
International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2011
This paper is an attempt to conduct a comprehensive survey of relevant literatures in respect of ... more This paper is an attempt to conduct a comprehensive survey of relevant literatures in respect of the relationship between board dynamics and firm performance. The investigation reveals that equivocal findings still dominates most of the previous studies on key board dynamics such as Size, composition, CEO Duality and Diversity amongst others. While the need to assess the connection between board characteristics and corporate performance would for a longtime remained a legitimate and interesting area of investigation, the paper recommend that the researchers avoid mistakes of the past. These include over reliance on singular theory, the use of lone performance measure and most importantly the assumption of express relationship between the two variables. The use of more purposeful process based approach that identifies the cause effect of the relationship would be of tremendous benefit to this vital field of study.
2010 International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing, 2010
... Bello Lawal School of Engineering, Computer and Communication Department University of Greenw... more ... Bello Lawal School of Engineering, Computer and Communication Department University of Greenwich Central Avenue, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB UK. ... Thanks are due to Umaru Musa Yar'adua State University Katsina Nigeria for their support as well as anonymous reviewers for ...
2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2011
Adaptive multiuser receivers scheme for MIMO OFDM over Iterative-Equalization for Single-Carrier ... more Adaptive multiuser receivers scheme for MIMO OFDM over Iterative-Equalization for Single-Carrier Transmission, which we refer to as Iterative AMUD MIMO OFDM. It involves the joint iteration of the adaptive minimum mean square error multiuser detection and decoding algorithm with prior information of the channel and interference cancelation in the spatial domain. A partially filtered gradient LMS (Adaptive) algorithm is also applied to improve the convergence speed and tracking ability of the adaptive detectors with slight increase in complexity. The proposed technique is analyzed in slow and fast Rayleigh fading channels in MIMO OFDM systems. The Adaptive Multiuser Detection for MIMO OFDM system (AMUD MIMO OFDM) performs as well as the iterative equalization for single-carrier for higher modulation scheme. The LMS algorithm and maximum a posterior (MAP) algorithm are utilized in the receiver structures. The results of the higher modulation schemes shows that as the modulation order increases, a higher S R is required to obtain the same BER performance at a lower order. The iterative gain is greater for higher modulation orders as compared with lower modulation
In this paper, we optimized the performance of Ad hoc on Demand Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source ... more In this paper, we optimized the performance of Ad hoc on Demand Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols through simulation. Numerical and simulation results presented illustrate how the performance of an ad hoc network protocol drastically changes as a result of changing the mobility model and ambient noise level in the network. The simulation results showed that, in the presence of ambient noise level in the network, AODV and DSR protocols have a significant improvement in end-to-end delay reduction with 68.5 % for AODV and 86.8% for DSR respectively. The network load simulation result revealed that DSR protocol maintains a constant routing load while the AODV protocol shows a 75% drop in routing load.
The combination of MIMO signal processing with OFDM is a solution to achieving high data rates fo... more The combination of MIMO signal processing with OFDM is a solution to achieving high data rates for next generation wireless communication systems operating in frequency selective fading environments. To realize the extension of the MIMO with OFDM, a number of changes are required in the baseband signal processing. The developed adaptive Multiuser Detection in MIMO OFDM(AMUD) scheme performs better compared to non adaptive MIMO OFDM, at low Signal to noise ratio (SNR), it shows good performance in computational complexity, bit error rate (BER) and capacity. Simulation results show that the developed algorithm sum rate capacity is very close to MIMO theoretical upper bound (21.5 bits/s/Hz at signal to noise ratio of 20dB) which strongly indicate it’s applicability to the uplink channel where power transmission at the mobile station is a constraint. The BER performance of the developed scheme shows that, as the number of antenna increases, the 8 x 8 AMUD provides a 2dB gain compared to...
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